History Zaporizhzhya sich

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti Zaporizhzhya sich - ndiye chete kusimudzirwa, aiva munzvimbo pamusoro Khortytsya chitsuwa, asi chaizvo zvisizvo. Kutaura zvazviri, pasi zita iri akambovapo kubatanidzwa anoverengeka nzvimbo yacho Dnieper Cossacks, uyo akatsiva mumwe mu dzakatevedzana. Uye vakanga vari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nomurwizi of Dnieper, kusvikira rwezasi Dnieper Rapids (richizonzi "Zaporozhye").

First Zaporizhzhya sich - ndiye Khortytsia nhare (Khortytsia sich), rakaumbwa muna 1552 na Prince Dmitriem Vishnevetskim pachitsuwa Little Khortytsya. Yakaparadzwa Crimean Turkish nemauto kare muna 1557, asi pfungwa dzake - rakavakirwa kukamba - nokukurumidza azopora muchimiro zvinotevera neshamwari sich.

In yose, nhoroondo Zaporozhye Sech ane sich masere, rimwe nerimwe aivapo kubva 5 kusvika 40 makore: Khortytsia, Tomakovskaya, Bazavlutskaya, Nikitinskaya, Chertomlytskaya, Kamensky, Aloshkovskaya uye Podpolnenskaya.

Ndezvipi netsika vakakunda ikoko? It inozivikanwa Somuenzaniso, kuti kuteerera muna Sech varume aifanira kuva akasununguka, asina kuroorwa, muna Ukrainian achiti pachena Orthodox (kana christened mu chechi kutenda). Pashure kuitwa pakati Cossacks, iye aifanira kunodzidziswa zvechiuto, urwo rwakatora makore manomwe.

The chete simba kumusasa waiva Batsirai, izvo mapedzere mibvunzo yose inokosha. Batsirai akapfuura October 1, ipapo January 1 uye pazuva Easter rechipiri kana yechitatu. Uyewo, paramende inogona paKokorodzano chero nguva akumbirwa vakawanda Cossacks. Zvisarudzo wokurera ari Paramende mutemo unoti munhu wose.

The nenzanga pakati Cossacks pakati Zaporozhye Sech ainzi Kosh. Paaibuda ane 38 fodya, inova yoga uto dzakabatana. Mumwe kuren waibva makumi wandei yakawanda mazana Cossack. Uyezve, shoko "kusvuta" aiva mumwe rinoreva - ". Rechiuto kari" vakadanwa kuti chivako chokugara, umo makanga

Pasinei chokwadi kuti zvose Pazvisarudzo akatorwa panguva rad, Zaporizhzhya sich aiva chitsauko, inova ataman. Kuwedzera pabasa rayo guru, aiva nekodzero nemasaini mitsara rufu nokuda vaishungurudza ari Cossacks. Zvikurukuru mhosva dzakaipisisa ndedzinotevera: kuuraya mumwe Cossack Cossack; upi, kunyange zviduku, kuba; vanorwa apo akadhakwa; yokurega; zvaibiwa kwakaenderera vomunzvimbo yacho.

About Zaporozhye Cossacks, kushinga kwavo, ushingi, non-mureza nzira hondo dzaiva yakawanda ngano. Uye chokwadi chinoramba - vaizobudirira kukunda simba, vakawanda uye zvakanaka-nezvombo vavengi.

Muna 1775, ivo Russian Empress Catherine II akasaina Manifesto, maererano izvo Zaporizhzhya sich, kwete chete kuparadzwa, asi pamutemo richiverengerwawo kuna Novorossiysk mupurovhinzi, tichipedzisira self Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. Zvikonzero Chisarudzo ichi yenhamo kwaibva zviitiko zvakawanda.

Chekutanga, Russia yava yakasainwa pamwe Crimean Khanate kondirakiti pamusoro pacho vakagamuchira kuwana kweGungwa Dema, saka vaifanira kudzivirira kumaodzanyemba miganhu akanyangarika. Uye chechipiri, kuti Cossacks aishingaira muchirongwa pokupanduka Pugachev, saka Catherine II aitya kuti kumukira kupararira uye Zaporizhzhya steppes.

June 5, 1775 vakatanga wakashata liquidation Zaporizhzhya sich. Mauto Russian vaitungamirirwa General-refutenendi Peter akasvika Zaporozhye tekere usiku. Vakanonga rimwe zuva apo Cossacks vaipemberera girini yuletide uye havana vakagadzirira kurwa. Maererano migumisiro sarudzo Tekeli Zaporizhzhya sich akanga aisa pasina kurwa. Chefuma uye zvakachengetedzwa zvakatorwa. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru Zaporizhzhya sich rakaparadzwa atirari zvachose.

Mushure liquidation ayo sich Cossacks wevashumiri varwi vehondo wokuRussia, uye yaimbova sajeni vakava vanokudzwa. Peter Kalnyshevsky, wokupedzisira ataman Zaporozhye Sech, akasungwa akaendeswa Solovetsky wemamongi, apo akapedza guva makore 28 kusvikira pakufa kwake. Vamwe Cossacks vakasiya kuti Turkey, kwavainzwa nheyo Danubian sich, iro akakwanisa kuomerera kusvikira 1828. Transdanubia Cossacks vakarwa kudivi Turkey, uyewo muchirongwa kudzvinyirira yokumukira.