Kuban People Republic: kare, urongwa ndima

Mumwe chakajeka Zvikamu zviri Civil Hondo rwezasi Russia yakanga kusikwa yakazvimirira vanhu zvokuvhoterwa munharaunda Kuban yaro kudzora zvose Bolsheviks uye White Guard kuti akazvipira mauto, izvo akaedza amutore pasi pake. Kuti mashoko sei zvakaitika izvi nyaya zvizere kunoshamisa akaudza ari munyaya yedu.

Territory, mureza uye maoko maoko richangobva kuumbwa zvokuvhoterwa

Mundima Kuban vanhu Republic, vakazivisa muna February 1918, kwave kukuru kwazvo uye vakasvika 94400 km². It akatambanudza kubva Yeisk estuary (Bay Gungwa Azov) kuchamhembe huru Caucasus gomo siyana nechokumaodzanyemba. Kumadokero chikamu kusvika Kerch Strait uye kumabvazuva zvasvika Sea Black mudunhu, nzvimbo yaiva Novorossiysk.

Flag of Kuban rinomiririra Panel akaparadzaniswa pedyo chinjikira zvitema, tsvuku uye namavanga manyoro, pamwe upamhi evaMedhia ubvise yakanga kaviri kupfuura mwero. Kukosha neimwe ruvara akanga usatsungirira vhidhiyo, asi zvinofungirwa kuti waimirira tsvuku of Black Sea Cossacks - vazukuru Cossacks, zvitema - venhaka Don Cossacks, uye mitema - the Cossacks, vaiva makomo Muslim. Aiva zvokuvhoterwa chacho maoko maoko, pikicha iyo anoiswa munyaya.

Chii Kuban vanhu Republic?

Internal Design kuti rinozviti hurumende marongerwo akananga ataman musoro ndiyo panguva wavarwi mauto chete zvombo. basa rayo raiva kugadzwa nhengo hurumende, iye pachake akasarudzwa kuti izwi of 4 makore Kuban Batsirai munhu unopinza, iyo pamwe chete Kuban Batsirai Paramende ndiwo mukuru zvemitemo mutumbi mamiriro dzidzo.

Kuban People kwakaita Zimbabwe 1918 ayo political sezvamunoita raiva heterogeneous kwazvo, pamwe unorema vanhu nyasha maviri mapoka kupfuura vazhinji. Mumwe wavo, zveupfumi simba, yainzi "Chernomorets" uye yaisanganisira ainyanya wevamiriri kweGungwa Dema Ukrainian vaitaura Cossacks vakamira separatist dzemitemo. Chernomortsy akadana kusikwa yakazvimirira, Kuban State vakabatana kuUkraine pamusoro batana dzemitemo.

Vatsigiri enyika boka rechipiri, rinonzi "Lineytsev" nyasha panopindwa Kuban mu "mumwe uye indivisible Russia." Munyika iyoyo, apo paiva Kuban vanhu Republic (1918-1920 gg.) Between mauto enyika dzakarwiwa shingirira kurwisa, dzimwe nguva zvinotora zvikuru unopinza chimiro. Special kukasira nayo rakapiwa pokugadzwa Kuban Bolshevik hwechiKomonisiti.

The kusarudza nhungamiro maitiro

Muna 1918, Kuban vanhu Republic, uyewo dzakapoteredza ndima yayo dzizobatanidzwa mukuru basa kuchinjwa kwesimba mumaoko ari Bolsheviks vakanga vaitsigira Sea Black rwenyika, kudzora zvavanopa ndokwaanosimbiswa kare December 1917.

Sei zvinobudirira kuratidza nesimba Bolsheviks muna Kuban nharaunda, wainyanya idivi ichava Cossacks vemo, izvo kubatikana panguva iyoyo waiting uye regai kutaura rutsigiro ikavamedza kana muvengi wavo huru - White Volunteer Army, iyo vakarwa kumaodzanyemba kweRussia.

Inokonzera, rebounding kubva Cossacks kwehurumende itsva

Asi nokuwa 1918 akauya kuchinja chinokosha mafungire Cossacks. chikonzero chake zvaipesana zvavanoda ivo policies vakadzinganiswa iri Bolsheviks ari mundima pasi pavo. Zvakange kwakunoitwa kutorerwa nyika kuva yaimbova Cossack Army, uyewo kugadzirisa wenhaka yenyika bwezvingoro, aiva tsika refu.

Sparking okutsutsumwa uye zvakaenzana kodzero Cossacks pamwe vasara akaturikidzana chavagari mudunhu. Izvi zvakazoita kuti incitement ruvengo mezhsoslovnoy kazhinji yazova ropa nokurwisana. Pakupedzisira, mumwe kusarudza basa ravo pakusarudza vairidza kuwedzera zviitiko zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye ugororo zvakaitwa vezvikwata of Red Army, uye vakabata Bolshevik utungamiri anoita Decossackization, kureva yezve pakati Cossacks zvavo enyika neechiuto kodzero.

Kutanga hondo pamwe Bolsheviks

Somugumisiro, kubudikidza mumatsutso 1918 ruzhinji Cossacks vakava vavengi hurumende itsva, uye anenge ose Kuban vanhu Republic akabatana Anti-Bolshevik kufamba. Pakadaro, ari Kuban kwematunhu Batsirai, uye, naizvozvo, uye kuteerera nehondo yake vakaedza kuwana pamusoro maviri Anti-Bolshevik, asi kuita aparadzane mumwe nemauto uye enyika ehondo - utungamiriri munzvimbo Don Cossacks uye Ukrainian hurumende. makwikwi kwakadaro kuti kudziviswa Joint Action, chete simba zvinonyatsorehwa kurwisa zviri mberi vamapoka Red Army uye kupesana pakati Anti-Bolshevik kufamba.

Muna August 1918, pashure mukukunda kumukirawo kuti yakagundika Taman vanotungamirirwa Colonel PS Peretyatko, akakwanisa pakusunungura Bolsheviks zvose zvakarurama pamahombekombe Kuban uye kusika yakavimbika boka revarwi rinorinda kurwisa of Volunteer Army ikoko. Nemhaka kuwanikwa mikana mitsva, ayo mberi dzakabatana Yakabata 17 August Ekaterinodar.

chimbi sarudzo

Chimwe chiitiko chinokosha muupenyu reRepublic rakaitirwa nguva pfupi asati musangano hurumende. On kwakasarudzwa, maererano nako Kuban vanhu Republic akaramba Anti-Bolshevik kuparapatika mubatanidzwa pamwe Volunteer Army of Don, pane pamwe Ukraine.

Somugumisiro gare gare kuti sarudzo kwakaita kusawirirana zhinji uye kuzvipokanidza kuti vavapo pakati Kuban vatungamiriri White Guard Command. Chinokosha kusiyana akarara pakuti Don vanhu, nokuongorora Kuban sechinhu chinokosha Russia, vakatsvaka kushomeka masimba ehurumende uye ayo kuzviisa pasi Musoro Ataman of Don wemasoja Gen. AI Denikin (mufananidzo akaratidzwa pazasi).

Kuban, akavapindurawo, unozviti kuenzana rokugadzirirsa rinokosha muchiuto uye dzezvematongerwo enyika. Uyezve, zviito zvavo akagarisa kusagutsikana pachedu Denikin, iye ndokuutora mutemo kupindira munyaya dzomunyika peshoko Cossack nharaunda uye kumanikidzira mhinduro dzavo. Saka, akapotsa vakaumba sungano nokukurumidza akatanga isaparara.

The mhosva, iro nengozi

Kwokupedzisira zororo pakati zuro wacho vatsigiri akauya mushure chakaitika June 19, 1919 pamusoro South Russian musangano paKokorodzano muna Rostov kugadzwa kwoUmambo rimwe Anti-Bolshevik mberi. Pazuva iroro, N. Riabovol musoro Kuban hurumende, akapfurwa akafa pashure pokunge achitsoropodzwa Denikin. mhondi ake aiva nhengo utungamiriri Volunteer Army.

mhosva iyi aita kushatirwa pakati dzakafara akaturikidzana of Kuban vagari. Cossacks Ndivanaani akabatanidza pamberi panhengo Volunteer Army uye Kwairatidza panguva 68,7% yevashandi vayo, akatanga chirwirangwe kusiya mugove wavo. Izvi zvokuti pashure 3 mwedzi Denikin nemauto vane asingasviki 10%.

Somugumisiro, mashoko Volunteer Army kumaodzanyemba Russia uye Kuban vanhu Republic vakatambura kunokosha zvakakanganisika opedzisira ayo yetsiva kugona. Somugumisiro, zvakanga mumwe zvikonzero kukundwa of White kufamba.

Wokupedzisira akaedza kuitika deadlock

Mukutanga mumatsutso 1919 Kuban People Republic, nhoroondo iri pedyo kupera, iye akazivisa sevavengi kwete Bolsheviks, asi vanotsigira poumambo, iro akawana rutsigiro rokuzvipira Don White kufamba.

Panguva iyoyowo vevatariri Regional unofara vaishingaira kutsigira secession of Kuban kubva Russia. Pakupera kwegore vachiedza kuwana richangobva akasika chaMarudzi chakaitwa kushanda nokuti Kuban People Republic muna sezvamunoita kwayo kodzero yakazvimirira sangano.

Kuti asimbise mauto ayo zvinogona of Kuban vebasa akapedzisa rechiuto kubatana pamwe Mountain Republic - mamiriro, vakazivisa muna 1917 pamusoro munharaunda Terek nharaunda, ane kwakasvika Vladikavkaz. Mhedzisiro danho iri raiva yakakura kusembura mune ukama murayiro muchiuto of South Russia sezvo Volunteer Army panguva iyoyo vachirwa Cossack Army Mountain Republic.

Pokuwa Kuban vanhu Republic

Kupera dzavo yakawiriranwa ruvengo uye anozviti kuuchangamire munharaunda huru iyi akaiswa chinotangira Red Army muna 1920, yainzi kuhondo Denikin nemauto vakawanda kusiya. Mutungamiriri akaedza kurambidza ichi nokutumira mhirizhonga Cossack mumisha, ane basa raiva kubata uye kudzokera kuhondo nemaune akasiya ayo pamisara. Zvisinei, iye akaita chinhu chikuru Kuban hasha pachinhu pachake uye mauto ake. Panguva iyi, Cossacks zhinji asiya kuti Red Army.

The yokupedzisira kukundwa Anti-Bolshevik mauto ari Kuban uye kuti Don Army Region kwakaitika March 1920. Ipapo Red Army akabata ayo yakakurumbira Kuban-Novorossiysk oparesheni. Kusiya anokumhan'arira Ekaterinodar Volunteer Corps vakadzokera shure, uye Kuban nehondo, chakatsikirirwa kumuganhu pamwe Georgia, May 3, capitulated.

Pasinei chokuti nokukurumidza Kuban waibatanidzwa RSFSR, munhu zvesimba pakati Cossacks navanesimba itsva akaramba kusvikira 1925 tariro yokuti Kuban vanhu Republic inogona patsva zvakare. Ichi chaiva chikonzero kuti kwemakore vose vaivapo, kusvikira pakutanga Great Patriotic War, muna Kuban nharaunda Kunyanya utsinye vaiva vakawanda udzvanyiriri uye anoita Decossackization uye dispossession chakaparira nzara, izvo kwakauraya zviuru zvevanhu.