Peter Kalnyshevsky: Biography. Canonization jinda Petra Kalnyshevskogo

Peter Kalnyshevsky - nomukurumbira Ataman Zaporizhzhya sich, riri rokupedzisira munhoroondo iri Cossack zvokuvhoterwa akambomisa ichi hofisi mukuru. Nokuti mabasa akaita panguva upenyu uyu, mushure nokuongorora Dzvene Revafundisi of Ukrainian Orthodox Church of mushumo synoidal Commission nokuda Zvinokonzera Saints, akaremekedzwa somusande. Akarurama Petra Kalnyshevskogo rokuyeuchidza November 13 pakarenda yaGregory, zuva rokufa kwake. Paakanga akagara murume uyu, uye chii nezvishamiso kuti mumwaka hwake, ndechokuti akaremekedzwa somusande? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu achaedza kupa nyaya.

Kutanga rwendo rwoupenyu

Kalnyshevsky Peter Ivanovich aiva womunyika musha Pustovoytovka, riri mu Sumy munharaunda (Ukraine). Gore aberekwa - 1691. Zvinosuruvarisa munhau zvinenge hapana akachengetedzwa mashoko pamusoro wake uduku. Facts makore ake okutanga yasimbiswa chete vakaona asi nyaya kuti vanhu vakanga vakapfuura vachibva nomuromo.

Zvinonzi chete anozivikanwa kuti akazvarwa mumhuri Cossack. Nokukurumidza yakanga chirikadzi mai vake, uye Petro makore 8 zera vakasvika sich. Kana ichi ichokwadi kana ngano - haizivikanwi. akapinda yokuvanda Cossacks sei, zvakare, haisi kuzivikanwa.

In Zaporozhye Petr Kalnyshevsky dzidzo yokutanga zvakanga chikoro pachechi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti apo dzidzo yaiva basa rake basa ramangwana chero Cossack. In Zaporozhye dzimwe kereke zvikoro zvinoverengeka akazarurwa, apo zvidzidzo yaiitwa nevamiririri wevafundisi.

Authentic chokuti rechiuto nebasa akatanga kuva nyore squire. Asati ava ataman, aiva konoro uye kufora 1752 nokuda 1761, uye uto esaul muna 1754, uye mutongi rechiuto kubva 1763 kusvika 1765

Kalnyshevsky aiva matarenda chaizvo mutungamiriri nemauto, asingatyi murwi, ane manomano enyika; Aiziva zvakawanda uye akakwanisa. Hazvishamisi kuti nokukurumidza akanga paakavapa mutsva uto chinzvimbo - refutenendi mukuru.

Kalnyshevsky aizivikanwa mudare. Kanopfuura kamwe, akanga musoro Cossack nevamiririri venyika sezvo Peter I uye Ekaterina II.

1762 yakachinja muupenyu hwake - Kalnyshevsky akasarudzwa ataman.

chokutanga chieftanship

Peter Kalnyshevsky, ane Biography akapfuma nezviitiko zvikuru munhau, akasarudzwa Ataman pane kamwe. hofisi yake yokutanga kusarudzwa ainzi: "The ataman - mutyairi wehondo yose." Panguva chinzvimbo ichi Cossacks vanosarudza chitsauko zvavo pakati bravest uye kupfuura seshasha ruzivo vakuru.

Kokutanga Kalnyshevsky Ataman aipedza vakasvimha. mukurumbira wake pakati Cossacks yakanga kwazvo. Iye amubvisa kubva chinzvimbo ichi Catherine II sezvo hurumende zvakaipa.

chechipiri chieftanship

Peter Kalnyshevsky akanga saka airemekedzwa muuto Cossack, kuti Cossacks havasi kunyange kutya vaputse nezvomurau Queen. Kusiyana kuda Catherine II, Cossack vakuru zvakare kusarudzwa kwaari ataman yavo. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1764.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, sezvo jinda Kalnyshevsky achishingaira yakatanga muna Zaporozhye mombe maberekero uye kurima. Aida kuwedzera uwandu vakawanda munharaunda iyi yakabatsira vanhuwo zvavo akatiza vatenzi vavo. With ake rutsigiro uye kuitawo pamusoro Cossacks kazhinji akavhiringidza Tatars akasunungurwa pakutapwa vomunyika dzavo. Ataman vakazoroorwa akasarudzwa kuti nyika yavo Zaporozhye.

Nokuda Kalnyshevsky nokukurumidza Zaporizhia inowanzorimwa vawana misha zvitsva zvakawanda. Peter Kalnyshevsky pachake akava mumwe vakapfuma vanhu muUkraine. Akanga muridzi mumisha mizhinji uye kumapurazi, neminda mafuro, vaiva zviuru zvakawanda mombe mombe.

Kalnyshevsky akaburuka munhau sezvo yakakurumbira philanthropist. mari yake yakanga yakavakwa machechi uye netemberi mumaguta akawanda wokuUkraine nemisha.

Kalnyshevsky uye Catherine II

Catherine II airidza basa guru kwete chete muna kutapwa Kalnyshevsky, iye akaisa ruoko rwake kuti kuparadzwa yose Zaporizhzhya sich. Asi ichi ichakurukurwa pashure.

Panguva ino, zvinozivikanwa kuti pane imwe nguva Kalnyshevsky, kuva chikamu Cossacks vakatumwa vacho muruvazhe, akatora mukana kusangana yokuRussia vakakwirira uye kumisa nedzenyu ukama unobatsira Vakazvivakira unhu.

Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti pamusoro nguva Kalnyshevsky Peter Ivanovich akava mumwe vakapfuma uye simba zvikuru vanhu muUkraine. Sezvo jinda, akanga vakakokwa kugadzwa zviri Catherine II.

Zvaakanyora Zvinofadza chaizvo uye kuzivikanwa mambokadzi, asi izvozvo hazvina kuchinja kusarudza kubvisa naye kubva kuhofisi Kalnyshevsky Ataman Cossack Uto (ndiro rokutanga Kalnyshevsky kubviswa kubva kuhofisi). Imwe shanduro chiitiko ichi kare, anoti mambokadzi vaisada vaishingaira chaizvo Colonisation munyika ataman Zaporizhzhya sich.

Apo Kalnyshevsky kusarudzwa kechipiri, varayirwa Queen akanga kunyange akasikwa rinokosha dhipatimendi kuferefeta, iyo wakaipa zvikonzero kuti achizvidzwa youmambo dare ushingiwo yakadaro. Ndiani anoziva kuti vapedza kuferefeta uye vangani nezvinangwa vaizo "nendege pasi kubva scaffold," kana kwete hondo pakati Russia uye Turkey.

Russian-Turkish hondo

Royal dare aiziva kuti Cossack mauto kunogona kubatsira zvikuru kukunda vokuTurkey, kwete bedzi Cossacks vaiva mutsindo basa hondo. Catherine II akanga asina sarudzo, asi "maziso avo" kune nemaune sarudzo Cossacks Kalnyshevsky, iye akamanikidzwa kuti urarame chokuti wake kuda haana akaurayiwa.

Chaiva chokwadi chokuti kuva chihombe kwechirwere, uyewo upfumi, Kalnyshevsky nguva dzose akaramba ataman kusvikira zuva rokupedzisira kuvapo sich. Gore negore kwemakore 10, yakanga mutungamiri wake waakasarudza.

MuRussia, hondo pamwe Turkey Cossack hondo akaratidza chete nezvakanakisisa ruoko. Mambokadzi akafara chaizvo uye akanyunyuta muchinda Cossack uto chinzvimbo refutenendi mukuru. Mukuwedzera, jinda Peter Kalnyshevsky vakagamuchira zita Chevalier of Order of Russian Empire - Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Sich: kuguma nhoroondo

Zaporozhtsy vaiva varwi basa, vakatsigira Russia iri hondo Turkey. Asi mudare ramambo mafungiro kwavari zvainyatsokonzerwa kunaka; asi Cossacks vaionekwa vapanduki. Nepo nokuti Russia yakanga ngozi kubva Tatars, Zaporozhye hondo aibvumira uye kugamuchirwa, asi pashure kusaina imwe yorugare sungano Crimean Khanate Empress akasarudza kubvisa pakati Cossacks. Prince Potemkin akanga chirevo pamusoro pokuparadzwa Zaporizhzhya sich. Saka, muna May 1755 mubati Potemkin Tekeli vakakomba mauto ake sich.

Kana Cossacks vakanga vakaisa pfuti, vakanga akatanga kuti Empress wokuti, izvo vaibata kuti sich - chinotyisidzira umambo. Asi vahosi dai kuva vakanaka, tichiyeuka chii rubatsiro aiva Cossacks muhondo pamwe vokuTurkey, iye aida kuenda kune vanoshuva kugara kumusasa kusiya mauto basa iri uye kuita kurima.

On Cossack Council, I taenda Kalnyshevsky, kwakasarudzwa kudzivisa ropa nemishonga. Kasiri kare, kuti Cossacks vakarwa takabatana wokuRussia pamusoro Tatars.

Chisarudzo ichi chaiva chokwadi chokuti sich rakaparadzwa zvachose uye havasisipo.

The mberi njodzi Kalnyshevsky

Kalnyshevskiy Petr Ivanovich, ane Biography zvapera rakatenderera idzva, akabatwa uye akatorwa ngaatarire kuna St. Petersburg. jinda Vaimbove akatongwa ne Military Collegium. Nokuti kuteerera mirairo hurumende iye akawanikwa nemhosva.

Zvino vanyori vakaisa mberi shanduro kuti zvabva kuti Kalnyshevsky aida kuva muvambi mumwe sich zvachose itsva, apo Cossacks uye yose Petty Officer aizova akavimbika kwaari chete.

Kalnyshevsky, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva nemakore 85 okuberekwa, akatongerwa rufu. Potemkin pachake vakakonaniranarozve kurangwa kutsiva imwe Cossack jinda sharu muutapwa kwoupenyu hwose muna Solovki wemamongi.

Solovetsky yemamongi

Potemkin vachishanyirwa aiva nesimba, uye Peter Kalnyshevsky okupedzisira ataman akanga akatsunga mujeri nokuti ngozi villains, yaiva mundima Solovetsky wemamongi.

Sezvo jinda vaiona kunyanya ngozi nokuda yose Russian Empire tsotsi, akanga kunyimwa kodzero pakukurukurirana uye pakunyora tsamba. Saka, Kalnyshevsky akaiswa mujeri nemauto sezviri 25 makore.

Nepo vamwe vasungwa vose wemamongi kurindwa nevakuru 2 murindi, Kalnyshevsky akagadza 4. Akabvumirwa kusiya nzvimbo kusungwa 3 pagore, pamazororo huru dzechitendero: Chitarisiko Ishe wedu, neIsita. Mazuva ano akapinda kunamata.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Potemkin uye Catherine II vachiri vakamirira-makore 85 saka kure. zvirimo vakanga dzinounzwa mari yakawanda, akanga vaiona ane musungwa unokudzwa. Zvisinei kudada Koschevoi haana panguva yake muutapwa haana ikwidzwe chero chikumbiro kana Empress kana vake vadyi venhaka. Uyezve, kuva noutano hwakanaka, akanga nematambudziko ari Potemkin uye Catherine.

kuregedzera

Petru Kalnyshevskomu aiva nemakore 110 okuberekwa kana muzukuru Catherine asarudza kumusunungura. Achiri Ataman vakakokwa kusarudza nzvimbo mamwe pokugara. With yakadaro seane uchenjeri zera, mutana, kunyange zvazvo akanga atova bofu, asi akaramba ari pfungwa yakajeka. Akangoti akaonga kuti kusunungurwa (kucherechedza, kwete pasina imwe dose kwendyaringo) uye akanga ndokumubvunza mvumo kurarama munyika iyo nzvimbo akanga ajaira makore 25 mujeri.

Kalnyshevsky: pamusoro chitendero

Kuva ataman, Kalnyshevsky ndewechinamato kwazvo. Vasingaverengi naye aida kuchengeta mamongi vakateerera zano vatungamiriri pakunamata.

Panguva hwake aiva initiator uye muvaki machechi akawanda. mari yake, machechi akawanda makagamuchira mutsva midziyo chechi.

Kuva musungwa Solovki wemamongi, iye scored utsvene hwake uye kuzvininipisa.

Mushure rusununguko Kalnyshevsky akararama kwemakore 2 years. Muna 1803, akavigwa pedyo chitarisiko Cathedral, munharaunda wemamongi. Zvinosuruvarisa yemakuva iri mhare jinda racho yepakutanga muchimiro haana kurarama, nokuti muna 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore ari mundima, kwaakagara Ataman, mutirongo rakazotanga zvakare, asi panguva ino nyika neSoviet vavengi.

Sezvo yemakuva jinda vakagara mujeri vanhu nyore wakasimwa minda, guva rakaparadzwa pasi. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo zvave kuwanikwa uye kudzorerwa dombo repaguva zvichiratidza kuti pasi rino akavigwa Kalnyshevsky.

Peter Kalnyshevsky: canonization

Ndinotenda zvizvarwa usakanganwa mutungamiriri mukuru. On guva rake shongwe. pamwe mufananidzo Lika Koshevogo.

November 13, 2015 Kalnyshevsky, nemhaka kuvafarira uye kuedza Ukrainian Orthodox Church pasi Moscow Patriarchate akanga somusande.

Kubva zvino, St. Peter Kalnyshevsky unoremekedzwa zuva kutapurirana yake imwe nyika - 13 November. Maererano netsika Orthodoxy, munamato chaiwo mufananidzo ane chiso musande kunge yakatanga.

Pausiku pamusoro canonization pakati Petra Kalnyshevskogo Metropolitan pakati Kiev uye All Ukraine Onufry yakanyorerwa Holiness Wake Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia Kirill achikumbira zvikomborero kuzviwanira zvisaririra nejinda kukuru uye tama navo kumba kwake - muna Zaporozhye.

Pashure kufamba kubva 14 dioceses vapristi akaimba yokunamata, panguva iyo Petro somusande Kalnyshevsky. Zvisaririra mutsvene, nevafundisi chisarudzo vachava Mutsvene neMhandara Protection Cathedral.