The vakachenjera muGirisi yekare. The vakachenjera manomwe Greece yekare

Uchenjeri nezivo kwagara chaizvo mune zvinenge zvose magariro evanhu. Zvino pakutanga haisi nhaka ruzivo, uye mano yakakodzera kushandisa. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi njere. The Dzinde European mutsika anoonekwa kuti Hellas. Panyaya iyi, hazvishamisi kuti ichi Greek vakachenjera vekare vaiona wokutanga chiedza kudzidza murima apo mamwe marudzi ose Old World. Zvinonzi zvoga kwavari systematize vaunganidza kusvikira vanhu ruzivo uye vasinganyatsooni wayo muenzaniso upenyu hwake.

Sezvo makarekare vanhu vakaedza kusimbisa zvikuru vamiririri vanhu. More munguva dzekare dzainzi vakachenjera nomwe muGirisi yekare, munhu pamusoro pfungwa vaGiriki vaiva mukuru huwandu ruzivo. mari iyi haina akasarudzwa netsaona. Nhamba "nomwe" ane chitsvene uye rechitendero zvaanoreva. Asi kana nhamba geniuses kumbochinja, mazita avo vakashandura zvichienderana nenguva uye nzvimbo dzinocherwa kukwira pasi. We achiripo dzimwe nzira dzake, anoonekwa navachenjeri Greece yekare.

mazita Plato

Maererano nengano, vakachenjera nomwe Greece rekare nezita muAtene panguva archon Damas muna 582 BC. e. Wekutanga yakakurumbira pasi hwakawanda huripo, akasiyiwa ari IV remakore BC. e. muzivi huru Plato munhaurirano yake "Protagoras". Ndiani yaisanganisira pazvinhu izvi, uye akakurumbira nomwe vakachenjera muGirisi yekare?

Thales pamusoro Mireto (640 -. 546 BC)

Thales aiva mumwe vazivi yokutanga yekare uye muvambi inonzi reIonia School. Akaberekerwa muguta paMireto, iri Asia Minor, kuti nharaunda kweTurkey yemazuva ano, apo akawana zita remadunhurirwa rokuti ake. Kuwedzera uzivi, iye yabudirira ruzivo chaihwo nezvenyeredzi uye geometry, kuburikidza pakudzidza nhaka vaIjipiti Mesopotamian nyanzvi. Zvinonzi ndiye weboka pakarenda gore mazuva 365. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvose pfungwa uye mashoko Thales pamusoro kuMireto vakauya kwatiri chete kuburikidza zvakanyorwa nevazivi akazotevera.

Solon veAteni (640 - 559 BC.)

Solon - yakakurumbira vomuAtene muzivi, mudetembi uye muparamende. Maererano nengano, iye aibva youshe dzinza Kodridov, asi pasinei ichi, vabereki vake vakanga vanhu vane yakaderera mari. Ipapo Solon akakwanisa kuita mhanza, uye akazova enyika anokosheswa chaizvo muAtene. Zvinonzi vaiona musiki kuDemocratic mitemo dzinenge kuchinja muguta rino yakatora makore akawanda. Pakazopera hwake nokuzvidira akabva simba. Solon uyewo zvikuru chaizvo chaizvo vomuzuva rake sezvo nyanduri uye anofunga. On nyaya Lydian mambo Croesus, Solon kana mumwe munhu anopfuura iye anoziva, vaAtene muzivi akapindura kuti izvi zvinogona chete vachatongwa pashure porufu.

Kutsvetera pamusoro Priene (590 -. Makore 530 BC)

Kutsvetera zvichida zvimwe enigmatic mufananidzo pane vamwe varume vakachenjera Greece yekare. About hwake zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Aiva mutongi muguta Priene, rwakazokura nomukurumbira zvisarudzo ake akachenjera, uye kamwe kunyange akaponesa musha guta Lydian mambo Alliata. Asi kana musha wake akakunda mutongi wePersia Koreshi, rerekero kusiya musha, hapana asina kutora.

Pittacus Mitilensky (651 - 569 BC.)

Pittacus aiva akakurumbira somuzivi mukuru uye muchinda Asia guta Minor yose Mytilene. Tiranobortsa vaiwana mukurumbira kuburikidza kusunungura kumusha kubva vanodzvinyirirwa Melanhra. Uyewo inozivikanwa se chinoshamisa muparamende. dictum ake kuti kunotozongoita regai nharo, kunyange vamwari zvikuru kwazvo kukosheswa, kufanana nezvimwe aphorisms kuti vakachenjera muGirisi yekare. Nokuzvidira akasiya simba.

Zvose pamusoro nevafungi uye vazivi kuiswawo pakati pemazita ose vakachenjera manomwe Greece yekare iri zvachose mune shanduro dzose. Vakanzi kuzotaura pazasi, dzakaisirwa mune Platonic shanduro mazita avakuru vari Greece nedzimwe compilers. Kunyange zvakadaro, havana kuwana zvose mazita vakaitwa vakachenjera nomwe Greece yekare.

Cleobulus kubva Linda (540 - 460 BC)

Cleobulus maererano imwe shanduro vakabva Linda kuti kuRodzi, uye yechipiri - kubva Caria muAsia Minor. baba vake aiva Evagor, uyo aionekwa wedzinza Heracles. Iye vaiwana mukurumbira sezvo mutongi akachenjera uye akaronga, akavaka temberi muna Linde uye akavaka mvura nenyere. Uyezve, Cleobulus wakakurumbira ari kunyora nziyo uye tsanzira Puzzles. Mwanasikana wake Cleobulina uyewo pane imwe nguva yainzi zvikuru vakambovhenekerwa nevazivi.

Missoni kubva Hen (VI BC.)

Missoni, pasinei nokuti baba vake aiva mubati Henah kana Itii, rakasarudzwa akazvigadzirira nyarara uye aifungisisa upenyu muzivi, kure madding revanhu. Most wakakurumbira sezvo munyori mukuru mashoko, vamwe vakanga vakakodzera kupinda nhamba 7 mashoko vakachenjera muGirisi yekare. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti waibatanidzwa ndandanda vakachenjera vanhu Plato pamusoro enyika chikonzero.

Chilo pamusoro Sparta (VI BC.)

Chilo - akakurumbira Spartan mudetembi uye muparamende. Akashumira sezvo Ephorus. Muhofisi vakabatsira pakatanga mitemo yakawanda mberi kuti vakazonzi aitwa Lycurgus. It Chilo, maererano vakararama, akanga azere zvahunoreva, asi zvakasiyana Kupfupika, tsika chepfungwa vakawanda Spartans. Zvinonzi anonzi kwaari achiti nezvevakafa vanhu havana kutaura zvakaipa.

List pamusoro Diogenes Laertius

Kunze Plato Donongodzo yakanakisisa anozivikanwa list, iyo inosanganisira vakachenjera nomwe muGirisi yekare, munhu akakurumbira dzakaitika uzivi Diogenes Laertius, uyo zvimwe akararama mukunopera II-mangwanani III remakore. BC Musiyano chete pakati Pamazita ichi kubva yaivapo pakuti, panzvimbo Missoni rinosanganisira mudzvinyiriri vokuKorinde Periander. Mamwe masayendisiti anodavira ichi ndicho yepakutanga mazita, pasinei nokuti Diogenes akararama zvikuru gare gare Plato. gangaidzo Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nokuti yokupedzisira nokuda kwayo kurambwa vanodzvinyirirwa, aigona kunze ndandanda Periander, uye anosanganisira asinganyanyi kuzivikanwa Missoni. Diogenes uyewo basa rake vakashandisa bhuku yakawanda yekare.

Mazita vose vakachenjera zvakakura zvose mazita.

Periander Corinth (667 - 585 BC.)

Periander, mubati Corinth, zvichida - zvikuru gakava ndeuke zvose nomwe vakachenjera muGirisi yekare. Kudivi rimwe, zvinonzi zvinoshamisa mupfungwa, muvambi raiva guru uye muvaki, upgraded vakakakatira mhiri nekamukwavarara raiparadzanisa Peloponnesian kweItari kubva yakaoma, uye akatanga kuvaka mugero therethrough. Uyezve, Periander sevasingafungi unyanzvi, uye zvikuru akasimbisa hondo, izvo akabvumira muKorinde simuka tamboita. Asi Ukuwo, vanyori venhau dzakaitika anorondedzera kwaari kwese ane utsinye anodzvinyirira, kunyanya yechipiri yezana bhodhi.

Maererano nengano, Periander vakafa chii aisagona kutsungirira rufu mwanakomana wake, raakanga mhosva naro.

mamwe mazita

The ndandanda vamwe vanyori kuramba kuchinja chete Thales mazita Solon, kusasarura uye Pittacus. Unhu vamwe vakachenjera dzingasiyana uye akasiyana yekudyidzana kubva maviri shanduro chaiwo.

Acusilaus (VI remakore BC.) - ndero wenhau Herodotus uyo akararama kare. By mavambo Dorian. Tsika anoratidza kuti iye wokutanga basa nhoroondo yakanyorwa prose.

Anaxagoras (500 - 428 BCE ...) - muzivi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu kuzivikanwa kubva Asia Minor. Uyewo aiita zvenyeredzi. Ndakaedza kutsanangura nemamiriro wezvose.

Anaharsis (605 - 545 BC.) - muSitiya somuzivi. Ndakanga pachangu Aingoziva Solon uye Lydian mambo Croesus. Iye samba armature kuvamba, maseiri uye vhiri yomuumbi. Uyezve, Anacharsis inozivikanwa zvinokosha mashoko. Akanga vakaurayiwa vaSitiya nekuti wokurera ndero tsika. Chokwadi ivepo Anoiswa mubvunzo nemasayendisiti akawanda.

Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras (570 - 490 BC.) - akakurumbira muzivi wechiGiriki uye geometry. Naye ari dzakabatanidza akakurumbira theorem no pamusoro kuenzana ari pamakona ari Triangle zvakanaka. Uyezve, ndiye muvambi wechikoro kwouzivi dzakazova zita Pythagorean. Akafa akwegura ari rufu rwake.

Uyezve, pakati peavo zvakanyorwa vakachenjera muGirisi yekare, unogona kudana Forekida mazita Aristodemus, Lina, Ephorus, Lhasa, Epimenides, Leofanta, Pamphilus, Epicharmus cheKosi, Pisistratus uye Orpheus.

Mazano kuiswawo pakati pemazita

Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti mazita vakachenjera varume nevaGiriki raisanganisira vamiririri siyana mabasa, asi vakawanda vacho vaiva vazivi. Kunyange, chaizvoizvo, nyaya kuti vanogona chokubatanidza nomumwe basa rinokosha - kudzidza masvomhu, nezvenyeredzi, dzinongoitika sainzi, hurumende-kudzorwa. Zvisinei, anenge ose nesayenzi panguva iyoyo zvakabatana chaizvo nouzivi.

Magwaro acho anogona zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvingasiyana kubva maviri anonzi dzenhoroondo shanduro. Muzviitiko zvakawanda mazita chaiwo yaisanganisira mavari, kuvimba nenzvimbo dzokugara uye enyika chavanopinda yacho Muvambi. Saka, Plato, pachena, nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi kunze kubva vakachenjera zvikuru mudzvinyiriri vokuKorinde Periander.

Kwete nguva dzose nevaGiriki kupa ari mazita nevafungi zvikuru. Pane dzimwe nguva yaisanganisira vamiririri mamwe marudzi, akadai vaGiriki muSitiya Anacharsis.

Kukosha wenyaya nhasi

Chokwadi, vachiedza kuratidza vaGiriki pakati dzepamusorosoro vamiririri uye kuronga mumwe rokutanga nemarudzi adzo munyika yekare. Nokudzidza aya, tinogona kutaurira chii unhu vaiona chinokosha munyika yekare uye hwakabatana nouchenjeri. Zvakakosha kuti uzive pfungwa idzi vavaGiriki, kuti kukwanisa kutarira kuburikidza meso murume ano pamusoro Kushanduka pfungwa iyi kwemazana emakore.

MuRussia, kudzidza rutivi urwu kosi yechikoro ari dzinounzwa imwevo topic - ". The vakachenjera muGreece yekare" Grade 5 ndiyo yakanakisisa nguva kudzidzisa omumwe mibvunzo yakadaro inokosha.