Musin-Pushkin, Alexei Ivanovich: Biography, basa

AI Musin-Pushkin (1744-1818 gg.) - anozivikanwa muteresi uye nomuteresi magwaro ekare Russian uye zvekare, uyewo sezvivako chaidzo. basa rake aiva simba guru pamusoro pokumuka Russian nhoroondo nesayenzi yechipiri yezana XVIII remakore, kana vasayendisiti Russian nevatsvakurudzi zvakakomba kufarira akauya kwesainzi pamusoro kare venyika yedu.

Basa Count ari akapoteredza yaitonga

Alexei Musin-Pushkin aiva hwezuva mumiriri Catherine kuti yaitonga, apo paiva kufarira nekunhonga, Bhuku kodhekisi yekare rezvedzidzo yeChina. Kunze girafu, mamwe masayendisiti akawanda ndiwo vanopenga pamusoro sezvivako yekare. Ushe Catherine II - nguva dzidzo munyika yedu, kana madenderedzwa vakadzidza kuparadzira chokwadi kudiwa kudzidza kare Russia.

Zvakawanda vakadzidza vaiva vasingagutsikane kutonga pfungwa vatorwa, kufarira rinokosha sayenzi Western uye masayendisiti ari fashoni kutevedzera zvose wokumwe. Sokushora pakati vanoverengeka vanoda akare paiva kudavira kuti chinofanira nokungwarira vaiona, uye Chikurukuru - kusimudzira nyika kare munzvimbo ziso kuti kudzidzisa muverengi pfungwa mavambo uye zvitupa nhoroondo Russian. The kutonga pfungwa idzi vakatsunga nekuchiva kuti Count achiunganidza magwaro ekare uye zvinyorwa.

Brief Life Count

Biography Musin-Pushkin Zvinofadza pakuti zvinoratidza sei, kwete ari nyanzvi wenhoroondo, pashure zvose, akaita rakakura kukura nesayenzi ichi. Iye akaberekerwa mumhuri Captain Guard, vakapedza kudzidza atirari School, yakanga tisina kugadzirira kuti makirasi nhoroondo Russian. Iye aishanda mubatsiri kuna Orlov, uye kana iye basa, akabva akaenda rwendo kunze, panguva yaakanga akashanyira dzakawanda dzokuEurope. Paakadzoka kuRussia, iye akagadzwa womutambo. Kwemakore, ave achishumira siyana neruzhinji masangano, kusanganisira ari gavhuna mukuru Revafundisi. Mumakore akazotevera ake akagara muMoscow, apo akaramba basa rake zvibereko wokuunganidza Antiquities.

Zvinoumba kwesainzi

Musin-Pushkin Aifarira Zvivako zvekare uye zvinyorwa. Panyaya iyi, mabasa ayo dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa pamusoro ndima neavo vemamwe kubudisa akakurumbira guru uye vakakurumbira archivists akadai Bantysh-Kamensky, novikov, Rumyantsev, etc. Vose vanoedza popularize yokuRussia zvenhaka uye vanoshora kuti dzokuMadokero European simba iyo zvino vakakunda zvesayenzi uye ongororo yesayenzi. Maererano navo, chete kudzidza zvinyorwa zvekare aigona kubatsira kunzwisisa mavambo nhau muitiro kuRussia, uyewo kubatsira kunzwisisa kusiyana nzira yaro kubva Western Europe.

Musin-Pushkin, achiita mweya nguva yake, akateerera zvikuru kuunganidza zvinyorwa. Chinangwa chake zvainyatsokonzerwa rokudzidzisa: kuti zivisa vezvesayenzi uye kuverenga paruzhinji pamwe sezvivako. The peculiarity kutsvakurudza ake masayendisiti kuti akaunganidza zvose zvimwe chaiva nechokuita nokunzwisisa yekare kuti chero kupi rinogona kukosha zvikuru nyika dzidzo.

Kuunganidza zvinyorwa akare

Pasina kuwedzerera, tinogona kutaura kuti Musin-Pushkin akaita guru nzira. Chokwadi kuti kubatikana panguva dzakasiyana yakakwirira pamutemo nzvimbo akamupa mukana kuunganidza uye kuchengeta chinokosha sezvivako. VaJudha vainyanya kukoshesa nguva apo akanga ari gavhuna mukuru Revafundisi. At kuomerera ake, Catherine II muna 1792 chirevo chinokosha stipulating ari kushaya kuti wemamongi yamabhuku raMakoronike yekare, avo mazita uye yekare mabhuku sezvivako.

Saka nemamwe wayo kukosha pakati Manyoro pazvakawanikwa: mukuru mazita kwokutanga yaMakoronike Laurentian, mumwe yepakutanga mazita Russian Pravda uye mamwe magwaro anokosha. Mumaruwa Musin-Pushkin aiva anokosha yomuchipatara kutenga kukwira ekare mapepa. Uyezve, bibliophiles zhinji, muchiziva nekuchiva rokuchera zvinyorwa Count vakatanga kubvisa naye makopi dzavo; parutivi haana kusara kunyange Catherine II, iyo akamupawo chimedu zvinyorwa ake.

Rinonyatsooneka zvakawanwa

Count Musin-Pushkin anozivikanwa zvikurukuru nokuti chokwadi kuti ndeyake kupemberera rechitsauko Monument yekare "Lay." Nezvokumutswa yokupedzisira ezvinhu, zita iri pamwe rizivikanwe ose wechikoro. Nemuteresi pachake pakarepo vakaziva kukosha dzavo vawana, uye vakakurumidza kubudisa ichi rakasiyana kunobva. Sezvineiwo, saka shongwe akaponeswa uye rava kuwanikwa kuti kuparadzirwa kune voruzhinji. Yaiva yakakodzera chaizvo nechiyero, sezvo yakasiyana wemabhuku archivist chakatsva panguva moto muMoscow muna 1812 munguva nechisimba Napoleon. The moto vakauraya vamwe Zvivako zvinokosha zvizhinji.

Musin-Pushkin, Alexei Ivanovich akazarura nevaongorori zvakadai nemamwe manyuko sezvo regal bhuku uye Nikon Chronicle. Yaiva zvakakosha zvikuru zvakawanikwa, nokuti panguva ino, vakawanda kare Russian vakatanga kunyora mabasa anokosha pamusoro munhoroondo Russia, uye vazhinji vavo vakashandisa zvinhu zviri girafu.

Publishing mabasa

Fans wokuRussia kare kwete kutarira, asiwo kubudisa zvakabudiswa dzavo yepakutanga. Chinangwa chavo chaiva, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kuzozivisa kuverenga paruzhinji chete nhoroondo Russian yekare. Naizvozvo, racho Zvivako akanga zvinokosha mabasa avo rokudzidzisa.

Zvakaoma nesayenzi kudzidza yaMakoronike uye zvinyorwa havasi basa ravo, asi bhuku akaunganidzwa anopa pakati drafters Akaperekedzwa mamwe manyuko chinokosha mashoko uye zvakawanika, asina vakarasikirwa kushanda kwavo nhasi. Dzinoratidzwa nokuti Musin-Pushkin, uyewo vamwe vaparidzi kumboda haana kuisa rakanyorwa yake rokunyora akaunganidzwa, saka kuvavarira zvakazara kutarisa muverengi afunge pamusoro gwaro.

mabhuku aya pachena zvinoonekwa chinangwa kutsikisa. Musin-Pushkin ari mashoko ake kune akabudiswa yaMakoronike kazhinji chema chokwadi chokuti intelligentsia zvakare Chinomufadza vatorwa kubudirira kwesayenzi uye kuregeredza nhoroondo yekare Russian.

Other mabasa

Kuwedzera kutora zvinyorwa vekare, Nadya akanga mumabasa zvesayenzi uye administrative mabasa. Aiva nhengo Academy of Sciences uye aiitawo basa rokunyora duramanzwi. Asi mumwe kupfuura zvibereko basa rake raiva basa Academy of Arts. Akaunganidza mabasa vatenzi European, kirasi achiita zvokutemera nzvimbo yakavhurwa pasi auspices wayo. Iye akavhomora nzvimbo ino vazhinji vakakurumbira vakadai Shubin, Kozlovsky nevamwe.

Musin-Pushkin akanga neVadzidzi vanozivikanwa uye akakurumbira masayendisiti kwenguva yake sezvo Bantysh-Kamensky, Karamzin, Boltin, Dubrovsky akadaro. Vachida kurishandisa paainyora zvinyorwa mabasa ake.

Zvinomirirwa girafu iri National historiography kukura

Mitambo Alexei Ivanovich vanofanira munyaya akapoteredza yaitonga. Panguva ino, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, masayendisiti akawanda vanenge mubasa racho rekare zvinyorwa Russian. Panyaya iyi, zita girafu inogona kupfeka ndima nenyanzvi zvikuru yamabhuku, kufanana Bantysh-Kamensky uye novikov.

Ake zvakabudiswa Anokosha yokudzidza nhoroondo munyika kare, sezvinoratidzwa ndechokuti makuru dzekare akashandisa zviwanikwa mukugadzirwa mabasa ake inokosha. Photo Musin-Pushkin inotiratidza kuti akanga asiri chete wamambo simba chaizvo nguva yake, asi akangwara chaizvo, vakangwara uye murume akadzidza.