Alexander G. Kushelov-Bezborodko: nyaya youpenyu. Mansion Kushelova-Bezborodko

Count wacho muimba Kushelev-Bezborodko iri Sverdlovskaya Embankment muSt Petersburg. Mhiri Neva River, yaiva Smolny chechechi. Mumaruwa uye Manor imba ine akapfuma uye dzinonakidza nhoroondo.

nyaya makoteji

Rare munhu muRussia kutaura chinhu anonziwo Kushelev-Bezborodko. Asi munda chivakwa girafu, riri pari muguta St. Petersburg uye unobereka kuti zita, anozivikanwa nevakawanda.

Sezvo zvinozivikanwa kuti nzvimbo iyi pamberi pakuvaka guta yaigarwa. Map of Manor imba XVII remakore yaunogona kuona Swedish commandant Nienschanz. Maererano nengano, zvakanzi dzaidzidziswa kwegadziriro pevhu tunnels kurwizi Neva. Zvayaiva pedyo netaundi Swedish Nien.

Kana nzvimbo adzoka Russia, uye rakavakwa St. Petersburg Mansion pamwe yakapoteredza ndima yakanga zvapa naPetro I wake Catherine. Mumazuva iwayo, kwete kure Manor vakanga Cossack mapindu, pamusoro pavo pazvakawanikwa kwomuzvarirwo manyuko chicherwa mvura, iyo, mumashoko Emperor Peter I, lechivshegosya, haina muduku muBelgian. Sources vakauya mbiri kunzvimbo ino.

Muridzi Manor rokutanga

Kwapera nguva, kuti Office mutariri ndima akauya achida kutenga shure munda pamwechete Cossack minda. Akataura chido chake achizivawo wepachitsuwa G. N. Teplov, airwara uye aitofanira kuenda kunorapwa kunze pamusoro mvura. Land Kuzviunganidza akamupa mukana kubatwa pedyo kumba. Kuti pairi nguva yedu Chivako inonzi Palace Kushelev-Bezborodko muSt Petersburg.

G. N. Teplov nevakabva musha pedyo vanhuwo zvavo ake, akamudana uye wenhumbi Polustrovo. zita iri yakapiwa mukana, sezvo nzvimbo reruwa machakwi, uye shoko "squishy" akashandurirwa Latin kwainge palustris.

Achizivawo wepachitsuwa akaita urongwa wemunda. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akakumbira yakakurumbira mapurani V. Bazhenov. Vachitungamirirwa ake, rakavakwazve iri Gothic manyorerwo. Maererano nengano, murongedzeri akadzorera pachivande utilities, iyo akaenda Neva. Mukuwedzera, Ensemble kwaisanganisira pamba greenhouses apo vanokura maruva miti, miti yemichero, fodya uye miriwo.

Polustrovo vake muridzi itsva

Muna 1782, G. N. Teplov akafa, uye mwanakomana wake vakatengesa Polyustrovo Russian chanzera A. A. Bezborodko. Ari Papera gore, akakumbira akakurumbira mapurani Quarenghi kuti vavakezve wenhaka, riri yaimboshandiswa chimiro yasvika mazuva edu uye chinozivikanwa neimba Kushelev-Bezborodko. Asi mashoko aya nhasi pamusoro dzichipesana, sezvo pane uchapupu kutaura kuti kugadzirisa wemunda, zvichida rinotungamirirwa yakakurumbira mapurani reLviv. Chimwe chokwadi kuti akakurumbira noruzhowa shumba akaita ezvivako Russian.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Kvarengi haana kuparadza huripo Manor imba, uye chete reconstructed nayo, zvichipa yakasiyana zvachose akatarira. The mapurani munyaya rokuvaka zhinji Suburban dzimba, asi yedu nguva akanga asvika vamwe vavo, kusanganisira uyu.

A. A. Bezborodko akanga asina mwana, uye pashure pokunge afa, munda wakanga nhaka nemuzukuru wake, mwanasikana mukoma wake - Madz Princess Lobanov-Rostovsky, dzidzisa muzukuru A. G. Kusheleva, izvo akazova zvaipfekwa hyphenated zita Kulesza-Bezborodko kubatanidza mazita baba namai.

Zvairatidzika akafanana reconstructed Palace

Pashure vavakezve aichimbova Gothic mhando pasisina. The neimba akava chiedza uye ichiyevedza. Sechivako pakati yaiva chivako chikuru, iyo mativi akapatsanura semicircular uye akazaruka nemavharanda. Paivakwa chivakwa Estates Kvarengi aishandisa Nzira yaishandiswa pakuvaka rokuItari nyika nedzimba wakashama maberere, izvo kuomeswa uswa.

In nyorovera mumamirire ekunze kuchamhembe guta nokuda chinangwa ichi vakanga vasingagoni kushandiswa. Saka, munguva yemberi, vakanga reconstructed uye vakava rakavharwa. Around yamambo, zvakagadzirirwa kubudikidza Quarenghi, yakanga yaitwa kunze mubindu mune mufashoni Chirungu chatiri munda zvivako.

Kushongedza kwakanga chakagadzirwa dongo, pakasikwa munhu zvechokwadi zvenhaka zvidimbu yaishandiswa. Chivako ichi haina akachengetedzwa, asi chikuru pakuvaka Manor Ensemble, vaiva naambuya vake pashure pokufa kwababa vake uye vakava Alexander G. Kushelev-Bezborodko kwakasvika mazuva edu.

The France kweimba rakatarisana Neva. pabiravira Its yakashongedzwa mbiru uye mukoko vane mativi chimiro. Territory kubva Neva azviveza kujairika noruzhowa, iro raiva manhamba amabwe yeshumba-maviri namapfumbamwe wakabata mazino chuma.

Graf AG Kushelev-Bezborodko

I dzidzo yakanaka. Apfuudza bvunzo panguva Moscow University akagamuchira doctorate mune yetsika uye enyika nesayenzi, akabatana sezvo Kollezhsky mubatsiri. baba vake zvakakuvuyisira naye rwendo kunze, apo basa rake raiva pasi chanzera Russia panguva Congress of Vienna. hofisi yake haina vakashanda, uye aifamba muEurope.

Papera gore akadzokera Russia. Pano aifarira chimwe chinhu. Hama sekuru vake rwaamai, kuti chanzera Russia A. A. Bezborodko ikazopiwa mhanza pamusoro mudziyo jimunasiyamu Yepamusoro Sciences muna Nizhyn. nyaya iyi ndiye IA Bezborodko Count sekuru, uyo akafa asina kufunga nezvazvo. It akasarudza kupedza Alexander G. Kushelev-Bezborodko. Muna 1820, chikoro rakavambwa. Zvino Nezhinskii University.

The wokupedzisira muridzi - Count GA Kushelev-Bezborodko

Grigoriy Aleksandrovich aiva mugari wenhaka hombe upfumi wemadzitateguru avo uye Kushelev Bezborodko. Aiva vakadzidza uye inokwanisa. Asi pasinei nokuti baba vake akarerwa austerity uye nehasha, iye makore okuyaruka akatanga kutungamirira yomusango upenyu pedenderedzwa mupfumi wechidiki vana vemhuri vakakurumbira. Izvi chakabata utano hwake, nokuchembera 25 akanga tariro achirwara.

History girafu Kushelev-Bezborodko wokupedzisira muridzi wemunda muna Polyustrovo akanga akasuruvara. Kuva nemano kupfuura mabhuku uye inozivikanwa philanthropist, kumupi, akanga pachisikirwo ane simba uye nyore kufurirwa. Count Kushelev-Bezborodko vakafamba kwazvo muEurope, sezvo akazonyora ari netsamba dzake mufambi. Akanga vachiswededzwa kuti nzanga vanyori venhau, vazhinji vacho, kuti akariisa zvinyoronyoro, kuzadziswa munhu.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nzira nayo muchiedza chemhando muvanhu chaakanga ari wakaberekerwa, yakavharwa. Cottage Kushelev muna Polyustrovo, maererano netsamba romunyori Russian DV Grigorovich, aiva chinoshamisa kuona - kwete chivakwa pachayo, asi zvaiitika mukati kwaari.

Zvisingaverengeki shoma-anozivikanwa vanhu, hama kure nezvimwe Russian uye vatorwa ainetsa, iine venhau duku, vatambi, akasiyana siyana nhubu dzakati, kazhinji vakadzi vavo, nevana, mumwe pashure pomumwe, vaigara imomo, vakadya, vakanwa, vakanakidzwa ducal zvikwata. Imba yakanga yakaita caravanserai. Munhu wose akaita zvose zvaakada, kushandisa simba uye soreness wehondo. Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kusvikira mazuva ake okupedzisira.

Maecenas, philanthropist uye munyori

GA-Kushelev Bezborodko ikagara ndangariro kare sezvinoita anorichengeta, philanthropist, muparidzi, munyori. With ake kutaurawo dzakabudiswa nhetembo A. N. Maykova, akabudisa kuunganidzwa mabasa wokutanga mukuru Russian munyori wemitambo A. N. Ostrovskogo nevamwe. Pashure London rudo A. I. Gertsenom, akaita rakakura nemari kuti mari akamisa kubatsira vechiduku vakatamira uye anonzi "General Fund".

Grigoriy Aleksandrovich akanyora nyaya pfupi, essays uye kufamba manotsi inobudiswa gare gare zviviri mavhoriyumu inounganidzwa mabasa. Akabudisa pasi rekunyepedzera Gritsko Grigorenko mumagazini siyana.

Kunyange munguva yakararama yababa vake, muna 1850, GA-Kushelev Bezborodko akararama panguva dacha yake Polyustrovo yezhizha. Akagara AK NdiTolstoy, DV Grigorovich, AV Pisemsky. Held mabhuku manheru. Vakumbirwa ake, muna 1858 nyika akashanyira naAlexandre Dumas, waakanga aishamwaridzana muParis.

The wokupedzisira scion of vakapfuma mhando, Count Kushelev-Bezborodko Grigory Alexandrovich, akafa pazera remakore makore 38. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1870.

nzvimbo yorudekaro Polyustrovo

Pakutanga mashoko XIX remakore Manor swampland Kushelev-Bezborodko vakanga vakapedzwa, panzvimbo zvinotisimbisa vakanga akachera matsime itsva chicherwa mvura duku dzisina yaitungamirira chafariz dzokugezera. Under Ndima yayo akapiwa chikamu Manor Park. It chakavapo nokuda anenge makumi mashanu nemakore.

Muna 1868, makore maviri asati afa rokupedzisira Count, moto guru iri dzisina zvachose akaiparadza uye chikamu paki. Kudzorera hauna. User manyuko, kambani rava injiniya mugodhi uyo akaronga kurimwa, bottling, carbonation uye kutengesa zvicherwa mvura inonzi "Mvura Polyustrovsky zvinyorwa."

The mberi kutapwa wemunda

Polustrovo Ndima kwakadzorwa kuva anobatwa kirasi Mafuro St. Petersburg. Cottage, izvo anazvo Kushelev-Bezborodko, akapiwa Elizabeth munharaunda yacho neHanzvadzi Charity, iyo yakavambwa hanzvadzi Empress, Duchess Elizavetoy Fodorovnoy. Pano, itsva muchipatara chivakwa nekereke murapi Panteleimon dzakavakwa.

Pashure pokuchinja, chechi nepekugara chevana Hospital pamusoro Infectious Diseases, uye anamapako munzvimbo chivakwa TB dispensaries. Zvino nguva iri kupererwa kuvaka itsva kiriniki chivakwa. Manor imba Kushelev-Bezborodko hwakatamisirwa vanoita kuti kudzorerwa uye kushandisa somunhu tsika uye Business Centre.