Brezhnev Kutonga - kurega kunotanga kana yendarama zera?

Kutonga Brezhnev ari munhoroondo Soviet haakonzeri vaitirane nharo kwakadaro uye akasiyana zvachose pakatarisana mazano kuti paitonga Stalin yaitonga uye Gorbachev vake perestroika, asi iyi yakanga zvakwakanakira uye kunaka zvinhu.

Kuguma totalitarianism

Brezhnev akatanga kunyange kujairika kuti Soviet mamiriro iyoyo. Simba rerunziro rinozvarwa uye mubvunzo hutungamiri mu veboka Lenin uye gare gare Stalin kuti utongi gadziriro zvakafanorongwa kuti vatungamiriri ava vaiva achidzora wehurumende kusvikira parufu rwake. Uyezve, akanga asiri uye vaisagona kuva chero chinokosha nezvokunetseka shanduko hurumende (kunze pamwe yokutanga chaizvo mwedzi afa Lenin, kana venhaka chaivo vaiona Trotsky uye Zinoviev). Paiva hondo, uye muna 1953, apo Joseph Dzhugashvili akafa. Zvisinei, ndine asvika simba, Nikita Khrushchev payakakurudzirwa achinja womukati kosi bato itsika. XX Party Congress yakapera pevatongi kudzora nzira Zvichisanganisa: pave nokutya, zvokutsamwa vamire pakaunda-chimurenga uye zvichingodaro. Kunyanya nokuti danho iri, akava mutongi wokutanga yaipotsa ropa uye hahubvi murufu. Brezhnev Kutonga kwakatanga muna 1964 pamwe Zvaitongwa plenum reCentral Committee of CPSU kusunungurwa Khrushchev kubva pambiru vakawanda munyori.

Kurega kunotanga kana yendarama panguva?

The enguva itsva, nezita akazotevera kurega kunotanga nguva kutanga basa kwezvoupfumi kunoparirwa ndiponesezve upfumi. Reform Alekseya Kosygina, akatanga muna 1965 gore, kwaiva pamwero zvainanga kuisa upfumi kuva musika njanji. Saka yakanga yekudyidzana rakawedzerwa rusununguko makuru emakambani ehurumende kwoupfumi, akatanga zvishandiso zvokunyama incentives vashandi zvinobatanidzwa. Zvino kuchinja kwaiva kuzosangana zvinotarisirwa chaizvo. Nechekare nguva Brezhnev kutonga wokutanga aizivikanwa anobudirira zvikuru-gore mashanu nguva munhoroondo yacho.

Zvisinei, nevarume haana kupinda napakati. kuchinja Positive kunokonzerwa kubva kwakaderera neHurumende, havana vaisanganisa maererano zvakafanira rusununguko mune zvimwe zvinhu zvoupenyu zvoupfumi. Reform chaiva afumure uye kunaka zvabuda, akadai muitiro kune rokumusoro mitengo zvinhu. Mukuwedzera, mukutanga 70s akawanikwa muSiberia minda mafuta, izvo zvakazoita kuti zvachose kurasikirwa yeSoviet hutungamiri kufarira kuedza kuchinja. About 70-ies vanotanga kuratidza zvimwe slowdown ari mumhuri upfumi. Production anova zvishoma mutengo-kunobudirira. Arms uye nzvimbo chirongwa kuwedzera lagging shure kwayo chikuru mukwikwidzi - US (wokupedzisira inosvitswa ribudirire nzvimbo chirongwa Soviet akava motokari "Mars-2", wekutanga akaita akachengetedzeka tsvuku nyika). Uyezve, lag unowanika dzakakwirira zvemichina Mazinga.

Izvi akaipa kuitikawo kune pamwero mukuru ave mhaka unozotevera kugadziridza uye chii ndokuguma - kuparara Soviet wehurumende. Kunoda zvakawanda engineering zvimwe zvinhu inokosha maindasitiri vasakanganise tava kuderera okukura chiedza indasitiri kuti zvikuru zvinorwadza kukanganisa vanhu venyika. Kushayiwa zvokudya uye zvinokosha zvinhu - wokutanga, zvichida, kuti vakawanda Rinobatanidzwa ne dzakafara negurumwandira yaitonga. Zvisinei, nguva Brezhnev kutonga, vanonzi kuzara zvakanga zvakadaro chete kana tichienzanisa yapfuura, chinopa yakakwirira mwero okukura inorema uye chiedza maindasitiri munyika. Panguva iyoyowo mamiriyoni vomunyika yedu, akarangarira sezvo yendarama zera. Chokutanga, nokuti vaya vari zvakazara akanzwa donhwe upfumi kuita uye mararamiro kuma1990. Panguva iyoyowo, kwakaratidzwa ushe Brezhnev nemamwe nguva inokosha: ichi ndiwo hondo muna Afghanistan, uye itsva ose kweHondo Yemashoko, uye kuomesa kwakaita ukama China somugumisiro mukurwisana mune Sino-Soviet.