Hagia Sophia, Istanbul: pfupi description, photo, nhoroondo, kero, okutanga maawa

Akawanda zvinotyisa kweTurkey, zvichida kupfuura akakurumbira uye takashanyira zvikuru ndiye Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Veko vanouti Aya Sofia. Vanozvikudza kuratidza ichi zvikuru chivako vaenzi vose vachishanyira nyika. Izvi haisi tsaona. Hagia Sophia muna Istanbul, vane mufananidzo yakashongedzwa dzose mabhurocha wamasangano kufamba - yakaisvonaka chivako mupfumi nhoroondo, nemamwe mapurani uye zvakasiyana pamasikiro menyika.

Chivako ichi chitendero vakapupurira munhau weConstantinople yekare (nechipo Istanbul) vazhinji, nhoroondo dzaro izere siyana uye kazhinji zvinosuwisa - kwenyika uye kuparadzwa, moto uye hondo. Asi Cathedral akatsungirira uye nhasi vakakurudzira ukuru yayo kwete chete vagari vemo, asiwo vazhinji vashanyi kuguta.

Hagia Sophia ari Istanbul: nhoroondo yokusika

Vazhinji sezvinoshamisa kuti makore anopfuura 1000 chivako ichi raiva kupfuura mukereke Orthodox nyika. chivakwa vokutanga nzvimbo iripo Cathedral akauya 360, panguva yaitonga Constantine. Tichishandisa Basil diki akazadza emapuranga padenga uye akanga runoenzanirana chimiro.

Mugore 404, chivako chacho akapisa panguva kusagadzikana kwevanhu. Theodosius II akarayira kuti vakiridza muna 415. Chechi itsva vaiva naves mashanu, uyewo aiva yemapuranga denga. Mugore 532, pashure akakurumbira yemuna (kumukira Nick), panguva yaitonga Mambo Justinian rakaparadzwa uye chivako.

About uyo akavaka yapfuura machechi, hwaponeswa zvakavimbika mashoko. Asi mazita havaoni zviri kuitika zvivako zvakanaka kwazvo. It Anzemios uye Isidoros. Hagia Sophia ari Constantinople (Istanbul) rakadzikwa nemhaka chete Justinian. Mavakirwo chivako chitsva kwakanga yakasiyana pre-yaivapo basilicas.

temberi yokutanga

Cathedral chechi wakaradzikwa mugore 532, uye makore mashanu chete gare gare (muna 537) vakapfuura basa yokutanga pasi namaberere aro. Gare gare pane Hagia Sophia yakava zvachose vakatozodzokera pamusoro kugadza remadzimambo hweRoma. In July 1054 pamadziro etemberi uyu mumiririri Leo IX (Pope) - Cardinal Humbert uye Patriarch Mihail Kirulary muchechi mumwe kubva mukereke (anathematized). Chiitiko ichi chakaita schism muna Catholic uye Orthodox.

Kuvakwa chechi

Munguva pakati 1204 uye 1261 makore, Istanbul maigara Dzorudzidziso. Panguva ino, guta pacharo, uye chechi dzaparadzwa zvakakomba. Akunda Constantinople muna 1453, Sultan Mehmed akatanga kuumba Islamic murayiro. Pakuvaka Cathedral zvakanaka yabatanidza, mamwe matanda matanda kunge yakaiswa. Saka, kwaiva munyika Aya Sofia Mosque. Paitonga Sultan Mehmed ari madrasah yakavakwa - chikoro wechiMuzirimu, urwo rwakatora kusvikira XVII remakore.

zvisikwa miziyamu

Muzana XIX remakore (1847-1849 gg.) Rokuvakazve Next kwakaitika Cathedral. Fossati hama, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva ezvivako akabvisa Bay, kwaakanga kamwe akanyengeterera vatongi. It yaiva kuchamhembe chikamu temberi duku niche, uye akanga dzakabatanidzwa kuruboshwe yacho mihrab. Muna 1935, Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) akanzi imba-miziyamu pamusoro Mustafa Ataturk.

Kubvira 2006, pashure dzakawanda rokukwirira vakatendeka hurumende, vakatakura tsika wechiMuslim dzakabvumirwa mutemberi. Church kare vanoti kuti raiva Hagia Sophia ari Istanbul yaiva nzvimbo nhume wokuRussia muchinda Vladimir vakapedzisira vava kuziva pfungwa chitendero Orthodox. Runozununguswa runako rokushumira pavaiita pano, vakaudza muchinda kutendeutsa kuchiKristu Holy Rus.

Zvinoratidzika sokuti Hagia Sophia ari Istanbul?

The temberi yakanaka iri chimiro ane oblong quadrilateral. Anoumba munhu mberi nokudzoka shure matatu, rimwe (pasi) - paupamhi, maviri divi - rakatetepa. Chechi ine quadrangular sredokrestiem, izvo panhongonya nzvimbo. The hombe rising temberi ezvinhu ari Nyanzvi muchitendero mavakirwo nguva yaro.

Maererano Turkish nevaongorori simba masvingo Cathedral kunoitwa nokuwedzera kuti mhinduro kubva (kuvaka) mushoma kuti kuomeswa kunosiya nedota. Wide centre mukana, mativi nechepasi, iri rakatenderedzwa nepamharadzano nembiru ina, izvo propped vakakwira yakakura namaberere akafukidza munhu sandara rising (31 m). pamusoro wayo 51 metres pamusoro pevhu pamwero. Dome vanoumba TOUR Maberere. In yayo yakaderera chikamu, riri mezharochnyh Makwanza kucheka nepamahwindo yokufeva 40. Izvi zvinoitawo kuti kunzwa zvikuru chiedza vematunhu, riri pazasi rising.

Kunyange maererano nezvinodiwa ano kuvakwa vashandi chivakwa ine anoyevedza chaizvo saizi -75h68 mamita. Vazhinji mapurani uye michina mapedzero akanga kutanga kushandiswa kana vakavaka Hagia Sophia (Istanbul), gare gare kushandiswa dzechitendero mavakirwo pasi pose.

The mukati chishongo

Hagia Sophia (Istanbul), mumwe tsananguro pfupi zvacho vashanyi vanogona kuwana mabhurocha wamasangano kufamba kana vatungamiriri guta, zvinoshamisa chaizvo kuti ayo noukuru hwawo kana kupinda mukati.

Inner Temple pedza rwakatora emakore akawanda. Iye Zvagara nacho. Madziro zvachose akafukidzwa waMosesi (sezvo zvishongo uye pasi nziyo). Wakashandiswa pakuvaka mavara mavara yemabhura, achitora mapuriro maviri rima pfumbu rokutanga, anenge rutema. Pedyo rising (mu okumusoro tiers) rusvingo sokunge dzakaumbwa goridhe.

The chikuru chinoratidza ichi kuvakwa chinoshamisa chinhu zvinopindirana mubatanidzwa Muslim uye Orthodox zvitendero. medallions guru mana manyorero mazita Arabic akadhindwa muporofita Muhammad, Mwari uye vokutanga Caliphs. Pakati medallions riri Orthodox tuore pamwe pechiso Mhandara.

A pfungwa huru pamusoro vashanyi zvose ndinorova unobereka uriri temberi yechipiri. Saka Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) anotarisa kunyange mune ukuru. Pano unogona kuyemura runako ichi mamiriro yekare. Panhurikidzwa yechipiri unokwanisa kuona pamasuo yakakurumbira machena. Pane imwe nguva vakaparadzaniswa kubva huru mukamuri neDare Imperial Rooms.

mosaics

The chinokosha che yomukatikati kushongedzwa temberi ndivo mosaics yekare. Nyanzvi conventionally akakamurwa zvitatu zvenhoroondo nguva:

• IX C (Pazvinotanga);
• IX-X remakore;
• kuguma X remakore.

Muna 1935 takatanga basa kudzorerwa kwokunamata tuore akare Orthodox uye mosaics. Vezvenhau kunyanya kukosha mufananidzo Lady Our (wezvidimbu), riri pamusoro apse. Wakaitwa uri kumashure goridhe. Nguvo Our Lady rima mutema ruvara. Hazvina mubatanidzwa huru yendarama ine rima zvitema rinosimbisa mweya Byzantine UKURU.

Zvinoshamisawo zvakanaka vakachengetedzwa apses uye nearitari, padivi paunogona kuona pamubhedha ari Sultan. Panguva kunamata pano wakapindwa kumutungamiriri, pamwe anofungidzirwa nevanakomana. Pakatarisana mubhedha akanga vakagadzirira vakadzi mhuri Sultan. Chinhu chinokosha pamusoro mukati kushongedzwa anofanira kunzi rusvingo rukuru ukomba, izvo akaurayiwa muna chaiwo netsika hweOttoman calligraphy.

Zvinosuruvarisa nhasi akachengetedzwa mosaics havasi vazhinji kwazvo. On mumwe wavo hunorondedzera neMhandara Mariya Emperor John II. Panguva iyoyo, gavhuna dzinounzwa mari yakakura pakuvaka temberi.

Chii kunotsvaka?

Uise chinyakare kugadza of Byzantine madzimambo - omfalion. Zviri machena circumferentially dzinongoda pasi ari Church.

Vachichema Mbiru zvemapuranga nemhangura. Mairi yakaderera kukwira (nenhanho kukura kwevanhu) iri diki buri. Sezvo makarekare ngano, kana gomba kuisa chigunwe chako uye kuita chido panguva ino, zvino zvichaitika haambokundikani.

"Cold bhokisi" - ndiyo imwe kukwezvana temberi yekare. Zvinofadza kuti musi Hottest zuva nepahwindo ichivhuvhuta inotonhorera, inozorodza kamuferefere.

Pakati Islamic Zvivako chechi Hagia Sophia chitsamba zvakakwana akachengetedzwa mihrab uye aritari rimwe apses dzechechi. Mukuwedzera, ivo zvinosanganisira zvakavezwa machena papurupiti, hwakasikwa ari XVI remakore yaitonga Sultan Murad III.

Vashanyi achaita kukumbira uye vakaparadzana mubhedha nokuda muezzin. Iye akatendeukira kuna Mecca - guva hweOttoman Sultans. kufarira kukuru pakuongorora chivakwa chikuru chikoro, raibhurari, tsime uye muzinda varombo, uyo akavaka Sultan Mahmud I muna XVII remakore.

Hours

Kana uri kuronga kuenda Turkey, tinoratidza kuti iwe uve nechokwadi kushanyira Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Address izvi zvinoshamisa Monument nhoroondo uye mavakirwo: Aya Sofya ba, Sultanahmet, Istanbul, Turkey .. Tine chivimbo chokuti iwe achagutswa kushanyira ichi chakaisvonaka pakuvaka.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vaenzi ayo ose zuva kumirira Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Uchishandisa nguva dzinosiyana zvishoma zvichienderana nemwaka. Muzhizha (kubva 15,04 pa 01.10), kuti miziyamu yakazaruka kubva 9.00 kusvikira 19,00, uye munguva yechando - kubva 9.00 kusvika 17.00. Tikiti rokutengesa kuguma pa 18:00 muzhizha, chando - muna 16,00.

Mari vachishanyira miziyamu ndiyo matatu liras, uye nokuda vaduku vaenzi (pasi nemaviri) Entrance akasununguka. Lira unogona tsanangurai munhu mumiririri kufamba zvakananga asati kufamba. Ani naani anoda ashanyire Cathedral of Sophia muna Istanbul, vanofanira kuziva kuti mumwedzi dzvene Ramadan, vaMuslim zvose yetemberi asingadi kushanda.

Sei ikoko?

Kana uchizopa kushanyira miziyamu pachavo (kwete chikamu revashanyi boka), ipapo unofanira kuziva sei ikoko. Ita tsvarakadenga nyore achishandisa mabhazi. Uchada bhazi (nzira T4) kana chiedza njanji (TR1). Rega kuti munoshaiwa anonzi "Sultanahmet".

Ndiani anogona kutora pevhu (Havalimani-Aksaray) kubva Ataturk Airport kuti Zeytinburnu yemapurisa. Zvino unofanira kushandisa kuna TR1 chitima, izvo zvinoda kuti panzvimbo. Kana uchigara munyika Sisli muruwa, unogona kufamba Metro kuna Taksim yemapurisa.