Dmitry Cantemir, zvomuMoldova uye Russian yokutungamirira uye nyanzvi. Biography, mhuri, vana

Uyu murume anoshamisa, shamwaridzana Petro I uye hunoshamisa yokutungamirira, akaita rakakura tsika nyika sezvo munyori, wenhoroondo, muzivi uye Orientalist. Nhengo Berlin Academy muna 1714, iye zvaakanyora, kwakaratidzwa kuchinja kubva Ages yepamusoro kufunga ano kodzera siyana. zita rake - Dmitry Kantemir.

Childhood uye Primary Education

Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo kuti enyika October 26, 1673 mu vokuMoldova musha Silishten. Gare gare wakapfuura kuna Romania, asi nhasi anonzi Vaslui. Pakupera ari XVII remakore, chaimbova yakagara Constantine Cantemir - mutongi zvomuMoldova uye baba achangoberekwa Dmitry. mai vake Anna Bantysh anozivikanwa kuti akanga ari mumiriri mumwe boyars yekare.

Kubva achiri muduku, paumbwe unhu Dmitry Konstantinovich akanga zvikuru nokuda kwake mudzidzisi - vakadzidza murume, mumwe mumongi I. Kakavela. Panguva iyoyo, aizivikanwa mabhuku akawanda, anoti pamusoro vaparidzi dzeRoma, uyewo munyori bhuku nomufungo, umo sayenzi rokudzidza vaizotevera vazivi uye nyanzvi dzezvechitendero.

Makore akapedza Turkish guru

Ndava nemakore gumi, Dmitri aiva Istanbul. Ikoko haana akauya havo, uye somunhu mubatwa wenyika, akanga pasi Turkey, iyo panguva iyoyo Moldavia. Kuva akadaro unenviable nzvimbo, iye, zvisinei, havazotadzi chipo nguva uye anoramba kuvandudza dzidzo yake. Mukuita kudaro, izvozvo akapa rubatsiro chaizvo kune masayendisiti akawanda yemadzitateguru Greek-Latin Academy, yakanga iri nguva, sezvo iye ari guru nerakakurumbira zvengarava.

Mune apedza pamahombekombe ose Bosphorus makore matatu, nzara zivo jaya akadzidza chiGiriki, Turkish, Arabic uye chiLatin, uyewo mararamiro hurukuro pamusoro nhoroondo, uzivi uye zvechitendero. maonero ake rakavapo mumakore iwayo pasi pokudzora mabasa ouzivi Anthony uye Spandoni, uye somugumisiro kuziva rwokuzvarwa uzivi pfungwa Meletios Arta.

Pokurwa enyika chivande

Kana muna 1691, Dmitry Kantemir akadzoka kumusha, aizviwana mukati merima hondo, izvo zvakakonzera Moldavia uye Poland. Sezvo mwanakomana Mambo, Dmitry pakati vatungamiri uyo akatungamirira zviuru mauto. Muna 1692, akazvisiyanisa panguva yokukombwa wakakombwa weSoroca vakatapa Poles. Zvaiva ake zvakaitika wokutanga kuhondo kwacho uye zvekuita, iro kwaienderana hwevanhu vakawanda.

Next, muna 1693, akauya naye matambudziko akawanda chokuita dzomunyika kutamburira enyika munyika. Chokwadi kuti baba vake vakafa Cantemir, uyo akanga kusvikira afa mubati Moldavia, uye pashure pokufa kwake boyars vakasarudzwa akatsiva Dmitry. Asi mumwe kuda Boyar haana kukwana.

Sezvo hugota rakanga pasi Turkish protectorate, pasarudzo mugumisiro akabvumirwa mu Istanbul. Akatora mukana munhu anokumhan'arira enyika Cantemir - mubati wallachia, Constantin Brancoveanu. Akakwanisa kupesvedzera Sultan, uye somugumisiro pamusoro candidacy pakati Dmitry akarambwa.

On the nedzenyu basa

Mushure kukundikana, mutengo iye inonyanya nehurumende post, Cantemir anodzoka kuna Istanbul, asi nguva ino haana somunhu mubatwa, uye pamusoro nedzenyu basa. Akanga arayirwa pamutemo mumiririri tenzi Moldavian panguva paruvazhe Sultan. nguva ino, agare ari pamhenderekedzo Bosphorus yaiva refu. With zviduku zvinovhiringidza akagara Turkish guru kusvikira 1710.

Izvi nguva muupenyu Dmitry Kantemir kwave inonakidza. Aifanira kuita hondo, asi nguva ino muuto wokuTurkey. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo hondo pamwe Austrians pamusoro Tisza rwizi, umo akatora chikamu, yakaguma ari unorema kukundwa nokuda nevarwi Sultan, yava akamupa pfuma rechiuto ruzivo. Zvinowanikwa iri nedzenyu basa, Cantemir akatanga navanopinda denderedzwa kuvazikamwi.

Pakati shamwari dzake itsva vaivawo vamiririri nesayenzi, kupfuura inozivikanwa iyo yaiva yakakurumbira Turkish musayendisiti Sadi Effendi, uye nyika dzokuEurope pashure zhinji. Akava noushamwari Russian nhume Count Petrom Andreevichem NdiTolstoy, kujairirana akanga kure-kusvika nemigumisiro.

A muchivande sungano Russian chamber

Muna 1710, apo hondo yakatanga pakati Russia uye Turkey, Cantemir akagamuchira kubva Turkish hurumende Moldavian hugota, aifanira kuita utsinye. Zvisinei, anovengwa pachivande vadzvinyiriri yokumusha kwake uye netariro pamusoro bayonets Russian, akanga dzaitwa kuonana hurumende yeRussia, uchishandisa itsva shamwari yake - Count NdiTolstoy.

Turkish masimba, kuturika Cantemir dzaitarisira, hapana mubvunzo kuti kuvimbika kwake, iye akapa gadziriro wehondo vokuMoldova kuti hondo Russia. In Dmitry mabasa anosanganisira kuvakwa mabhiriji uye kuyambuka pamusoro Danube, uyewo kupa yechando yeSweden Apartments, vakapona ngwavaira Hondo Poltava kwavari, uzere kuda kutsiva nokuda kukundwa yaimbova. Pamusoro basa rake, aitofanira kuitisa muchivande zvokuongorora ake ekare anokumhan'arira enyika Brancoveanu, uyo Sultan vavaifungira hurumende.

Paaiva 1711 muna Slutsk, rimwe remaguta pakukura Western Ukraine, Dmitry Kantemir Prince pamwe rubatsiro Count P. A. Tolstogo akatuma St. Petersburg nhume yake Stephan Luca, uyo akanga akarayirwa kuti abate muchivande hurukuro Peter I uye kugumisa nayo ine tacit mubatanidzwa pamusoro vagari zviito pamusoro vokuTurkey.

The chibvumirano, icho kwaifanira kupera

Kubvira nguva Cantemir pedyo pamwe chete Russian mambo. In chete 1711, iye ave achishingaira munyaya drafting pamusoro chibvumirano anopa nokuzvidira kusangana pakati Moldova pasi Russian raitarisira kuzvionera. Mumwe namanomwe ndima gwaro pedyo namambo akataura iye pachake, Dmitry Cantemir, pamwe kodzero kuchinjwa simba yakananga venhaka yake. Panguva iyoyo rakaramba zvose ropafadzo ose boyars.

Anokosha pfungwa sungano yaiva kudzoka Moldova ndima dzose akatapwa Porte, uye abolition pamusoro Turkish mutero. Implementation chesungano kwakaratidza kuguma hweOttoman utongi. Izvi akasangana nechido kutsigirwa sectors vose vokuMoldova munzanga uye akatipa Cantemir yakakurumbira rutsigiro.

Prut chibvumirano

Asi hwakanaka zvirongwa zvakadaro havana akaziva. Kusunungura vokuMoldova panyika 1711 mauto tridtsativosmitysyachnaya Russian vakafora pasi murayiro Count Sheremetyev. In kuenderera vachirwa Peter ndakanga aripo mu-Chief zvazvingava.

nhimbe ichi, akaburuka munhau sezvo Prut zita rerwizi paiva kurwa akadzika ne hondo muvengi stadvadtsatitysyachnoy yakanga kwakakundikana kuti vokuRussia. Kuti tidzivise kukundwa pamusoro pevane masimba vehondo Turkish, Peter I akasaina runyararo chibvumirano, pasi iyo Russia vakarasika kare yakakunda Azov uye zvizhinji kumahombekombe eGungwa Azov. Saka, Moldova yakanga ichiri pasi Turkish utongi.

Kutamira kuMoscow, uye mambo ngoni

Chokwadi, pashure zvose zvakaitika musi kudzorerwa kwezvinhu vokuMoldova vose vakashumira pasi Russian mureza aigona kuva mubvunzo. Zviuru boyars vasvika muMoscow, apo akapiwa musangano Wirirana chaizvo. Pamwe navo uye tikasvika Cantemir. Dmitry K. akanga paakavapa musoro count kuti kuvimbika kwake kuna Russia kodzero kudana "Grace".

Uyezve, akanga agadzwa kuva hwakasimba mudyandigere, akapa guru nzvimbo munyika mamiriro muruwa Orel. Riri mundima yavo uye nemisha Dimitrovka Kantemirovka akapona. Wokutanga vavo vane mamiriro muguta rine vanhu mashanu nehafu zviuru vanhu, apo wechipiri waiva dzomumaguta-mhando yawo. Pamusoro Kantemir zvose somunhu tenzi vose vaiuya kwaari zvomuMoldova vatama kodzero dzokurasa hwavo yavo kungwara.

European pamutemo mapepa yesayenzi

Muna 1713, akafa mudzimai Dmitriya Kantemira Cassandra Kontakuzin. Paakafa, akaramba kugara muMoscow, kuramba neVadzidzi zvemberi vanhu nguva. Zvezvisarudzo vakakurumbira vakanga muvambi muchiLatin-Greek Academy Feofan Prokopovich V. N. Tatischev, Prince AM Cherkassky, I. Yu Trubetskoy, munhu akakurumbira yokutungamirira B. P. Sheremetev. Sekushamwaridzana munyori uye mudzidzisi vana vaakakoka inozivikanwa munyori uye munyori wemitambo I. I. Ilinskogo.

Pakazosvika nguva rwatakawana European mukurumbira, mabasa mazhinji zvesayenzi kuti vakasikwa mumakore yokufamba ake Dmitry Kantemir. Description kweMoldova uye Turkey, anoshanda pane zvemutauro uye uzivi vakamutungamirira zvakasikwa mbiri. Berlin Academy of Sciences muna 1714, akamubata mumaoko pamisara yavo ive honorary nhengo. Chokwadi, masayendisiti Russian ndapa basa chakanakira bhururu wake.

muchato Chechipiri, kutamira pamahombekombe Neva

Muna 1719 muupenyu hwake kunouya chiitiko chinoshamisa - inopinda kupinda muchato itsva. nguva ino ake musanangurwa anova Duchess AI Trubetskaya. Munguva wekuwana korona yomusoro murume rwakabata pachake mambo Peter I. Zvakaoma kufungidzira rukudzo rukuru nokuda mugari wenyika Russian mambo. Panoperera mhemberero, Dmitry Kantemir nemhuri yake vakatamira St. Petersburg, apo achisimudzira vakakurumbira pachena hofisi chipangamazano Petro I pamusoro remabasa East. Pano ndiye mumwe vanhu pedyo namambo.

Kana muna 1722 Kesari akatanga yake yakakurumbira Persian nhimbe, Dmitry Konstantinovich aiva padivi pake sezvo musoro State Chancellery. On ake danho, kwakanga imba imwe okudhindira, iyo akadhindwa muchiArabic. Izvi zvaiita kuti kuronga uye kutenderedza akaparidza yaKesari vanhu vaigara Persia uye Caucasus.

mabasa Scientific uye Kushanduka maonero ouzivi

Kunyange munguva yehondo Cantemir, kufanana masayendisiti akawanda Russian, inobatwa ezvinhu akafanana hazvina kumira tsvakurudzo. Mumakore aya, nokuti akanyora nhevedzano yose zvenhoroondo, nenzvimbo nouzivi mabasa. Zvaaiva indefatigable akiyorojisiti, akaita kudzidza Zvivako ekare Dagestan uye Derbent. maonero ake pamusoro mibvunzo inokosha zvakasikwa ndavhiyiwa panguva iyoyo inokosha shanduka. Kare, imwe adherent ari yebhaibheri idealism, kwemakore ikava Rationalist, uye kakawanda kacho kunyange kwatangwa zvinhu.

Somuenzaniso, mutsamba yake, iye aiti kuti nyika yose, zvinoonekwa nezvisingaonekwi, anotungamirira kukura kwayo pachishandiswa mitemo chinangwa, predefined noMusiki. Zvisinei, simba repfungwa anokwanisa kudzidza navo uye kutungamirira mberi kwenyika mugwara vanhu. Pakati enhoroondo mabasa Cantemir kutungamirira nzvimbo nhoroondo Zvengarava uye yake yaakaberekerwa Moldova.

Kuguma upenyu mavara

Dmitry Cantemir, ane Biography hwakada chokuita ichikosha of Petrine zvinhu uye kuchinja, vakashaya September 1, 1723. The okupedzisira nguva hwake yaaipedza ari mambo akamupa wenhumbi Dimitrovka. Madota vakatendeka shamwari Peter I akavigwa Moscow, pamadziro wemamongi Of The Greek, uye thirties ari XX remakore zvifambiswe kuna Romania, muna Iasi.

Mwanasikana Mutongi zvomuMoldova

Mune rimwe nekutambira nguva, paitonga Empress Elizabeth, akawana mukurumbira Cantemir mwanasikana kubva kumuchato Katerina Golitsyn wake wechipiri, uyo akaberekwa muna 1720. Zita iroro kakamuka apo muna 1751 akaroorwa mukuru Izmailovo chemazana chehondo Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn. Muchato, iye akaitwa chemumwe wake Empress chaiwo Tenzikadzi.

With rebei mhanza uye yakawanda anofambira, Katerina Golitsyn akapedza makore akawanda muParis, kwaakanga tikabudirira hunoshamisa yakakwirira munzanga uye panguva mudare. Her Salon aiva mumwe kupfuura mufashoni guru French. Kana murume akagadzwa Russian Mumiriri muParis, zvazova nyeredzi chaiyo.

upenyu wake akagurwa pfupi muna 1761 nemhaka yokurwara. Dmitry Mikhailovich akagumbuka chaizvo nerufu mudzimai wake waaida. Akapukunyuka wake anenge matatu, iye ikazopiwa mazuva ake kuderera kuvaka chipatara pakuyeuka wake varombo. Tinokushuvirai ichi chakabvumwa, uye Golitsyn Hospital, iyo yakava mavambo XX remakore muna First City Hospital, yava shongwe kumukadzi vaanoda.

Palace pamusoro Neva embankment

Pamusoro Dimitrie Cantemir anoyeuka zvizvarwa chivakwa mukuru, akajeka ari Palace Embankment muSt Petersburg. Uyu aimbova yamambo Dmitriya Kantemira. Akamisa ari maviri ari XVIII remakore, ndicho Chivako wokutanga dzakavakwa kuchamhembe guru kunoshamisa Italian mapurani BF Rastrelli. mifananidzo yake unogona kuona kumusoro. Zvisinei, Moldavian Prince pachake akanga asingakwanisi kurarama mairi. Akafa apo mumuzinda vachiri kupedza basa, asi zita rake zvachose chokuita Paaidzidzisa uku mapurani.