Akawana Alaska? Kuwanikwa Alaska

Alaska - a kweItari, izvo dzinoratidzwa kutonhora kwekunze. Summers vane pfupi zvikuru, asi pane inodziya mazuva zvakakwana. Nguva yechando kunoratidzwa yakasimba chaizvo frosts. Asi ichi hazvirevi vatye kurarama kwenguva refu munyika Aleuts uye Eskimos uye maIndia apataski, Heidi uye tinklitov. Alaska - zviri panzvimbo kusimba yakanaka. Pane nyanza pachena nemvura inotonhora, nzizi refu, makomo zvinoshamisa runako, minda kusingaperi uye achinaya mvura chando-dzavhara. Ndivo maonero akavhurika pamberi vatsvakurudzi wokutanga uyo akatamira zvakadzama kwazvo zvakasimba kupinda kweItari. Saka ndiani yakazaruka Alaska?

Home shanduro

Pane chinhu chinokosha shanduro hwomukova Alaska uye ani vekutanga netsoka, asi pane dzimwe nzira dzakawanda pamusoro payo. Zvisinei, nokusimbisa dzimwe shanduro havapo.

Saka ndiani yakazaruka Alaska? Vitus Bering Jonassen - anozivikanwa mukwasvi, mukuru mukuru Russian romugungwa, akaberekwa August 12, na1681 muDenmark, asi mwoyo nguva dzose zvaiva Russia. It anonzi piyona kuti Alaska. Muna 1741, yakakurumbira aiongorora yakawanikwa uye zvakanyorwa pamepu Peninsula, iri North America. Iyi nzvimbo akapiwa zita Alaska. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kwemakore gumi kusvikira haana kugona kuona Peninsula nokuda rinorema bvungapfunga. Bering mufaro mukuru uyu zvakawanikwa haana kuuya. Chakakuvara ari chaizvo nokukurumidza akauya akawana guva. Zvino December 19, 1741 uko akanga awana zviwi, idzo ambonzi nokukudzwa kwake pashure.

Sezvo Alaska akavhura muna 1741, ndiye nhasi anozivikanwa kare makadhi matatu. Vakanga yakaitwa 60s pamusoro XVI remakore. The mepu inoratidza zvose uye nezvokuzadziswa mhenderekedzo Alaska uye ari Bering Strait, iyo kare kunzi Aniane.

Wokutanga rwendo

Achipindura mubvunzo pamusoro ndiani yakazaruka Alaska, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muna 1648, pakundopambara inotungamirwa Semenom Dezhnevym uye Fedorom Popovym parwendo rwavo kubva pamuromo Kolyma River. Ivo nechikepe kuburikidza Bering Strait. Zvisinei, havana akashanyira Alaska kana kwete - harizivikanwi.

On nokudzidza nyika yakabatana America, kunyange akafunga Peter. Izvi zvakaitika mugore afa (1725). Akanyora mirayiridzo Vitus Bering pautumwa hwokuenda Kamchatka, kuvaka ngarava dzakawanda nechikepe kwavari kubudikidza panjodzi kuchamhembe uye kuwana nzvimbo dzivharwe Kamchatka pamwe American kumahombekombe. Mukuwedzera, aidzidzisa aifanira kudhirowa mepu yacho. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa wokutanga rwendo yakanga kubudirira. Pamusana rinorema bvungapfunga Bering kuona chinhu.

Kutaura ndiani rakazaruka Alaska Ndiko zvakare kucherechedza kuti mumwe rwendo inotungamirwa Mihailom Gvozdevym pachivakwa uye mubatsiri aidzidzisa Ivanom Fedorovym akananga kuti mirayiridzo mungarava "St. Gabriel" muna 1732. August 21 vafambisi vengarava akaswedera kumadokero chikamu Alaska. Pamepu yemazuva ndiye Cape Prince of Wales. Asi kuisa rutsoka pamhenderekedzo vakanga kudziviswa mafungu simba.

A yechipiri kuedza kudzidza nyika

Kwapera gore, hurumende yeRussia vakaudza Bering kuenda rechipiri Kamchatka rwendo. Muna 1734 asvika Yakutsk, apo kwemakore akawanda kumorwa mumatanda ramangwana mushandirapamwe uye kukurukura veko muboka revatungamiriri, nekuti pasina kwavari haashandi. Paaiva Russia, kuti kutanga chinhu, iwe wakange zvose zvinokosha vanhu kuti chiokomuhomwe. Asi Bering, munhu akararama nguva refu munyika, harina kuzvidzidziswa. Kana kungoti hatidi.

Chete muna 1740, vaviri packet-zvikepe pasi pokutungamirira Mutungamiriri Alekseya Chirikova rwendo nechikepe kubva Okhotsk kusvika nzvimbo Avacha Bay, apo akapedza yechando. Kuwanikwa Alaska uye Russian vangadai vasina chakaitika kana Behring haana kutsvaka ngano nyika Gama. Kuti zvino masanga.

Chii akakwezva Peninsula?

Rine nhoroondo Alaska? Zvikepe zviviri rinotungamirirwa kurutivi America June 4, 1742. Asi zvakare, kuti bvungapfunga pamwe simba dutu zvakaomesa yacho. Uye musi waJune 20 zvikepe vakapararira kwakasiyana-siyana uye kurasika. Pashure paizvozvo, vakaramba nechikepe oga. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti nemhaka rwendo urwu, akatanga kuisa rutsoka panyika Alaska nyanzvi Georg Steller. Uye pashure rimwe zuva, June 16, 1741, nyika Peninsula uye akaonawo kuti "Musande Petro". Ndadzoka ichi tsvakurudzo rwendo kuRussia, vaiva muchikepe vanhu kuudzwa vaigara mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mvura Alaska gungwa otters - Kalani. mbava wavo hwakanaka chaizvo. Aionekwa mashoko kupfuura zvinodhura munyika. Ndiye vakabatsira kuti nhoroondo Alaska chikazikamwa vazhinji vaya vaida kupfuma.

Uyewo ari Peninsula, ndarama yakawanikwa. Shure kwaizvozvo yawanikwa vakatanga Gold Rush. Akazosvika munguva kubvira 1896 kusvika 1897. Rakanga panguva ino, ndarama yakanga inowanikwa Klondike, kusvikira Canadian Yukon Territory. Vachitarisira kupfuma nokukurumidza uye zviuru prospectors taikwira Pacific Northwest uye Alaska.

Kufirwa vengarava shoma

The akananga rokutanga kumusoro kumhenderekedzo Peninsula packet "St. Paul," achitungamirirwa Chirikov. Asi hazvina kuitika nokuda kudzika mvura Alaska kuwanikidza. Mukuru akatuma muchikepe unoda, asi havana akanyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa. Fungisisa zvishoma, akasvika pakugumisa kuti igwa chete kukuvara. Saizvozvowo, mumwe chikepe akatumwa. Boka akatuma tenzi-Caulker. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa uye boka iri yakanyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa. In zvachose Chirikov akarasikirwa vanhu vashanu. Vachinzi asvika chisarudzo kudzokera kumusha vachishamiswa kwakakwana uye nechokwadi, navatariri "St. Paul" pamusangano.

Kwapera nguva zvakava pachena kuti zvisipo vafambisi vakabatwa nevanhu vemo. Vakanga vari vapenyu. Vakawanda vavo vari kunyange vakaroorana kumutorwa. Naizvozvo, havana kunyange akapa mukana wokuva vokuSpain, vachitora vagari, asi varume vakanga vachizvikudza kuzivisa kuti vari Russian.

Kukundikana vakatevera kuvafambisi vengarava kwose kwose

Ngarava "Musande Petro" yakasvika Alaska musi June 6, asi Behring vanorwara uye vasingagoni kuenda pamahombekombe nemhaka yokurwara kwake. Uye nzira shure zvikazooneka kuva zvakaoma zvikuru. Vafambisi mumwe vakanga kufa chakakuvara. The dutu kwakaita muchikepe mhenderekedzo rimwe Zvitsuwa, apo vakasvika pakugumisa kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kugara muchando. Pano, mutungamiri wavo akafa (musi December 6).

Mirira kunze yechando zvikepe zvakasara "Musande Petro" mudziyo, akavaka ngarava itsva. Asi vanhu 75 vakanga vapona 35. chete Vazhinji vakafa munguva rwendo, uye vamwe munguva yechando. Saka, kusvikira nemahombekombe Kamchatka akamuka vanhu 35 chete.

Saka ndiani akatanga chacho?

Asi muna West vanodavira kuti kuwanikwa Alaska akatungamirirwa Steller. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndiye wekutanga akaona chitsuwa rinoshamisa runako uye makomo chando-dzavhara. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga ane chido mberi nezvidzidzo zvavo zvakananga Peninsula. Asi mukuru mudziyo V. Behring akanga achironga zvimwe. Akarayira kudzokera. Steller akanga vasingagutsikane nechisarudzo uye vakasimbirira kuti Behring akamupa maawa kanenge mashoma kuongorora pachitsuwa Kayak, apo chikepe uye saka aifanira kurega kuti muzadze mvura reserves.

shanduro itsva

Panewo shanduro iyi Alaska kuzivikanwa nevanhu vokuEurope. State vakashanya August 21, 1732. Ndicho Kuronga chikepe "St. Gabriel" achitungamirirwa pachivakwa MS Gvozdev uye Ivan Fedotov mubatsiri aidzidzisa pamusoro nzendo AF Shestakov uye Di Pavlutsky. Swimming kubvira 1729 kusvika 1735. Uyezve, panewo mashoko pamusoro kusvika vanhu Russian mu America ari XVII remakore.

Pane imwe shanduro masayendisiti, iyo inotaura kuti mapiyona vokuAlaska vaiva vavhimi Siberian - madzitateguru vakawanda American maIndia chizvarwa, uyo ari glacial nguva vakaenda kuchamhembe, kuvhima mammoths. Vagari vekare vakatamira kuAmerica vachishandisa Bering Strait. Mumazuva iwayo, zvakanga zvakafanana guru chando zambuko, yaiva pakati makondinendi maviri. Kwakati achidziya moto, mumakungwa yekudyidzana kumutsira mvura yakati sandara, ichizadza zambuko. Russian Siberia uye Alaska panguva iyoyo vakapesana Sea Bering.

A yakawanda zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo tsvakurudzo panguva Peninsula akapa kwayo mugumisiro: Masayendisiti akawana zvinhu zvakawanda kuti aishandisa munhu aitarisira purazi rake anenge 12 zviuru apfuura, mazana emakore akawanda pamberi Ice Age akapera. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti eskimo vanhu akazviratidza kwemakore zviuru zvitanhatu BC.

Chii chakaitika muna Alaska?

Zvichitevera maviri remakore Russian Alaska akashanda se chikonzero fur kugadzirwa. Namagariro dzakavakwa, uye munzvimbo dzakawanda achiri kereke kujairika, izvo zvakasikwa nokuda Aleuts uye maIndia pasi murayiro mamishinari Russian. Gare gare musi Alaska pamahombekombe vafambisi vengarava kuSpeini, France uye muUK. Asi vanhu Russian nechikepe kuchitsuwa nechinangwa chokuwana mbava, iyo gare gare muna guru chaizvo yakawanda kuna Europe. Pashure imwe nguva nhamba nemhuka inokosha mbava yava duku zvikuru. By makore 1820 wokuRussia akapotsa haana kuuya kumhenderekedzo Alaska.

How Peninsula rave kutengeswa?

Above tava akajekeswa huru hypotheses sei Alaska wakavhurwa. History Kutengesa Zvinofanira zvishoma akafukidzwa. hurumende yeRussia akatya kuti Peninsula richakundwa kana England kana America. Uyezve, kudzivirira zvakazara zvakanga zvisingaiti kubva ichi ive yavo. Ichi ndicho chiitiko rokutanga akakonzera kutengeswa chacho. Rechipiri vakaisvoipa maberere kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kutsigira kukura imwe nzvimbo huru achishandisa mari. Asi hurumende yakasarudza kuteerera vose Far East, kwete Alaska. Saka, zvakasarudzwa kuti kutengesa Peninsula. Muna 1867, Alaska akatengeswa. State kwaitanga yakava chikamu America October 18.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mari haina pasi muRussia. The chikuru mari muchimiro yegoridhe akatakura mungarava, izvo rikanyura kuti asingazivikanwi nezvikonzero pashure akatadza kuedza akakunda chikamu vamukira. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvina kukanganisa pakupedzisira vaibva. Peninsula yakava chikamu United States. Alaska haasisina raiva Russia.