Nikon Chronicle: mazita uye sezvamunoita

Nikon Chronicle - chikuru nhoroondo Monument remakore rechi16. Zvinofadza kuti rine yakakwana ndandanda zviitiko zvenhoroondo Russian, kwete kuwanikwa mamwe manyoro zvinyorwa.

Uyezve, bhuku rine mashoko pamusoro marudzi pedyo, iyo vakatsunga kufarira masayendisiti kuti nzvimbo iyi. Aiva simba zvikuru nemabhuku emabasa nyika yedu, nokuti ndiwo yakakwana pakati mamwe mabasa akafanana.

Nhanganyaya yesayenzi chimurenga

Nikon Chronicle chikazikamwa voruzhinji kunokwana inozivikanwa mutsvakurudzi V. N. Tatischevu, uyo akarishandisa paainyora basa rake guru riri munhoroondo Russia. Akapa tsanangudzo pfupi pamusoro shongwe iyi inokosha, ichiti kuti akauya kuna 1630 uye chasainwa Patriarch Nikon.

In yechipiri yezana remakore rechi18, panobva rakabudiswa Schletzer uye Bashilov kuti vakashandisa sezvo hwaro remanyoro mugadzi ake. Pakupera 19 - kuti bhuku idzva rakazova kwezana remakore rechi20, uye panguva imwecheteyo mazita matsva vakakweverwa. In pre-echimurenga historiography Nikon Chronicle akanga akadzidza kwazvo.

Huru pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna zvinokonzera masayendisiti, iyo yakaumbwa maererano yake kunyora. Kufarira haina Akadzimwa mu yaitonga Soviet Union. Panguva iyi, vatsvakurudzi akaronga nguva uye nzvimbo yaro sezvamunoita, akasimbisa nezvezvisikwa munyori, uye inoitwa-Kunyatsoongorora socio-enyika mamiriro ezvinhu nenguva iyo yakatanga.

On muvambi maonero ake

Nikon Chronicle akanga rakanyorwa pamusoro chirongwa pamusoro Metropolitan Daniel, uyo akabata pambiru muna 1522-1539, ukuwo. Aifarira mabhuku ekare, aiva kuwana zvekare uye vaifarira muzvinhu zvose-Russian. Uyezve, iye aifarira munhau dzezvematongerwo enyika, vakatsigira zviito Moscow vatongi. Naizvozvo, rakanyorwa pasi ake utungamiri Monument zvakazadza nomwoyo-Russian hunhu, iro wakatsunga kukosha kwayo mune socio-enyika pfungwa.

Pakati kuteerera compiler vazhinji rokukurumidzira uye dzinokosha nguva yake. Pakati pavo nzvimbo akakurumbira maigara mubvunzo pamusoro mamiriro ezvemari ari Archdiocese uye kuremekedza dzomudzimu uye masimba. Uyezve, Daniel aifarira akanyengetedza Russia uye Lithuania, uyewo nhoroondo yokumusha kwavo - the Ryazan hugota. Zviri zvakare mukuru nzvimbo basa yetsiva vanyengeri.

matura

Nikon Chronicle, pakabva zita aishamwaridzana zita bhishopi rechi17, chokwadi, zvakanyorwa yapfuura remakore. Tatishchev zvisiri vakafunga kuti shongwe iyi yakaitwa pana Nikon rweberere mumwe mazita.

The hwaro kunyora Chronicle semupi nyaya, ngano dzekare, hagiographies, chevarwere, uyewo zvakachengetedzwa zvinhu. Paainyorera compilers Tex akakwezva dzimwe yaMakoronike, somuenzaniso Iosafovskuyu, Novgorod nevamwe vazhinji. Hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti nhamba mashoko pasi pokukurukura Shongwe rakasiyana uye kwasvika nguva yedu chete kwayo sezvamunoita.

Ecclesiastical nyaya

Anokosha nyaya nguva yake kuratidza Nikon Chronicle. Kwakabva zita Shongwe nokuda chikanganiso panguva akabvuma Tatishchev. Zvisinei, zvinonzi ndizvo kwazvo munharaunda zvesayenzi kuti richiri vakachengetedzwa. The compilers ari manyoro vaita inokosha zvinhu kubudiswa, ari kuongorora izvo zvinoita kuti tinzwisise chii zvinetso vakachengetana.

The Vanyori kudzivirira pfuma yechechi. The gakava pamusoro kana dzemamongi kunyika nezvimwe pfuma, aiva mumwe kupfuura chakasimba mu Ages Russia. Hazvishamisi kuti zvinyorwa anotakura pfungwa kudiwa kuchengetedza nokuda archdiocese pfuma. Nikon Chronicle, kwakabva izvo zvinofanira munyaya akapoteredza yaitonga, akabata pfungwa kudiwa sungano rokunyika uye zvokunamata simba.

Nyaya yacho church muna 1531

Pamusangano uyu mibvunzo inokosha chaizvo zvaiiswa pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu uye mamiriro nekereke uye wemamongi vakuru vakuru, izvo zvinoratidzwa chipo Monument. Chimwe chezvinhu gakava nyaya yaitonga - ndiro dambudziko kana dzemamongi neImba mumisha kana kwete. Monument anoti vane kodzero nyika Holdings muna pfuma. Zvakanga hune panguva nemaonero, uko vaiita nokuda chikuru machinda.

Chimwe nyaya inokosha nguva upenyu Church - ndiwo chisarudzo mabhishopi Russian pasina mvumo weConstantinople. Muzana remakore rechi15 yeRussian Church vakava yakazvimirira. Uye saka zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kugadzira ayo mamiriro matsva. Mukuwedzera, panguva ino, chero manyepo, kurwa rakanga dzinotyisa zvikuru. Saka, nyaya iyi iri kunooneka mune shongwe.

magazini

Nikon Chronicle, ane zita rinobva zvayo mazita, akanga vakabva vaisanganisa nevamwe pamutemo hunhu zvinhu. Original kugadzira kwaikosha. Iye vakabatsira kuti backlog pamusoro systematization magwaro zvakachengetedzwa uye pave mumagariro uye enyika pfungwa. Mutumbi Metropolitan Dhanieri kuzadzikiswa enhoroondo Kumuka uye pakutanga kwoumambo sahwira.

Kwakauya yakakurumbira Patriarch mazita. Wakaisa itsva iyi zvikuru kushandiswa kunyanya madenderedzwa muchechi, apo yechipiri yezana remakore rechi16 paiva yakakurumbira Mubhuku grade - basa, achiudza bhodhi iri Old machinda Russian, upenyu mabhishopi. Monument ichi Zvinoshamisawo pakuti ndiye kuedza kutanga systematize nhoroondo weRussia.

itsva pasi

Zvinokosha zvikuru Ages nguva ndiyo Nikon Chronicle. Muchidimbu pamusoro Arch ichi kunogona ona zvinotevera: ichi ndiwo mupumburu zvinokosha, izvo akaumba hwaro haizopereri zvose-N yaMakoronike 16-17 emakore. Its chepakutanga wakachengetwa imwe kuti hurumende, iyo inoratidza kukosha kuti akapa simba vari kugadzirira Codes matsva.

Papera kanguva, yakanga vaisanganisa nokuda kare kutaurwa zvinhu. Panewo chikamu chacho rakawedzerwa, iro rinotaura pamusoro yezvakaitika muna 1556-1558, ukuwo. Saka akasimuka yakakurumbira mazita Obolensky. Iyi izere shanduro chepakutanga. Mushure painenge dzakabatanidzwa machira izvo kumwezve rondedzero muBhaibheri.

Mugumisiro pamutemo wenhoroondo

Hwaro idzva kwomuchinda penzvimbo rechipiri yezana remakore rechi16 akadzoka Nikon Chronicle. Oprichnina yaiva nguva inotungamirwa ane dzidziso itsva. Ivan Grozny akaedza kutsanangura yezvakaita autocratic simba roumambo. Saka, kana vakatanga kushingaira basa iri kusikwa mabhuku mabasa, mururamisire pfungwa.

Mumakore 1568-1576 ari pamberi Alexander kugarwa akatanga akamisa huru zvitsva, akadana mberi. Zvinoratidza zviitiko zvose zvenyika uye nenyika nhoroondo. Akanga akashongedzwa miniatures, sezvo nyaya iyi yakaitwa "iri vanhu." Nikon Chronicle, zviri izvo anoenderana nourongwa idzva mambo uye preparers Monument, kushandiswa paainyora. Shure chinyorwa ichi akapiwa Utatu-rwacho Segiyo wemamongi, kwaakaramba kusvikira 1637.

zvimwe kugadzira

Mugore iroro bumbiro akatumwa hurongwa Grand Palace. Saka, kubva yokuverenga kutevedzera zvakananga wemamongi chakaitwa. It akaumba hwaro imwe list, iyo yakanga vaisanganisa pamwe zvinhu. Gare gare akaramba nyaya inobva pamutemo Monument wokuRussia socio-political Washed muzana remakore rechi17 - the New sahwira. Magazini ino itsva zvichachengetwawo akawanda mazita. Mumwe wavo aiva tateguru Nikon, ane zita akapa zita yose Monument.

mamiriro

Chinonyanya kukosha zviitiko zvenhoroondo Russian wairatidza Nikon Chronicle. Pfupiso of shongwe zvinogona inozivikanwa sezvinotevera: zvinyorwa rino zviitiko kubva 9 kusvika 16 remakore.

Pakutanga, chechi akaisa shongwe hunhu: pamazita mabhishopi. Next ari anotevedzana nhoroondo ekunze netsaona. Sections kurondedzera remakore rechi12, vatsvene zvakadzama kupfuura avo kuti vakazvitsaurira kuna emakore akasiyana. Kuti uwane mamwe akawedzera kuti magwaro yepakutanga kuti kuudza nezvenhoroondo rechi16 remakore, kunyanya ushe Ivana Groznogo.

Sequels

Nikon Chronicle, iyo mamiriro omei nekuti kurapwa akawanda wedzero ane mimwe inoisa. Naivowo kutarisirwa. Tinofanirawo vanotaurawo nezvimedu zvezvingwa regal bhuku iyo yakatorwa kurondedzerwa tsaona mumakore 1533-1553. Monument ichi - chinokosha pamusoro Personal rakatenderera, inoti pfungwa autocratic simba mutongi.

Akati chitsetsu kunonyanya inonakidza pakuti basa kugutsikana wayo pachake Ivan Grozny. Mutongi aiva kufarira sei kuzviruramisa simba ideologically risingaperi zviri namambo. Zvinofanira kuva rinokosha kududzwa shongwe dzakadaro, sezvo nyaya noupenyu mwanakomana wake uye mugari wenhaka.

chinyorwa ichi anorondedzera ushe Fedor Ivanovich. Munyori anoti akanga akazvipira chaizvo, uye vakawanda nguva hwakapedzerwa nokunyengetera nokutsanya. Kubva ichi hunobuda mufananidzo shongwe ane gavhuna mutsva - munhu nyarara uye munyoro. Uyewo kunobva pane nhau pamusoro chiitiko yake inokosha mumwe upenyu Church - pokugadzwa patriarchate kuRussia. The musoro wekereke Russian akava Job, uyo akanyora nyaya. Mairi, akapawo tsanangudzo laudatory pamusoro Boris Godunov. Akatsanangurawo wamambo kufora kuna Ivangorod.

nyaya

By Nikon Chronicle dzakabatanidzwa anoverengeka dzinonakidza mabhuku mabasa. Vamwe vanozviitira madingindira yechitendero, mumwe - hondo uye hondo yenyika uye nyika nhoroondo. Mumwe wavo - ari kubatwa weConstantinople muna 1204. Ichi chiitiko vakavazunzira kuziva vakararama panguva.

Chimwe zvakaedza anotaura hondo yeRussian namachinda mukuru, Vladimir choushe. mabasa akawanda chose pakurwisa Mongol-Tatars, yeSweden. Vamwe vanoudza zvichaitirwa machinda, vakuru, mabhishopi. Also kwaisanganisira uri chine upenyu kwevatsvene, nyaya paupenyu madzimambo uye vanhu vakakurumbira venyika Ages nguva.

Supplements

Kuwedzera kune zvivako izvi, yaMakoronike vari uwane kurondedzerwa zvimwe enyika zviitiko. Tinofanira kutaura nyaya yacho muchato Ivana Groznogo muumambo. Ichi chinhu chakakosha kwazvo chimedu, nekuti nyaya zvikuru zviitiko zvinokosha munhoroondo Russian - zvichiita umambo mutongi.

Kufungisisa chokwadi kuti zvinyorwa yave ainyanya Ivan, izvo akashandisa rugwaro kupembedza pfungwa yokuti Mhedziso umambo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kupinza nyaya yakadaro yakanga zvikuru pfungwa kukosha. Zvinokoshawo kuti kutaura nyaya kubatwa pakati Kazan - mumwe kiyi zviitiko munhoroondo rokutonga kwake.

Zvisinei, Nikon Chronicle haibatanidzi zvinoverengeka magwaro anokosha anogona kuwanikwa mune dzimwe sezvivako. Somuenzaniso, hapana "Russian Chokwadi" iri kuongorora zvinyorwa - unokosha gwaro repamutemo. Zvisinei, bumbiro iri - chikuru tsime zvose-Russian hunhu. Aiva simba guru magariro uye pfungwa enyika ari 16-17th emakore.