Lev Zadov-Zinkovskiy - Musoro Counterintelligence Revolutionary wakazara vapanduki Army rweUkraine Nestor Makhno

Lev Zadov aiva mumiririri akakurumbira kugadzikana Nguva Civil War. An anarchist kubudikidza nechivimbo, akatanga akarwa parutivi Dzvuku Army, akabva atamira vapanduki Makhno. Pashure pokukundwa ari "munyoro" Zadoff akatizira Romania. Kunyange munguva yorugare, akadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwake, apo akatanga kushandira NKVD.

makore okutanga

Akaberekwa Lev Nikolaevich Zadov April 11, 1893. By norudzi akanga muJudha, uye zita rake chairo rakanyorwa sezvo Zodov. Asi yakanaka sanyina Makhno anozivikanwa remadunhu- ake Zinkovskiy. Lev Nikolaevich Zadov akaberekwa vechiJudha nyuchi duku pedyo vemazuva Donetsk. Nepo oukuru vakawanda vaigara tsindirana misha kumadokero pamativi yeRussian Empire. Rakanga chokuita kuvapo Pale pakati Settlement. VaJudha vaisagona kugadzirisa nechepakati chikamu nyika. Asi kwaive nevazhinji vari Ukraine uye Poland.

Mukupera XIX - mangwanani XX remakore. VaJudha vakawanda vakava nhengo echimurenga kufamba. Ndaiva asingasiyi uye Revh Nikolaevich Zadov. Pamusana ake mitambo kuivaka kubva vaduku akashanda makambani siyana (paguyo, fekitari uye zvichingodaro. D.). In ezvinhu ichi, yakanga kushingaira kunyanya anoparadzirwa zvikuru ezvematongerwo enyika. Naizvozvo Zadov nyore kuva anarchist. Ari kupa mabhuku zvisiri pamutemo, aiitawo pamisangano. ruvara rweganda rake raiva chaizvo mune akapakatira kana "expropriations." Zvinozivikanwa kuti muduku anarchist chaibatanidzwa dzinenge nhatu kwacho. Radicals vanobirwa vemikova, pakati njanji yemapurisa posvo. The mari akaenda keshiya ari echimurenga kufamba, uye ipapo yakawandisa kudhinda mushandirapamwe zvinhu.

In mujeri uye ari Red Army

Muna 1913, Lev Nikolaevich Zadov wake basa dzisina akasungwa nezviremera. Dare mujeri naye kwemakore masere ari mujeri panguva zvakaoma. Ndizvo ikoko nokuda dissonant anarchist akachinja zita rake uye akava Zinkovskaya. In February 1917 pakava chimurenga. Umambo akawira, uye hurumende itsva zvokungoitawo yakazivisa ruregero vose "Vasungwa enyika." Saka, Zinkovskiy akasunungura pashure kushumira hafu purogiramu.

Revolutionary yadzoka Yuzovka (nokukurumidza kuti zita muna Donetsk), apo iye akasarudzwa mutevedzeri wevashandi emo. Mushure Bolsheviks vakauya simba Zinkovskiy nokuzvidira akazviratidza muna Red Army. Hondo dzake dzinondiunganira vaifanira shure kuna Tsarina. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zviri kusanganwa nazvo nenhengo Civil War, kuti vanhuwo akanga aratidza ake Pazvinhu kugona uye nokukurumidza kwaitsigirwa kuti musoro bhurigedhi. Zadov asi nokukurumidza akasiya Red Army. Paakanga akatsanangura mune imwe pokubvunzurudzwa parutivi NKVD, pamusoro kusiya yake dzidziso chakaita. Kana kumuzinda chikamu zviri muhoro, Zinkovskaya sezvo guru webasa akabhadhara 750 rubles. Munhuwo akagamuchira kagumi zvishoma. Izvi zvakagumbura anarchist, uye akaenda Ukraine. Gare gare muna GPU of NKVD akamuyeuchidza kuti kusiya muna 1918.

The rworudyi Makhno

Akava mukuru mutsva Zadoff, Nestor Makhno - anarchist uye musoro yekusunungura kufamba muUkraine. Leo vaiitawo zvose akavhiyiwa makuru "vapanduki manyoro". Muchirimo cha1919, iye vakananga boka rinonangana mupiro kuna bourgeoisie uye capitalist mupenyu mundima yaidzorwa nemasimba Makhno.

Ukrainian wakazara vapanduki Army aiva chaizvo isiri yunifomu mu sezvamunoita yavo. Zvido nhengo dzayo vasingawanzotauri -enderana. Somuenzaniso, akashandisa pane dubious mukurumbira Zinkovskiy, kunyanya nokuti panguva vakapukunyuka kubva Red Army. Vamwe vatori of Civil War pakati anofungidzirwa Makhno akabvunza rufu rwake. Vaiva nesimba vanhu vakadai Lev Golik (musoro pakaunda-njere) uye Nadya Marchenko. Runyerekupe pamusoro unreliability Zinkovskaya chakasimudzira wehurukuro kuti Soviet KGB akaedza rokutsvaka naye.

Jobs mupanduki counterintelligence

Vatowanda yakaoma pakati mubatsiri pakati Makhno akaponeswa kubva kurangwa mukadzi "baba" Galina Kuzmenko. Zviri imwe nguva vasati vakashanda pamwe Zinkovskaya counterintelligence vapanduki uye zvakazadza kwaari chivimbo. It riri Zadoff uyu nzvimbo yake vaifanira kutora zvikuru gakava basa paaigara panhengo pakati Makhnovists.

Kuri miviri kurasa vanhu vaifungidzirwa younyengeri chokusavimbika. Lev Nikolaevich Zinkovsky, akadai Lenin, vaidavira kuti chimurenga hazvigoni kuitwa magiravhusi chena uye kushandisa revatongi nzira enyika hondo. All utsinye ose Civil War, uye chena uye mutsvuku, uye "mutema" kururamisira kushumira chinangwa chikuru. Mune dzimwe, yakanga necommunism, apo vamwe - National rusununguko kana magariro kuenzana pasi anarchic zvinangwa.

Mugumo Civil War

Pakazosvika 1920, Red Army akakunda Denikin uye akanga zvakare muna Ukraine. Ipapo Nestor Makhno nevatsigiri vake vakanzi vavengi vevanhu. Vapanduki vakakundwa, kwete chete nokuda nokukundikana muchiuto, asi mhaka iri yatanga chekorera typhus. Chirwere tsitsi kwakaderedza kunyange vakasimba mumuviri uye utano varume. Zinkovskiy zvakare, kwekanguva waiva njodzi Zvisinei, akakwanisa apore. Kuti akanga pakati vashoma anofungidzirwa Makhno parufu nokumuvanzira yake yokupotera.

Pashure mutungamiri mupanduki sangano akakundwa akava wakachengeteka, Leo uye mukoma wake zvisiri pamutemo yadzoka Donbass. Nokukurumidza, hurumende yeSoviet vakasarudza kuita kuitira Makhno. Guerrillas kunge aida kuita rugare Mavara uye kuvabatsira mukurwisa vakasara mauto Wrangel raMwari, midzi muCrimea. In kuwa 1920 Zinkovskiy zvakare muchidimbu akava shamwari Red. Iye akarwa muCrimea akatora mugove yokupedzisira kukundwa of White kufamba mu Peninsula.

kuenda kumwe

Muzhizha 1921 Makhno pamwe vashoma vasara neshamwari akatizira Romania. Kana achipfuura kumuganhu Zadov akatungamirira ngozi kushanda kubvisa varindi. Pamwe gumi Rebel iye vainyepedzera tsvuku Makhnovists vakatevera. Saka anarchist akakwanisa kunyengedza nevarindi. Vakati vakarasikirwa Kusvinurira, pedyo hurongwa Zinkovskaya, vasina ngoni moto yakavhurwa pamusoro pavo.

Zvikuru nokuti Zadoff akatanga kuenda kumwe kumwedzi. Akagadzirisa muRomania. Sezvo upenyu haana kuti, yaimbova Makhnovets uye mukoma wake aishanda pezimba raichekerwa mapuranga. Avo ezvinhu aisiririsa kwakanga kuchinyanya kukosha, vakapiwa kuti vapanduki vaiziva nezvokuvapo Ukrainian vakavigwa pfuma akavigwa navo kunyange panguva Civil War. Dambudziko rakanga chete kuti vatizi, akakurumidza kuyambuka muganhu Soviet, uye havana nguva kuzvitarisira yavo yemberi zvakanaka.

Homecoming

Nokukurumidza ungwaru Romanian akanga basa vaimbova Makhnovets. Zinkovskaya ndokubaya basa iri boka commando kuti akaronga kukanda muSoviet Ukraine. Leo akati hongu. Muna 1924 aiva shure pamba. Zvisinei, pakarepo Zadov yakasarudza kupira kuti vakuru veSoviet. biographers ake vanoti kuti akanga kubva pakutanga duril vasori Romanian kuenda USSR aine kwehwamanda kadhi kumusoro ruoko rwake uye ungwaru pamusoro dzimwe mabasa muvengi.

Zin'kovskaya boka inofungidzirwa kusungwa. nevamwe vake vose vakasunungurwa, asi iye kare vakabvunzwa. Mwedzi mitanhatu, njodzi aimbova Makhnovets hwaiva pangozi. Soviet Cheka, ane utongi yakanga nyaya yake, akasungirirwa sarudzo. Pakupedzisira muna nhengo yechimiro chedungamunhu zvakakodzera kutora Zadoff riri basa zvisiri pamutemo. Aiva akapfuma uye yakasiyana ruzivo mune uchenjeri uye counterintelligence. Izvi Track chinyorwa kwagara aikoshesa ne NKVD. Uyezve, mhosva kubatanidzwa mune insurgency vakanga sauka. Zinkovskiy, kufanana zviuru vamwe vatsigiri Makhno, akanga nokukangwanwira muna 1922, maererano Mutongo hurumende yeSoviet.

Sotrunichestvo pamwe NKVD

Pane shanduro Lev Zadov akakwanisa kutaurirana kuchengeteka vatariri ngoni dzake nokuti akataura pamusoro pana pfuma, mumwe akavigwa vapanduki muUkraine panguva Civil War. In chaizvo kuzivikanwa kuti Makhno pachake, nhapwa, akaedza kutumira pachako yakavimbika vanhu vari USSR, uye tichadzoka pfuma inokosha.

Chero nzira Zadovsky haana ashandira kodzero mukana wechipiri, akataura nounyanzvi akatora mukana kuzviruramisa pamberi simba yeSoviet. Place basa vakava Odessa. Izvi chiteshi inokosha, riri kure nomuganhu, yaiva musimboti kukwezvana vakawanda adventurers siyana uye magandanga. Pamwe nemasimba, Zadov akakwanisa kufukura uye kubvisa zvimwe zvisiri pamutemo mhosva mapoka.

kupfura

Hazvinei kuti runziro uye mumiririri zvinobatsira kana akanga Zadov, ake mugumo akasuruvara chaizvo. Iye yakawira guyo pamusoro Stalin kuti repressions 30s. Zvadaro vakasungwa ndokupfura pamusoro pezvisingakoshi siyana kusvikira chakasimba anecdotes pamusoro mutungamiri. Munhu panguva yokuchinja kuna Red Army uye Makhno vapanduki akatizira Romania, musi uyu kumashure raingoreva raisazobudirira.

Zadoff akasungwa August 1937. Chaaipomerwa vasori vachida muRomania. Zvinokosha kuti NKVD vaisamboratidzana mhosva yake. Zvadaro, muna kosi akaenda akaoma nzira kubvunzurudzwa, kusanganisira kutambudzwa. The anga rose gore. Pakupedzisira, pasi kumanikidza ichi Zinkovskiy akareurura kuti kushandira wokumwe utikitivha. September 25, iye, kufanana nevamwe vakawanda vakaurayiwa muna 1938, vakati akaonekana navo kuti upenyu mune pevhu of NKVD pasina mukana ane muedzo kana kururamiswa. Kwenguva refu, nyaya yake yakaramba yakasimba. Kunyange pashure Khrushchev nyungudika mhosva kwete Zinkovsogo kuzorangarirwa. Akazviratidza paakanga afa rehabilitated muSoviet Union kusvikira kugadzirisa. Zadov akaruramiswa chete muna 1990.

posthumous mufananidzo

Zinkovskiy akava mumwe vevatambi vari trilogy Alekseya Tolstogo, "The Road kuKarivhari". In kududzirwa munyori, uye gare gare Soviet kwadzakabva iri yokufungidzira, yaiva murwi utsinye uye executor zvikuru veropa zvirevo Nestora Mahno. vanoiona Vazhinji ucharangarira iye bedzi ngano akava okuti "Ndiri -. Leva Zadov, Hazviiti neni hakusi zvakakodzera"

Chokwadika, NdiTolstoy kuti yokufungidzira akanga asiri oga kuedza kunzwisisa Biography rakajeka uye zvakawanda anarchist. Zinkovskaya wakakomborerwa kugara mhirizhonga munguva. Iye pangozi vakashandura kuvimbika kwake sezvo vakawanda vomuzuva rake, avo vaifanira hwema gunpowder munguva Civil War.

mhuri

Hama echimurenga Daniel akanga tevere yose Civil War. Pamwe chete vakatizira Romania, uye vaviri madzokera Soviet Union. Daniel akapfurwa iroro muna 1938, kunyange zvazvo iye vakamboshanda nokuti NKVD muna Tiraspol.

Panguva Zadoff uye mwanakomana - Vadim Lvovich Zinkovsky. Pasinei muduku chaizvo, ndiye pakupera Guru Patriotic War somuzvipiri akaenda mberi. Gare gare akava konoro hondo. Vadim Lvovich akanyora Biography wababa vake, umo akaedza kupembedza rinozivikanwa anarchist mumaziso vakararama.