The Byzantine umambo

Kuwa Byzantine Empire rayo guru muna Constantinople, Mikoko kubva 1453 gore. Rakanga zvinokosha zvazvinoita muminda siyana kwava muvambi mutemo weRoma, wemutemo, inova muzinda vazhinji munyika, yepamusoro uye dzidzo chikoro. Uyezve, Byzantine Empire akapa yunivhesiti yokutanga yenyika. It akasikwa mari ichaita, kuvapo iyo yakatora makore ane chiuru anenge. Zvinokosha unyanzvi nedzenyu vakanga akairadzika Byzantine Empire. Architecture, unyanzvi ... Hazvina kure kwete zvakazara mazita nebudiriro umambo, nokuvapo iyo yakatora chimwe namazana zana nemakumi maviri nemashanu.

1203 - mugore rechina kushingirira. Nepo Dzorudzidziso vakaramba kuita nzendo netsoka nzira, saka Venetians vaifanira kuita yokufambisa dzavo chikepe, asi mari basa ichi hakuna kukwana. Naizvozvo Venetian divi zvinganaka pane kubhadhara zvikwereti kutora vagari Zadar (dzokutengeserana guta muGungwa reAdriatic). The vairwa muhondo dzemachechi vakabvumirana uye akazadzisa ichi, asi mari kwete zvakakwana Zadar kuna Venetians vasina kunyunyuta. Naizvozvo, avo chikamu anoteverwa panyaya kunzwa maonero Constantinople, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva pave nokukakavara pakati babamunini uye muzukuru - Alex Isaka uye ngirozi - nzvimbo pachigaro choushe.

Mumwe mapato kuDare vairwa muhondo dzemachechi, achivimbisa dzakatsarukana mari nokuda kudzorerwa choushe. Saka, Hondo Tsvene, pashure zvaibiwa kwakaenderera, akatora Constantinople. Kuzadzisa chipikirwa wemuno akabhadhara Angel akakundikana, nekuti anongoti haana kuva zvakafanira mari, saka Dzorudzidziso zvairatidza ugororo. Vakanga chakabiwa zvose dzokunamatira weConstantinople, kusanganisira chifukidziro raShe, mazana matani Mari, kushongedzwa machechi, anoshanda ounyanzvi. Mauto Byzantine vaisagona kukwikwidzana mumwe akasimba uye ane simba zvikuru panguva iyoyo hondo Dzorudzidziso, saka haana kukwanisa kudzivisa kuba.

Saka, muna 1204 pakava kwokupedzisira yokumbozorora kumadokero uye kumabvazuva nyika. The Byzantine muUmambo kuMadokero - ndiyo ndima apo pane vemanyepo maonero uye mashoko. Asi pasinei neizvi, vatengesi yokumwe havasi disdained kugara aitungamirira chinzvimbo Byzantine zvoupfumi uye musika wayo.

Chii chakaita kuwa umambo? The dambudziko, izvo zvakaita kuti kuparara kwoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu Byzantine Empire, aiva kurasikirwa wehurumende kudzora mari uye guta guru ndege kune West. Uyezve, pamusoro nguva, pakanga pane nyaya yenyika, vakakoniwa kuyambuka kuonekwa. Sezvo madzimambo, uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende kare aigona kuva vamiririri chero rudzi. Huru kusimbiswa rakanga utariri kuita zvebhizimisi acumen. Asi West yainzi mumiririri ufuza uye nezvikara zvenyika.

sefungu urudzi kwakatungamirira mahwanda pakati pemarudzi vaigara Byzantium. West haana kurasikirwa mukana kushandisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye akatanga anyengetedze vokuBulgaria uye vokuSerbia, vaGiriki kwemakore akawanda vakadzvinyirirwa kuzivikanwa kwavo. Chakasimwa pfungwa idzi kwakaita kuti zvakawanda echimurenga fambisa kumavirazuva uye nokukurumidza kunenge kukunda vokuSerbia uye vokuBulgaria kubva muumambo dzavo accession kune European nyika. Saka, marudzi awa kwemakore akawanda kuuya pasi pejoko zvakaoma nokuda vokuTurkey.

The Byzantine Empire, pavake ambotaurwa, anowana rimwe dambudziko - kukura yokusagutsikana pamusoro chikamu mumaruwa guru, padanho upenyu rwakasiyana chaizvo kubva upenyu Constantinople.

Pakupera ari XIII remakore muByzantium mapato maviri akatarisana maonero dzisingadi. The kunzi kutanga, kuvimba uine zvaunazvo dzavo, uye kuwedzera zvinogona kwenyika, wechipiri - aifarira-Western - waitsigira kugadzirisa zvose masangano ose hwacho, sezvakarehwa muenzaniso Western. Vachitsigirwa Europe, bato aifarira-dzokumadokero akunda. Zvakaguma dzakatevedzana zvinhu zvakazoita kuti wakakwana asingabatsiri umambo kuna muvengi wake - hweOttoman sultanate.

Kuwa Constantinople waiva mugumisiro wayo wekupedzisira rakakombwa nokuda vokuTurkey. Pasinei kupa hunoshamisa caster Urga kusika zvakakodzera kutsungirira yakakuwandira yacho Turkish pfuti, mambo, asi kune mhinduro, vamwe vasingagoni kupa. Chefuma yakanga isina kubva Byzantine Empire, uye vagari mupfumi mari chirongwa ichi kusiyiwa. Saka, mumiriri wenyika yesayenzi, pamwe chete pfungwa nyaya Turkish Sultan Mehmet. Iye akabvuma kupa mari inodiwa. Saka, nemhaka mudzidzi Byzantine chikoro, njodzi Byzantine Empire rakange rakanamwa.

Somugumisiro chiitiko ichi akawedzera dzokumadokero uye aifarira-Turkish nebato, ane basa guru rakanga kutungamirira bhodhi racho guru.

May 29, 1453, pashure refu kukomba guta, Turkish mauto akakwanisa kupaza. Vaitsigira, anotya yakakuwandira, uye vakatiza. Saka, mashoko Byzantine mambo aiva oga pakati vavengi. Uchibaya kumashure nomumwe vamiririri Turkish divi kwakaita mugumo woupenyu kuna Constantine XI Palaeologus.

The Byzantine Empire havasisipo.