P. I. Chaykovsky - makore oupenyu. Makore oupenyu Tchaikovsky muna Klin

Tchaikovsky, zvichida - the akaita kupfuura Vanyori munyika. mumhanzi yake muchinangwa ose pakona nyika. Tchaikovsky - haisi unyanzvi Munyori, iye - the shasha, umo munhu vakabudirira pamwe chipo naMwari isingasvavi okusika simba. Zvakanga iye akamuita kutaura zvakare uye zvakare kuvanhu. Akasarudza kutaura navo nomutauro mimhanzi yake haufi. Nhasi, pashure inopfuura zana remakore, vanhu vakawanda vanoziva mumhanzi rake mwoyo. 11 operas, 3 ballets, 9 mimhanzi yaunonyanya kuti chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo nezvinobvamo, 7 symphonies, 5 Inn, 11 Concerts, vazhinji orchestral mabasa uye opuses - uye ichi ndicho chinhu kukwana mazita mabasa ake. Vazhinji pfungwa kuti Tchaikovsky aiva upenyu refu. Kunyange mumhanzi zvikoro vadzidzi, vanoziva Musi chaiwo wakazvarwa pakati munyori mukuru, pakutanga chikumbiro vadzidzisi - "kupinda makore oupenyu hwake Tchaikovsky", vanowanzoita 1840-1920 kana 1930. Hapana anogona kufunga kuti upenyu munyori mukuru akanga pfupi. Akafa nemakore 53 kubva korera.

Biography makore okutanga. Legend nezvekwakabva surnames

The hunoshamisa Russian Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky akaberekwa muna 1840 mumwedzi May ari kure Ural taundi Votkinsk. baba vake - Ilya Petrovich aiva injiniya mugodhi. Pane uchapupu hwokuti madzitateguru guru muimbi wacho yemadzibaba vakazvarirwa Ukraine. mhuri Tchaikovsky kubva kumarudzi namarudzi kubudikidza yezvechitendero nezvemavambo mazita avo. Mumwe amadzitateguru ake - Kazak Emelyan - kusiyaniswa chakanakisisa nzeve mimhanzi, uye vaigona kutevedzera manzwi shiri. Paaiva muchikepe, akabva vakatevedzera manzwi gulls, uye nokukurumidza pashure ngarava akamhanya rongedza yose, uye panguva madutu, shiri idzi vakabatsira chikepe zvakanaka kushambira, kumahombekombe. Imhaka ichi Kazak Emelyan ashandira remadunhu- "The Gaviota", iro akazova zita mhando.

Makore oupenyu Chaykovskogo Petra Ilicha: yokutanga nguva

Mhuri Ilya Petrovich aiva nevana vanomwe, vashanu iyo - vanakomana 2 nevanasikana. Tchaikovsky akararama vabudirire zvizere, nekuti baba mhuri chaiva mupfumi uye mumwe kupfuura Russian simbi makambani. Panguva iyoyo akanga kukuchidzira guru ounyanzvi, I vachiuya dzemitambo, aida kutamba uye kunyange kuridza kunonakidza nenyere. Matron AA Assier, aiva mavambo Franco-German. Raiva muenzaniso rokunyika mukadzi pezana remakore rechi19 kwechokwadi. Alexandra Andreevna, kufanana murume, akanga asina hanya unyanzvi. Vamwe manheru iye vairidza piyano nekuimba inzwi rake kuenderana. Muchidimbu, makore eupenyu Peter Tchaikovsky okutanga zvaiitirwa pave kunamata mumhanzi. In musha wavo, kunze mai vangu kufarira piyano, akanga Orchestrino. It chave gadziriro yokutanga guru munyori nziyo nefemero. Mukuwedzera, mumba mavo kazhinji kufamba pasi yomunharaunda intelligentsia - Orchestrino teerera, kutamba mumhanzi. Nokudaro, Tchaikovsky imba nenguva isipi sechinhu pakati Votkinsk intelligentsia, uye makore eupenyu P. Tchaikovsky mangwanani uye akataura zviri pave munyaya mumhanzi.

kutanga matanho

Tchaikovsky, munyori paakanga nokuyeuka ake pauduku, akabvuma kuti kunyange akanyarara akanzwa mumhanzi. Iye aigara hwamanda musoro wake. Pakutanga, zvaiita kuti akanga achimutevera, uye akatambudzika iye zvishoma. Nokuti iye akanga asingakwanisi kunyora mutinhimira vachiridza mumusoro wake, mukomana akauya mwoyo uye akatanga kuchema. Izvi, Chokwadi, hanya chaizvo vabereki vake. Little Petya akatanga kutevedzera mutambo piyano zvinhu chero wakatsetseka. Kamwe iye "aitamba" pamusoro girazi pamusoro, ridzai munwe chakasimba kuti girazi yakatyoka, uye ruoko rwake akatendeuka yakadzika akagerwa ... Nokukurumidza, vabereki vake akasarudza kuti akudanirei kumba Peter mudzidzisi pamusoro piyano ane anosetsa zita Palchikova. Iye aimbova serf, uye nokuzvidzora vakadzidzisa. Mukomana akanga nokukurumidza kukwanisa kubata mudzidzisi wake uye akava virtuoso kuridza chiridzwa. Ndiani aigona wafungidzira kuti zvishoma Petya - kuzvipira akadzidzisa nhare mudzidzi - nokukurumidza kuva mumwe mukuru Vanyori munhoroondo weclassical, uye nokukurumidza yose izive zita rake - Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Makore hwake, kunyanya nguva yokutanga, vakazara marimba zvakaitika, izvo zvechokwadi vakabatsira wayo hwagadzwa uye sezvo kunyora.

The chidimbu chokutanga

Yeshe vaduku chaizvo mukomana akaedza kugadzira mimhanzi. Wokutanga chaizvo mabasa kubudikidza Tchaikovsky, rakatiwira - duku piyano waltz "Anastasia-waltz", raakanga yakatsaurirwa mudzidzisi wake Anastasia. basa iri dzaakanyora muna gumi nemana. Pasinei nokuti mukomana aida kuratidza nezvinhu zvose zvinoreva mumhuri kubatanidzwa munyika mimhanzi, vabereki vangu vakasarudza kuti anofanira kuwana mutemo wake dhigirii. Asi ichi, chokwadi, hazvina kumutadzisa kuva Munyori, uye nyika vaiziva kuti Tchaikovsky. Makore oupenyu munyori ari muduku munguva waiita vamwe anodhinda nemaitiro ake. Muna 1850, apo akanga vakazodzingwa pamba uye kuenda kuchikoro muSt Petersburg, akanga chaizvo kunetseka pamusoro pokusiyana mai vake, waaida rudo zvikuru ne musha ane uye kumicheto. 4 Makore pashure paizvozvo, akawana yakakura kuvhunduka: korera rufu mai vake. Zvino akasiya chaizvo mweya wake hwose. Tchaikovsky okupedzisira makore, kunyanya pamberi rufu, kazhinji anoyeuka mai vake. Sezviri pachena, zvakanga dombo rakaoma, nekuti Peter Ilyich, uyewo yaro mubereki, vakafa korera.

kudzidza

Pyotr Ilyich aiva mudzidzi akanaka akanaka, asi iye akadzidza hafu-heartedly, asi kukwezvana ake mimhanzi akaratidzwa zuva roga roga. Kuva inonyatsoshanda chaizvo munhu, panguva imwecheteyo hanya kuti zvaitika mwanakomana wake, baba vake, akasarudza vanoripira mudzidzisi Peter anozivikanwa mu nziyo yeChina - Kyundingera. Uye ichi, zvichida, aiva danho rekutanga kuberekwa munyori wacho nyeredzi, iyo yava kuzivikanwa mune pamakona ose apasi. Zvechokwadi, uyo nhasi vasingazivi ani Peter Tchaikovsky!? Makore ake upenyu munguva pauduku, kwakaitika St. Petersburg, vaiva vapfumi uye yakajeka, izvo zvakonzerawo kuunganidza mumusoro make nefemero zhinji. Vose mune ramangwana vakanga kunooneka pamabasa ake ose shasha.

"Kunzwisisa" pamwe Mozart

Tchaikovsky akashanda Kyundingerom anenge makore matatu. Zvisinei, mubvunzo wokuti Ilya Petrovich, kana mwanakomana wake kutsaurira upenyu hwake kuna mumhanzi, mudzidzisi akadzungudza musoro wake uye akati haana kuona pfungwa. Muchidimbu, Kyundinger aigona asinganzwisise kuti inotarisana ramangwana munyori mukuru Tchaikovsky. Makore oupenyu izvozvo rakaenderana nguva kubudirira mune Russian dhanzi Genre. Kamwe muMoscow, akauya chokupika "Don Giovanni" by Mozart guru. Young Petro akashamiswa nezvaakaona nokunzwa. Rest hwake hwaiva munyori akanga kwaari chiremera chikuru munyika mumhanzi. Zvakazoitwa makore Tchaikovsky muupenyu vakanga azadzwa simba basa guru Mozart. Pyotr Ilyich kamwe akabvuma kuti nemhaka "Don Giovanni", akasarudza kupedza upenyu hwake kwaari rwaChangamire Music.

Tchaikovsky - Lawyer

Ndapedza kubva kukoreji, kuwana dhigirii jurisprudence, Pyotr Ilyich akava mushandi Bazi Justice. Tchaikovsky makore oupenyu panguva akanga mushandi wehurumende, vakanga omrachneny pfungwa hwokusagutsikana. Young Peter akanga kusagadzikana mune zvakatipoteredza ichi. Iye akachema kurashikirwa mikana, pamusoro tarenda, iyo, vari zvaanofunga, nguva yapera kutanga. By nguva ino Russia, ari Conservatory yokutanga yakavambwa Rubinstein, uye Ilya Petrovich, vachiona kutambura mwanakomana wake, vamurayira kuedza rwake somuimbi, uye kunyoresa chesekondari mimhanzi. Zvino jaya rakanga makore 22 okuberekwa. Mugore yokudzidza yokutanga iye pamwe basa muushumiri, asi akasarudza kusiya basa uye akazvipira zvachose mimhanzi. Ndapedza kubva Conservatory, akanga akabayira dzidziso chinzvimbo. Basa iri kwemakore anopfuura 11.

rira okugadzira zvinhu

First Piano Concerto Tchaikovsky akanyora wakati agogodza 35. Nokukurumidza, mukurumbira wake anotanga kukura rinoshamisa akurumidze, iye kazhinji kukokwa zviitiko siyana, asi evanhu upenyu raivaremedza sezvo nguva unoparadza. Muna 1876, munyika munyori wacho upenyu pane munhukadzi anorichengeta Nadezhda of Meck. Nemhaka ayo rutsigiro Tchaikovsky anoitazve parwendo kuburikidza Europe uye America. Mumwe nomumwe maguta European: Paris, Bern, Rome, Venice - siya chiratidzo kwavo basa munyori. Imwe mumhanzi kuchatsiviwa mumwe, uye vose vane isati yamboitwa kubudirira. Pashure anotsauka zvikuru Pyotr Ilyich akauya hanzvadzi yake Kamenka (Ukraine). Pano, panzvimbo yake yaakaberekerwa, basa rake akabudirira Kunyanya simba.

Makore oupenyu Tchaikovsky muna Klin

Pose, kutanga parwendo rurefu, Pyotr Ilyich akafunga nezvokuti akanga kwokuenda. Iye zvikuru aida kuva musha wavo pachavo. Mugore Suburban taundi Klin, akatenga maviri storey unodziya imba, rwakazokura "musha" ake. Ipapo akanga 45. Ikoko akararama kwemakore gumi. Ndivo chakaorera makore. mabasa vangani akanyorwa panguva iyi. Kazhinji aida kuva oga oga uye nziyo dzake, asi kubva Moscow kwaari aiwanzogara akashanyirwa neshamwari uye admirers. Nhasi, imba ino inzvimbo outorwa kuti vaimbi vaduku admirers basa rake. In Klin wose anoziva apo imba akararama apo mukuru Tchaikovsky pachake. Makore oupenyu uye rufu munyori anozivikanwa pasi ndiro pamberi yake imba-miziyamu - 1840-1893. Aiva 53 chete kana korera nokumupedza, sezvo kamwe mai vake anodiwa. mabasa shasha Vangani, aigona kunyora, kana akaramba. Asi nhamo ... Ndizvo mugumo wake.