Portrait of Peter 1. Nikitin, Portrait of Peter 1. Historical Portrait of Peter 1

Unhu Peter 1 kurudyi mumwe chikuru nzvimbo nhoroondo Russian wehurumende. Uye haana kuti murume uyu akavamba Empire yakadaro, asi kuti paitonga Peter wokuRussia aiva zvachose itsva Vector okukura. Akanyorwa zviuru dzakaitika uye oupenyu mabhuku, ndinosika mufananidzo Peter 1, asi zviri pachena kuti kurondedzera mabasa munhu uyu, vanyori venhau dzakaitika, masayendisiti haagoni kusvikira nhasi. Vamwe vavo deify Russian mambo wokutanga, achirondedzera zvakagadzirwa ake pachena ino uye dzimwe negwaro. Vamwe, nekusiyana, kuedza kumuratidza anodzvinyirira uye yomudzvinyiriri, kureva kunyanyisa noutsinye kune vaaitonga. Asi mufananidzo Peter 1 mufananidzo riri pasi apa, chinofananidzira murume anokurudzirwa uye akadzidza.

Vakatsoropodza mambo wokutanga uye vachirwara-vaiona zvakagadzirwa kunangidzirwa, maererano kare, yokupedza nayo zvose Russian, achitsiva tsika dzayo Western. Zvisinei, vose zvachose kubvumirana chimwe chinhu: aitova pamakakatanwa, aikosha uye nemifananidzo kukuru nhoroondo Russian wehurumende.

Musatonga, kuti imwi murege kutongwa

Kana tikanyatsodzidza nhoroondo mufananidzo Peter 1, vakasikwa vanyori mabasa vasingaverengeki, tinogona kusvika mhedziso nyore: yakakura kudaro-pamwero nokuzivikanwa haagoni kutongwawo mumwe-sidedly. Strict delimitation of mhando "vatema uye chena" pano havagamuchirwi. Kuwedzera kutsoropodzwa, kana, Ukuwo, kurumbidzwa zvakakodzera kunzwisisa zvakajeka raivapo panguva iyoyo mitemo uye tsika. Uye chii sokuti dzimwe nguva mhuka uye chinotyisa vomuzuva redu, kwaingova zvakazara kuti zvakasiyana akaturikidzana chavagari Russia pakutanga XVIII remakore.

Portrait of Petra Velikogo haagoni kushandisa ano netsika dzakanaka. Yakadaro nzira aizova "sandara" uye mupfungwa. Iye vakakuvadza kudhakwa tinyatsonzwisisa nhau yechokwadi iri Muscovite ehurumende, uye ipapo Russian Empire of XVIII remakore.

Saka, iwe chete vanofanira kuedza kuisa pfungwa chinangwa pamusoro kwazvakarerekera Biography wokuRussia mambo wokutanga uye zvose nechokuita nazvo. Pashure pezvose, vanhu vakadaro vanowanzoona kusiya chiratidzo yavo kwete chete mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvematongerwo enyika.

Education - hwaro ramangwana nokuzivikanwa

Petr Alekseevich Romanov akaberekwa musi May 30, 1672. Uyewo zvose vamambo mwana, ramangwana pamambo akanga chete kumba-kudzidza. Uye tinofanira kubvuma kuti, kunyange mitemo yanhasi, zvakanga zvikuru zvakanaka. Vachengeti akaratidza mukomana mukuru propensity kuti mitauro yokumwe uye nesayenzi. Nemamwe mashoko, ramangwana mambo kubva pauduku vakanga kubatanidzwa kwevanhu uye michina zvinangwa. Kunyange zvazvo zvinodiwa iye achiri akapa sayenzi rinoshanda.

Gotwe chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich uye Natalia Naryshkin, muduku Peter, akakura zvinoshamisa zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita uye simba mwana. Kuwedzera penchant wake nesayenzi, iye achifara akakwira pamusoro fenzi, akarwa anokudzwa vezera womukati denderedzwa uye akaita mamwe pranks runozivisa zera rino.

Craft - ane basa akakodzera madzimambo

Kushamiswa inokosha zvose pasina chakasara, biographers nguva dzose ari chido mwanakomana wamambo Crafts vanhuwo vashandi, uyo akaratidza kufarira kunyange vaduku. Hapana enhoroondo mufananidzo Peter 1 wakakwana pasina tsanangudzo sei aigona kupedza maawa vakarinda basa lathe kana mafaro kufema inopisa vapor mumuzinda echoto.

Kufarira mwanakomana wamambo rakazivikanwa. anokosha nyanzvi dzokugadzira vakanga dzinounzwa, izvo akatanga kudzidzisa zvinokosha Peter nyore rwokugadzira: wekushanduka zvebhizimisi uye nokuchengetedza. Zvakakodzera kufunga kuti hazvina kuenda tichiregeredza makirisito kurovedza purogiramu rejaya mugari wenhaka. Chaiyo sainzi, kudzidza mitauro, kunyatsogona sayenzi rechiuto haina akadzima. Kubva achiri muduku, ramangwana pamambo vakagamuchira multilateral uye yedzidzo (zvinopesana zvimwe Western venhoroondo musha kuti kudzidza Russia mumakore iwayo zvakasiyana sidedness uye kushayikwa professionalism).

Zvisinei, "simpleton" chamambo wakaramba kunzi, vachiona the artist akanyora mufananidzo Antropov Peter 1: youmambo achibuda, mamiriro uye maziso vanotaura guru uye simba murume. Uye kunyange panguva mufananidzo mambo akanga afa kweanenge makore 50, munyori akaita vanoratidzwa izvozvo hwakavimbika chaizvo.

Coronation uye batanidzo

The enyika asian Petro 1 inofanira kutanga kunyora kubva 1682. Pashure pokufa vana chevaux Feodor Alekseevich wechiduku Romanov akanga pakukwana choushe. Zvisinei, zvakanga pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda mukuru Ivan mukoma wake, pane asina kumbotadza kushandisa bato Miloslavskys (hama nehanzvadzi Petra - Sofia) nokuti sangano yamambo nevapanduki. Miloslavsky akabudirira aishandisa Royal mafaro, uye sezvo pamusana Naryshkin dzavo rweberere mai Peter, akanga anenge kuparadzwa. "Mukuru" King vakagadzwa Ivan uye Sophia vakava regent-mutongi.

Streletsky kumukira nokuchera utsinye umhondi inokoshesa chaizvo zvakakanganisa unhu Peter Mukuru. Vazhinji dzekare vanonamata pamwe nezviitiko izvi mberi, kwete nguva dzose nepakati, mambo anoita.

Sophia, achiva oga mwene nyika, raishanda vakatapwa mambo Chitarisiko duku - duku Suburban wakare patrimony. Zvakanga pano kuti Peter akaunganidza vanokudzwa Youngs pedyo ezvinhu, akasika akakurumbira "chivaraidzo echiShinto." dzidzo Military aiva chimiro ichi, vakuru uye varwi vehondo uye kuteerera kurangwa ichi. Peter, Chokwadi, aiva mukuru. Nokuti varaidzo ramambo wechiduku akanga akavaka "varaidza nhare", iyo, honing "rwisana unyanzvi" ake, yaaigara hondo varaidza. Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma ipapo vakaziva kuti yakanga mwana uyu mutambo vakomana uchimhanya kumativi pamwe emapuranga pfuti uye minondo, kutanga rakakurumbira uye inotyisa yaPetro murindi.

Hapana mufananidzo Peter 1 wakakwana pasina kutaurwa Aleksandra Menshikova. Vakasangana panzvimbo, munyika chitarisiko. Mwanakomana chikomba mumakore akatevera akazova rworudyi mambo uye mumwe wevarume vane simba zvikuru muumambo hwacho.

kubvuta masimba Miloslavskys

Kuneta uye soreness ari "mukuru" chevaux Ivan yacho regent Sophia nguva kumanikidzwa kufunga zvizere autocracy munyika. Zvakapoteredzwa vakuru simba mhuri Miloslavskys, mutongi aiva nechivimbo chakazara chokuti uchakwanisa kubvuta simba. Zvisinei, munzira kuenda chigaro Petro. Akazodzwa naMwari uye akakodzera mambo.

Muna August 1689 Sophie akafunga pamusoro kubvuta masimba d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba, chinangwa rakanga kubvisa Petro uye vakabvuta chigaro choumambo. Zvisinei, vanhu vakatendeka akayambira mambo wechiduku, uye aifanira kusiya chitarisiko, zvakavigwa Utatu-rwacho Segiyo wemamonk. Wemamongi haana kusarudzwa netsaona. Makobvu masvingo, inoerera uye tunnels vaiva sezvisingakundiki chinodzivirira kuti kungofamba Streltsov Sofi. An kurwisa dzose mitemo nesayenzi zvechiuto pane Sophia vakanga vasina nguva kana nzira. Uyezve, murayiro vepamusoro musketeer zvikamu zvakajeka vaizeza, asingazivi divi kusarudza.

Ndiani aiva chisarudzo yokubva nayo Utatu-rwacho Segiyo? Izvi haitauri chero hwenhoroondo mufananidzo Peter 1. pfupi, nzvimbo iyi akava zvinouraya kuti Sofia uye chaizvo zvakanaka nokuda kwamambo. Avakuru akatsigira Peter. Combat mauto revatongi aifamba nemabhiza uye vaifamba "varaidza" uye yechokwadi musketeers vakakomba Moscow. Sophia akanga mhosva uye mujeri yemamongi, uye shamwari dzose Miloslavskys dzavo vakaurayiwa kana vakatapwa.

Pakafa chevaux Ivan Peter akazova oga muridzi Moscow choushe. Pamwe kuti akarondedzera zviitiko ade dzakakomba nokubatanidzwazve dzose Russian nzira youpenyu. Zvechokwadi, vamiririri "mazuva akanaka ekare 'mukutarisana uta uye Miloslavskys nguva kuedza panyama kubvisa wechidiki pamambo, akafuridzira iye ane subconscious kutya kuti, sezvo vakararama vakati kuti kupenda munhu mupfungwa asian Petro 1, rwaioneka nechiso chake uye vakatevera vari kugeza inenge kusvikira parufu rwake. Kunyange Painters cherechedzai uye recreate kugomo simba, asi panguva imwe chete chiso vaneta chaizvo namambo. Artist Nikitin, Portrait of Peter 1, iyo Zvinoshamisa wayo nyore uye kushaya youmambo makona, chete akapa ichi simba kwake uye simba asi zvikuru akaperera munhu. Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanowanzomuitira "kubvisa" kubwinya Nikitin, dzichishandisa kujairika kuti pakutanga remakore mufanidzo manyorerwo.

Hwindo Europe - German sabhabha

Tikafunga zviitiko izvi zvinoita zvikuru chido wamambo wechidiki zvose European. Hazvibviri kuona basa Kukui - German Colony, raaida kushanyira Kesari. The ushamwari veGermany vavo nzira akashambidzika upenyu zvinoshamisa vakasiyana zvaakanga aona Petro navamwe chete Moscow. Asi, chokwadi, kwete kutarisika mudzimba. The Emperor yakazadzwa nenzira youpenyu iyi chidimbu chiduku Europe.

Vazhinji dzekare vanodavira kuti ichi kushanya Kukui chikamu vakaumba kare mufananidzo Peter 1. pfupi, ramangwana aifarira-Western maonero. Hatifaniri kukanganwa nezvokudanana, zavedonnyh mambo German kuchengetedza. Ikoko akasangana akarega basa mukuru Swiss Frantsem Lefortom, uyo akava chipangamazano mukuru muchiuto, uye anokwezva Anna raiva Mons - ramangwana kufarira yokutanga pamambo. Vose varume ava akaita basa rinokosha munhau yeRussia.

Access kugungwa - yakanakira hondo basa

Peter zvakawanda uye aifarira zvikepe zvakawanda. Zvikuru vakaripira Dutch uye Chirungu vanatenzi kudzidzisa kwaari anonyengera uye anonyengera rokuvaka ngarava. Gare gare, apo Russian mureza vachaenda mnogopushechnye battleships uye frigates, Peter hachisi kamwe kana kaviri kubatsira zivo nuances ose shipbuilding. zvikanganiso zvose uye kuroorana pakuvaka, iye rinorondedzerwa pachake. Ndosaka rakatumidzwa Mambo-muvezi. 1 Peter zvechokwadi aigona kuvaka ngarava kubva uta kuti shure maoko.

Zvisinei, achiri muduku Muscovy aiva mumwe chete mbudo kugungwa - muguta Arkhangelsk. Zvikepe European, Chokwadi, akaenda chengarava, asi inoona nezvenjodzi nzvimbo yakanga anotambudzika kwazvo chakakura yezvokutengeserana Links (nokuda refu uye zvinodhura kutumirwa nhumbi kupinda Russia). Pfungwa iyi akanga achishanyira Chokwadi, kwete chete Poroshenko. Kuti kuenda kugungwa uye yaro vamutangira vakarwa, zvikurukuru remuSamoa.

Peter akafunga kuramba Azov danidziro. Kunyanya rakatanga muna 1686 mberi hondo Turkey. Mauto, izvo akadzidzisa ari European netsika, akanga atova muedzo simba. mishandirapamwe akawanda muchiuto zvakapiwa kuguta gungwa Azov. Asi chete pakupedzisira kubudirire. Zvisinei, kukunda akauya nemutengo. A diki, asi akavaka nenguva azvino ouinjiniya nhare kwakaurayisa vanhu vakawanda Russian.

Kunyange zvazvo chokwadi kuti kubatwa pakati Azov muEurope chaionekwa zvikuru chokwadi (nokufirwa reshiyo), raiva chaiye inokosha kukunda namambo muduku wokutanga. Uye Chikurukuru - Russia pakupedzisira kuwana kugungwa.

Great Northern hondo

Pasinei rakajeka chokwadi enyika European, Peter 1 anotanga kufunga pamusoro Sea reBaltic. The raitonga vepamusoro panguva iyoyo zvikuru pamusoro kukura vavariro imwe duku strategist - ari Swedish King Karl XII. Izvi pamwe chikonzero vokuEurope vakatsigira Moscow chamber yake mukutsvaga kuti chidimbu kuBaltic kumahombekombe nyika kuvhura imomo shipyards uye zviteshi. Zvaiita kuti kuva mbiri kana nhatu zvengarava Russian zvinokwanisika kuti vakwanise uye nokukurumidza hondo nokuda Sea reBaltic zvakakomba simba Sweden, iyo, kunyange simba Russian takunda, asi zvakakomba Musanyura pasi yakaoma yomusango Muscovy.

Saka vakatanga mumwe Northern War refu. It kubvira 1700 kusvika 1721 uye hwakaguma zvaisafungidzirwa kukundwa wehondo wokuSweden pana Poltava, uyewo kufarirwa kuvapo wokuRussia muGungwa reBaltic.

muvandudzi

Chokwadi, pasina zvakakomba zveupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika kuchinja Russia Peter 1 asingadi kucheka akakurumbira "hwindo kuna Europe". Vanochinja chaizvoizvo nzira zvose chinokosha Muscovy. Kana isu nezvazvo hondo, kuti ayo inotungamirwa yava kurigamuchira muna Northern War. Peter akawana zvinhu nokuda kwayo mazuvaano uye sangano iri European womuenzaniso. Uye kana pakutanga kurwa pakati yeSweden ichimbosangana unorganized, kazhinji untrained uye havaratidzi nezvombo dzakabatana pakupera hondo atova mauto simba European, vakakwanisa kuhwina.

Asi kwete chete unhu Peter Mukuru, ane kunoshamisa netarenda mukuru, akamutendera kuti kuhwina kukunda kukuru. The professionalism pamusoro vemauto ake vepedyo uye vanozvinyima - nyaya kwenguva refu uye hune nyaya. Musi heroism nyore Russian musoja anoumbwa yose nengano. Chokwadi, hapana hondo kugona kukunda pasina chakakura shure. Vavariro kuti mauto zvakakurudzira upfumi Russia vekare, uye vakauya nayo mumwe pamwero zvachose. Pashure pezvose, tsika dzakare havana kukwanisa kusangana zvakazara zvinodiwa kukura mauto uye nezvikepe. Zvinenge zvose hwose mufananidzo Peter 1 rinotaura nhumbi yake muchiuto kana makona zvechiuto. Artists akabhadhara mutero kuna Kesari aikodzera.

Hapana hondo chete

Portrait of Peter 1 haangavi kwakakwana kana isu vanamatai pachedu chete kune zveupfumi uye uto akunde. The mambo vanofanira kubhadhara mutero kuna budiriro uye Implementation munzvimbo utungamiriri zvinhu. Chokutanga, kupfungwa weSeneti uye mapuranga pachinzvimbo usashanda uye kushanda panheyo yacho vanhu vakaderera of Boyar Duma uye mirairo.

Chakagadzirirwa naPetro kuti "Table vezvinzvimbo" akaita nokuda kwounyanzvi kuti chidzoke kunzi evanhu mufambo. Nemamwe mashoko, Report Card akapa mukana wokugamuchira zvakanaka uye kwamachinda vachingoshandisa makodzero. Changes vakaitwa uye nezvibvumirano. Pane kare makushe majasi neheti highborn boyars, aimiririra Russia, embasi vamiriri vakanga European chechetere.

Description Peter 1 asian yaizova kukwana kana isu nezvazvo chete superlatives. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mukuru kuwedzera geopolitical Russia, upenyu vanhuwo haana kuchinja zvikuru munyika, uye pane dzimwe nguva (somuenzaniso, rokumanikidzirwa rechiuto) yava rikanyanya. Upenyu nyore serf Takauyira isingasviki upenyu bhiza. Izvi zvakanga kunyanya kuoneka mu "pose" Petro kuvaka nzvimbo. Zviuru zvevanhu vakaurayiwa kuvaka guta rakanaka riri Europe - St. Petersburg. Hapana akafunga vakafa, uye pakuvaka Ladoga Canal ... Uye yakawanda majaya havana kuva varwi, kufa pasi netsvimbo nevatungamiriri Kusuma kurangwa muzvikamu zvechiuto.

Zviri kuti kusakoshesa zvakakwana kuti upenyu hwevanhu vokutanga mambo uye kutsoropodza, akakumikidza kwaari mhirizhonga benzi uye akawandisa chokumbotsamwa vakaurayiwa. Mukuwedzera, tine kwose kwose kwayo achirova utsinye chokwadi mabasa Peter 1.

In kudzivirira munhu uyu anogona chete kutaura chimwe chinhu. mambo wokutanga Russia haasati kure amene navanhu vake vakanga marefu, iyo rakazvibvumirawo vatongi tevera. A chiuru nguva muvengi chinoumba aigona tivatyise. Kakawanda Petr Alekseevich Romanov aigona chete achinyudza pazvikepe kukwana. Uye panguva yose okuvaka, akarara chete matumba varwere vavaki, yokuzogumbura kubata zvirwere, kubva panguva iyoyo yakanga isina zvinodhaka.

Chokwadi, kurindwa nevakuru muvengi mabara Emperor zvinopfuura vanhuwo musoja, aiitirwa navanachiremba zvakanaka, uye haasati achizofa kubva chikosoro akanga zvinopfuura akangofananawo murimi mudiki. Zvisinei, tipedzise tsananguro mufananidzo Peter 1 ndangariro chikonzero rufu rwake. Emperor akafa nemabayo, iro vakagamuchira, yokuponesa mvura inotonhorera wakasuduruka kumhenderekedzo varindi nyore musoja Neva. Chokwadi ndechokuti, kwete kuoneka tichienzanisa mabasa ake upenyu, asi vachiti yakawanda. Kunenge kuti munhu kubva ano "mukuru uye ane simba" anokwanisa kudaro chiito ...