Kharkov bhaira 1942

Sezvatinoziva, kubva pamazuva Hondo Yenyika II wokutanga uye kwemwedzi inoverengeka mauto eSoviet ichidzokera mhiri kureba kumuganhu wokumavirira munyika. Kokutanga kukurumidza kumhanya nomuvengi rikaguma muna November 1941, kumucheto Moscow. Zvino mari zvikuru kuedza Red Army akakwanisa kukanda vaNazi. Izvi ndozvakaita kuti pave vemauto vane chivimbo mune unoda revarwi kuti kuitisa tsamwisa kurwiswa. Zvisinei, dzisiri kwakadaro kwakaita kuti dambudziko pedyo Kharkiv.

The Chirongwa yepakutanga

Pakazosvika nguva apo kurwisa mauto eGermany akanga vakabudirira akamira, uye, uyezve, muvengi akakandwa kubva Moscow miganhu iri zvakanaka akanaka daro, vakawanda indasitiri akanga abviswa kune Urals, apo inochinja mu mabhizimisi akawanda vakaperekedza chinoshingaira kugadzirwa rechiuto michina. Kutambirwa zvombo kuhondo vakadzokera dzose, mukuwedzera, yekudyidzana vakawedzera vashandi vehondo. In chechipiri chikamu 1942 nayo akakwanisa kuti vaunze kwete chete anopedza weuto, asi hondo uye chengetedza pfumbamwe.

Pachishandiswa ezvinhu izvi, mushumiri Command akasarudza kuva zvinoverengeka tsamwisa mabasa akasiyana nzvimbo nechemberi nechinangwa kuti demoralize muvengi, kwete kuti iye kujoina uto ravo, akagura kumaodzanyemba pamberi vokuGermany uye, kudzvanya kuti kuparadza. Pakati inokosha akavhiyiwa uye akanga akanyorwa Kharkov bhaira 1942.

The Kuronga ramangwana kudhumhana

Kurutivi Soviet, kwakasarudzwa kuti zvinyorwe pakurwa hondo fronts matatu - Bryansk, South-West uye South. Izvi zvaisanganisira anopfuura gumi aibatanidza maoko wemauto, uyewo nomwe tangi anoshongwa uye anopfuura makumi maviri yoga tangi brigades. Mukuwedzera, mutsetse pamberi kwave kugadziridzwa kuchengeterwa, iro raiva dzokuwedzera warrior dzakabatana. Kharkov 1942 bhaira akagadzirirwa nokungwarira, kuitira kuti kutora chikamu ravarwi vanopfuura zviuru 640 vakanga vakagadzirira hondo yemberi, kusanganisira mapurisa, uye 1,2 zviuru matangi.

Murayiro wose kushanda racho basa yokutanga vanhu muchiuto utungamiri munyika. Pakati utungamiriri waiva musoro South-Western Front, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko, mutungamiri kudzimbahwe inotungamirirwa Ivan Bagramyan uye Nikita Khrushchev. At musoro Southern Front panguva iyoyo aiva refutenendi-General Rodion Malinovsky. Mauto aHitler inotungamirirwa Field Marshal Fedor of Bock. Common mauto akaverenga hondo matatu, kusanganisira yeChitanhatu Army pamusoro Paulus. Ayo kacho Wehrmacht akadana oparesheni bhaira Kharkov 1942 "Frederikus".

regadziriro basa

Mukutanga 1942, mauto eSoviet akatanga regadziriro anofambisa. Zvakatanga paumbwe yakasimba midzi zvikamu South-Western Front muna Kharkiv mudunhu iri pedyo neguta amazambiringa, pedyo Seversky Donets River, kumavirira pamahombekombe iro vakakwanisa kuumba uye kutsigira rimwe tsamwisa pa Kharkov uye Dnepropetrovsk. Kunyanya, mauto eSoviet akakwanisa kucheka kuchiteshi mutsetse, iyo inowanikwa kugoverwa muvengi dzakabatana. Asi chitubu yasvika uye nawo dambwadambwa mumigwagwa akapindira muhondo urongwa - tsamwisa yaifanira kumiswa.

adzivise

Maererano urongwa German High Command akafunga kuti bhaira Kharkov 1942 iri pakutanga kwakunoitwa kuparadzwa Soviet Army pave bridgehead, uye ipapo kupinda zvakatipoteredza. VaNazi Kurwisa yaitangira musi May 18, asi Red Army mberi vokuGermany, akatanga kurwisa mazuva matanhatu adarika. The oparesheni kwakatangwa pamwe mawa kurwisa muvengi vezvikwata kubva kumaodzanyemba. Maererano nzira yacho murayiro Soviet wechitanhatu Army akanga kupinda kwezvakatipoteredza - muna Kharkov bhaira. Muna 1942 kubva pakutanga sokuti vaizotibata zvikuru - pakutanga anoronga kwokubatana Soviet vave vakabudirira rakatangwa. Mazuva mashanu gare gare, chaizvoizvo vakakwanisa achizviendesa vokuGermany kuna Kharkov.

Panguva imwe chete, kurutivi rwezasi vokuGermany vanomanikidza mauto eSoviet matatu chete, uyo akakwanisa kupaza yokuGermany dzakadzivirirwa kunoviga mutaundi duku, apo refu pokutsamwa kurwisana kwakatanga. Kuchamhembe zviri kwemazuva hwokushanda wokutanga vakakwanisa yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora German kuzvidzivirira musi 65 makiromita. Zvisinei, South-West uye South fronts havasi kuva chaizvo, vachibvumira vokuGermany nguva kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu uye kuti vaironga kuunganazve mauto, kuunza yose chikamu chete munzvimbo vakarwisa.

Nokukundikana rokutanga - the harbingers njodzi

Operation "Kharkov bhaira" (1942) rakaitwa zvinobudirira kurutivi Soviet chete mumazuva mashoma okutanga. Pakazopera reshanu kukakavara, zvakava pachena kuti zvinhu hazvina kuenda maererano kuronga. Panguva ino mupomerwi raifanira akanaka zvakakomba kuputswa, uye mauto Soviet - kuenda kure mberi, asi vachiri ndokutsika nechemberi mutsetse. On chikamu hwokumusoro ane kuzvidzivirira varwe kurwisa eGermany akanga akasungirirwa. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vakaona kuti mumazuva kurwisa pamwe zasi uye okumusoro vokutanga akaita inconsistently. The yeimwe of Southern uye South-Western fronts, uye vose akaita inconsistently, nokusika zvakakomba kukundikana mukushanda.

Uyewo, regai kuumba reserves, kugadzirira engineering zvivako uye zvipingamupinyi akanga ane chaizvo yakaderera chechetere. Somugumisiro, kurutivi rwezasi haana yakasimbiswa zvakasimba kudzivirira. Rakanga pamwe chikonzero nei bhaira Kharkov 1942 pakupedzisira akashandura njodzi nokuda nemauto eSoviet. Usakanganwa kuti murayiro kusingasanganisiri mukana munhu tsamwisa German panguva oparesheni. chivimbo chakadaro akafuridzirwa kusimbisa midzi.

riposte

Mauto eGermany uyewo akaronga kurova zvibhakera zviviri kurutivi rwezasi mumwe springboard mamwe kukudziridza tsamwisa pamusoro emazambiringa. Panguva mugove ichi Ninth Army aiita. Zvakanga aronga kuti vokuGermany kupaza Soviet dzakadzivirirwa uye mauto cheka migove miviri kuti kumukomberedza uye kuvaparadza vachiravana. Next nayo kutarisirwa kuramba zvaigumbura kuparadza rose hondo boka, avo pachavo midzi muna bridgehead.

Nezuva rechishanu zuva rokurwa Yokutanga Panzer Army akakwanisa kupaza mupomerwi nechitsigiso Red Army kurova. Wedzera kuti pazuva rokutanga vakakwanisa kubviswa huru mauto mumwe wemauto Southern Front uye nomukana shure kwavo kumabvazuva kwamazuva gumi. Zvichida kare Kharkov bhaira 1942 (photo, chokuita nezvakaitika dzaitaurwa pakudzokorora) rakarongerwa. Tymoshenko pokuziva kuti apererwa, akakumbira Moscow mvumo dzokera shure. Kunyange zvazvo Alexander Vasilevsky, panguva iyoyo kare yakatarwa Mukuru Staff, akabvumira Stalin akati kwayo categorical "kwete." Somugumisiro, musi waMay 23 nhamba Large revarwi eSoviet takakombwa.

musungo yomuvengi

Kubva iyoyo Red Army akaedza zvakaoma kupaza blockade. Kunyanya, mapurisa eGermany akayeuka mhanya uye kwakanyanya kurwisa kusimba vakawanda vaifamba. Kuedza havana kunyanya kubudirira: Mazuva matatu kubva pakutanga kwezvakatipoteredza nemauto eSoviet vakadzingwa kune imwe duku nzvimbo pedyo netaundi duku Barvinkove. Yakanga chete danho rokutanga Second World War. Kharkov bhaira kwaingova chezvaizoitika kushayikwa kurovedza uye kushaya Kufambisa. vasingagoni kuwana kubva encirclement yeSoviet chikamu nokuti simba kuzvidzivirira German. Both Tymoshenko hapana chimwe chokuita asi kumisa inogumbura.

Kunyange zvakadaro, kuedza kurega zvakavapoteredza kwemazuva anoverengeka. Pasinei hombe nezvinhu (chaizvoizvo zvisingaperi mazita vanobatwa raiva) Kharkov bhaira vakakwanisa kupaza zvishoma musha pedyo Lozovenka. Asi akakwanisa kupukunyuka kubva mumusungo chete chegumi abatwa mariri. Raiva unorema kukundwa. Fatalities muna Kharkov bhaira 1942 - 171,000 vanhu - vakarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo chaizvoizvo saizvozvo, tinogona kutaura, nokuda vachida kuti Stalin. Uwandu kurasikirwa yakasvika 270 zviuru.

migumisiro yakaipa

Chinonyanya kukosha mugumisiro kukundikana kwaiva zvachose kwakaderera okuchengetedza Soviet pamwe yose kureba Southern Front. Nokururamisira mauto makuru akanga paakapiwa muna Kharkov bhaira (1942). Kusafara panguva yokuchinja pakurwa, zvakandiremera kwazvo. Uye kuti Wehrmacht ndiye Chokwadi, zvakanaka-kushandiswa.

VokuGermany yakatanga hombe tsamwisa nenzira kuCaucasus uye Volga. Mukupera June, pashure kupfuura pakati Kharkov uye Kursk, vakaputsa kusvikira Don. Paid zvikuru Kharkov bhaira 1942 - ndandanda vakafa vakabatana akawanda mukuru vemauto, kusanganisira vatungamiri mauto uye fronts. Asi apo kuenda zvikamu kwakadziva kumadokero Front nezvinhu zvaiva yakawanda. Nepo vokuGermany akatora Voronezh uye akatamira Rostov, mauto eSoviet akarasika vasungwa kubva 80 kusvika 200 zviuru vanodzima. Rostov kutora akananga kupera July, mukuvamba August, muvengi akauya Stalingrad - rinokosha kuti vokuGermany havazokwanisi kukunda.

About mamiriro ezvinhu Kharkov ndicho yakunda Wehrmacht muSoviet Union, akanyora bhuku Konstantin Bykov - ". Kharkov bhaira 1942 gore"

Kudzokera Kharkov

Kutaura zvazviri, kurwa Kharkov miganhu vaipfuura kamwe. Uye ichi zvinonzwisisika. Hitler akatanga kurwisa yake chaiyo pamwe Belarus uye Ukraine. On the Nzira kuna Kharkov, mauto eSoviet akanga Wakatotanga pfungwa uye kudzidza kudzorera vavengi. Saka, kutanga bhaira Kharkov 1941 "Kubika" mumwedzi October. Ipapo mativi maviri vakarwa chaizvo kuti maindasitiri upfumi kweguta. Zvisinei, pakazosvika nguva guta ndokuwa, vakawanda zvikuru manufactures kana watopiwa aivigirwa kana kuparadzwa.

The kurwisana wechitatu chete miganhu kwakaitika imwe gore pashure muhondo yechipiri. Imwe Kharkov bhaira - 1943 - yakaumbwa muna February uye March mundima pakati Kharkiv uye Voronezh. Uye nguva ino, guta yavewo basa. Nokurasikirwa kumativi ose vaipfuura chaizvo.