Chii chaiva West Asia kare? Nharaunda, kukura marudzi

Orientalism - atumidzwa nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza nhoroondo Ancient East. Muchiitiko chino, izvi izwi kurehwa harisi nenzvimbo nzvimbo. Chinhu kwetsika nharaunda anofukidza Asian ndima, uye North Africa, apo kunyange ikozvino, sezvo kuMabvazuva, vaMuslim. Zvisinei, Western Asia kare aisadaro, sezvo tinozviziva nhasi. Yakanga siyanei chitendero, tsika, tsika uye nzira youpenyu. We funga zvino zvakadzama chii chaiva map Western Asia munguva dzekare, chii tsika ikoko vakanga kumhanya uye sei vanhu vaigara mumazuva iwayo.

nenzvimbo miganhu

Kutanga ticharamba kutarira nyika zvaiva munharaunda Ancient East. A kweItari Malaya Aziya, apo nhasi Turkey, kuti Eastern Mediterranean, Mesopotamia (Iraq ano), reSinai Peninsula, Dolina Nila. Dzimwe nguva map Western Asia kare kunosanganisirawo nharaunda vemazuva Iran, vaiva ipapo mumwe nyika nzvimbo kukura. Zvisinei, kubva nenzvimbo nemaonero, izvi zvinhu ndezvaJehovha nechepakati chikamu kondinendi, uye tsika iyoyo, ivo akasiyana yekudyidzana nedzimwe pamusoro. Kwemakore, kumiganhu izvi rakatsaurirwa yakananga West Africa, uye kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba pamusoro Middle East. Culture kupararira uye wakafananidzwa pamwe kuchamhembe dzavanhu.

Periodization nokuverenga nguva

History of Western Asia yakatanga kusvika 3100 BC. e., kana aumba mangwanani dynastic nguva muIjipiti. Pakutanga, nyika yakakamurwa kupinda North uye South, Lower uye kweEgypt, uye aro kugarwa (maguta kuvadaidza haagoni kuva) iri chete Mumupata murwizi. Muna 3060, yokutanga vakasvika simba (ndiko kunyorwa mapepa pamberi payo, Chokwadi, paiva nevamwe vatongi) Farao - Mina, kana Menes. Iye vakabatana marudzi ose uye nenharaunda, uye akatanga kubudisa zvinhu kuti kuteerera zvose mugari pfuma yake.

Wechipiri mukuru dzomunyika kuMiddle East - ndiyo sevaSumer Akkadians, vaigara muMesopotamia. Nguva yavo anotanga gare gare - muna 2900 BC. e. Vanhu pano akagara akafanana Egipita - pamahombekombe rwaTigrisi uye rwizi rwaYufratesi. A maitiro chinoratidza veko vanhu yaiva rudzi rwavo. SevaSumer - vanhu, iyo zvino vakafunga kuti nokutsakatika. Vakanga vari miduku, stocky akavaka. Akkadians zvakare vaiona madzitateguru navaArabhu ano - varefu, mutete, rima-ganda. madzinza izvi munyika yavo kwenguva refu nguva zvaiita kuti kugara oga, asi remakore rechi21 BC. e. vanobatana muna Sumerian-weAkkadian umambo mukutonga kwamambo wokutanga - Urukagina.

Ijipiti nzira kwayo okukura

Pashure kuuya simba, wokutanga Farao mumigodhi munyika kumisa chete hurongwa hurumende administrative pokugumira. Pairi anotanga Dynasties kwakatora kusvikira mangwanani emakore itsva yaitonga. A maitiro chinoratidza muIjipiti yekare aiva kuvaka mapiramidhi vakanga coffins kuti vanafarao akafa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti West Asia kare raiva nharaunda yechihedheni, uye nyika haisi zvagara. VaEgipita anonamatwa zvakasikwa, mhuka uye vatongi vavo. Uyewo chinokosha ndechokuti muIjipiti aiva nyika chete munzvimbo kuti yave vabatane, uye ose nemisha akaisa kuhurumende nechepakati.

Mesopotamia uye mamiriro ayo

West Asia makarekare kazhinji isu vachiwadzana pamwe munharaunda Mesopotamia, apo zvino nhema nezvimedu Bhabhironi uye Ninivhi. Kusiyana centralized Egipita, ipapo hunodzorwa muguta-mamiriro. Vamwe vavo vari vakabatana akaita nyika, asi mukutanga nguva yose simba rakanga asipo. In Pakuurayiwa kukura dzavanhu kumadokero kweAsia, aigara Mesopotamia, akaswedera zvakasimba. Vakashandisa kwegadziriro kudiridzwa nokuda rokuchenesa, vakanga evanhu minda, mapurazi, uye kunyange hondo. The pakuonekwa yokupedzisira pave zvachose nebope kuti aivapo pakati sevaSumer Akkadians. Mushure Sumerian-weAkkadian umambo Zvaparara, Mesopotamia yakakamurwa dzikava mbiri idzi: kumaodzanyemba kwaiva umambo weBhabhironi, uye kuchamhembe - Asiria. Izvi zvikuru budiriro vachiri idambudziko makakatanwa kusingaperi uye chakavanzika kuna dzakaitika.

Anatolia uye Eastern reMediterranean

Papera chinguva pane muIjipiti uye Mesopotamia, takatanga kuva guta-mamiriro, riri kumabvazuva pamhenderekedzo kweGungwa reMediterranean. Panyaya Anatolia (Turkey) Saka akaumba muHiti umambo - takabatana uye simba mamiriro, rakanga riri zvakasimba ukama North Africa neMesopotamiya. West Asia makarekare akatungamirira kugara hondo nendudzi vaipikisa mumwe. Nokuda kuramba pakuunganidza ndima, vanhu vakanga kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu. Pashure pemazana emakore kumanikidzwa vaitamira akaumba Afro-asiatic mhuri rwedzinza rinozivikanwa kwatiri nhasi. Inoitwa ainyanya maArab uyo kutora zvakafanana kuMiddle East nharaunda, inotaura mumwe nenzvimbo nharaunda West Asia uye North Africa.