Akakwana gasi

Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa zvine dzavo ezvinhu aggregation, rimwe riri gasi. Zvinoumba zvacho - mamorekuru uye maatomu - vari munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva kunze kure. Zvisinei, vari kugara vakasununguka kufamba. pfuma iyi zvinoratidza kuti kukurukurirana pamusoro nezvimedu kunoitika chete panguva convergence, zvinoshamisa kuwedzera kumhanya ari colliding mamorekuru vavo kukura. Izvi gaseous mamiriro kwenyaya aikudzwa kubva yakasimba uye zvokunwa.

Shoko "gasi" muchiGiriki unorira "mhirizhonga". Izvi zvakakwana inechirevo kufamba nezvimedu, chiri kurongwa chaizvo uye ita mhirizhonga. The gasi hakurevi kuumba chaicho pamusoro, unozadza yose vhoriyamu kuwanikwa naye. ezvinhu akadaro nyaya - rakajairika mune zvakasikwa.

Mitemo kuona zvivako uye maitiro zvakadaro zvinokuvadza, uye kuzoumba nyore kufunga muenzaniso ezvinhu umo ari hama arambe achirema pakati pakati mamorekuru uye maatomu yakaderera. Rakanzi "gasi yakanaka". It kure pakati zvacho mukuru kupfuura nharaunda yose kwokukurukurirana intermolecular mauto.

Saka, akakodzera gasi - yokungotaura muenzaniso nyaya umo anenge asina kudyidzana inoramba. Nokuti iye, zvinotevera mamiriro unofanira kuvapo:

1. Very duku kukura mamorekuru.

2. No simba kwokukurukurirana pakati pavo.

3. Kwemotokari kuitika sezvo kudhumhana pamusoro kwakavharwa nenyama balls.

Muenzaniso wakanaka mamiriro iyi zvinhu magasi anganzi umo kumanikidzwa pane tembiricha yakaderera hakuiti pfuura 100 nguva ratinoona. Vari semunhu pauri.

Pfungwa yokuti 'akanaka gasi "sayenzi zvibvire kuvaka samolecular-kinetic dzidziso, ane zvakabudiswa vari nekusimbiswa kuedza zhinji. Maererano nedzidziso iyi akasiyana akanaka magasi chekare uye quantum.

Features wokutanga zvinoratidzwa mitemo dzekare wefizikisi. The Vapikisi vane inoramba iri gasi iri yakazvimirira mumwe nomumwe, kumanikidza kunoitwa parusvingo akaenzana uwandu pulses kuti chinopfuudzwa panguva nomumwe mamorekuru kudhumhana kwenguva yakati. Dzavo simba ndicho Verengai yaisanganisa wacho inoramba. Basa yakanaka gasi muchiitiko ichi rinowanikwa Clapeyron mukana wokuti vanhu vanga p = nkT. Muenzaniso unoshamisa iyi ndiyo mitemo hwokurara masayendisiti chaiko akadai Boyle-Mariotte, Gay-Lussac, Charles.

Kana yakanaka gasi tembiricha lowers kana anowedzera PARTICIPLE arambe achirema kune imwe ukoshi, anowedzera chinozunguzirwa ehupfumi ayo. A Kuchinja kunoitika kune gasi quantum, sezvamakaropafadzwa wavelengths kwemaatomu uye mamorekuru akafanana ne kure pakati pavo. Kune mhando mbiri yakanaka gasi:

1. Kudzidzisa uye Bose Einstein tudonhwe imwe mhando vari integer kuruka.

2. Fermi uye Dirac nhamba: yakasiyana mhando mamorekuru kuti hafu-integer kuruka.

Kusiyana chekare akakodzera gasi kubva quantum ndechokuti kunyange Mhedziso razero tembiricha kukosha simba arambe achirema uye zvinetso zvakasiyana razero. Vanova kurei pamwe kuwedzera arambe achirema. Panyaya iyi, zvacho vane vaifanira (rimwe zita - muganhu) simba. Kubva panguva iyi maonero, sechivako dzidziso nyeredzi avo umo arambe achirema kwakakwirira 1-10 makirogiramu / cm3, raidudzwa Erekitironi mutemo. Apo kwazvo 109kg / cm3, imwe pfuma dzikwanise Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu.

In nesimbi, kushandisa dzidziso iyo dzenhoroondo yakanaka gasi zvinoenda quantum, unobatsira kutsanangura zvakawanda esimbi zvivako zviri ezvinhu nyaya: denser nezvimedu, ari pedyo yakanaka iyi.

Kana akaratidza zvakasimba pasi tembiricha dzakasiyana-siyana zvinhu mu mvura uye zvakasimba inoti seboka kwebasa mamorekuru anogona kunzi ive gasi basa yakanaka aimiririra simba excitations. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, rinooneka zvipo kune simba womuviri, iyo vakanyanyisa inoramba.