Ancient Sparta uye nhoroondo yaro

Panguva apo Greece akakura muguta rimwe simba, vazivi vakafungisisa hunhu zvinhu, zvehondo Sparta akararama hwavo hwezuva nezuva. The chikuru basa vagere muguta kwagara kugadzirira kurwiswa. The specter hondo nguva raiva rakayangarara pamusoro Sparta. Residents havana kuenda kuita nzendo itsva, vanoda rugare, asi kana ngozi nemamwe maguta uye nyika vaida kugadzirira. All hondo Spartans vakaenda kwokudzivirira vakakunda nyika: pachena Messinia uye Eurotas mupata. Uye vakanga vakarinda site izvi hadzisi nevavakidzani vavo, uyo nokupamba navo, uye kubva varanda vanogara kunzvimbo idzi, uye nguva dzose vakagadzirira vamukire.

Ancient Sparta rinosvika 9.000 akanga 200,000 varanda-helots, uyo vakakotamisa misoro yavo pasi, asi haana tariro resununguro. Somuenzaniso mugore 464, kana guta rakaparadzwa nokudengenyeka, ivo helots vakamhanyira ikoko, asi kwete kuti aponese upenyu vatenzi vavo, uye kuvauraya. Asi, nemhaka kufanoona mambo Archidamus, uyo akavakira phalanx nemauto kupukunyuka, varanda vakadzokera shure. Pashure paizvozvo, zvakatora makore anopfuura 10 hondo ropa, kuti kamwe zvakare kutungamirira helots kupinda pasi.

Pashure pasi varanda Ancient Sparta, iyo Doric akanga ukama munharaunda Megara uye muKorinde, zvaibatanidzwa hondo muAthens. Shure hondo refu, hondo refu pikisa State akakunda State of nevafungi uye vazivi. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina chete vakauya mbiri huru, asi guru dambudziko. Chokwadi chokuti pakarepo pashure kuhwina muhofisi Sparta akauya hoplites uyo akazvidza "mutema" uye kuziva chete pachavo mhando kwavo. Hazvina kufanana guru vaitengesa uye vamiririri zvidzidzo maduku, vanoramba vakaedza kuchinja simba. Naizvozvo, hurumende Sparta akamanikidzwa kudzivirira waibva kuvanhu.

Ancient Sparta, vane nhoroondo akabata kukunda zhinji muchiuto, yakakundwa kokutanga muna 371 Thebans. Muhondo iyi, gadziriro itsva kuvaka phalanges ( "oblique kuti") rakaiswa. Muhondo, akauraya mambo Spartans Cleombrotus, uye kamwe hondo asingatyi Akatya uye vakatiza hondo. Asi izvi hazvina kumisa Thebans. Vakatamira kune Sparta, uye Spartans vakaratidza kurwa simba ravo. Somugumisiro, mashoko Thebans yakahwina Messinian mubani.

Tinogona kutaura kuti pashure hondo iyi Ancient Sparta akatanga kurasikirwa simba rayo. Kamwe pakati "akaenzana" ari Spartans vakatanga kuonekwa "muduku". vanhu vazhinji vakatanga kutengesa nyika yavo, nekuti Vakawana pachavo vanoshayiwa. Nepo vanhu vakaedza kuramba kurwisana simba Sparta, vakadzi vakatanga kuita mhindu. Vakatenga nyika nokuda kwechikwereti. Saka vakatanga stratification munzanga, paiva akapfuma vakakwirira. All zvishoma kukosha akapiwa muchiuto kurovedza kuchizvarwa chevechiduku.

Chete makore zana gare gare, vatungamiriri Sparta vakaziva kuti hapana kudzivirira guta, uye akatora kuedza kudzokera mirairo yekare. Nyika yakanga redistributed, zvikwereti, masoja nemapoka vakanga augmented ne helots simba uye periekami. Asi vakakwirira weguta akatya hurongwa hutsva, pokuchinja rakatanga, izvo vakakurudzira vokuMakedhoniya. Saka muna 221 ari Spartans vakatambura mumwe kukundwa, asi Hatichatendi pamaoko Thebans.

Spartan dzidzo hurongwa

The ngwizhingwi Hurumende akateerera zvikuru kudzivirira guta pamusoro pezviri uye kwokunze vavengi. Nokuti chinangwa ichi chakange dzakabudirira dzidzo hurongwa, iro raiva 3 nzendo:

- Education vakomana kubva 7 kusvika 12 makore. Panguva iyi, vana dzikarongwa. Vaitamba uye akadzidza. Asi vadzidzisi vari kuramba kuita nechokwadi chokuti vana vakarwa pakati pavo. Saka ivo vanoziva uye zvaasingagoni vatambi vake.

- Kubva 12 kusvika 20 makore vakomana makumi vakanga vakabatana muzvikwata, apo vakatungamirira mukuru vakomana. Panguva iyi hapana mutambo, zvose kuteerera chakapiwa kunodzidziswa zvechiuto.

- Kubva 20 kusvika 30 makore, kuti Spartans vakanga vakabatana mu sissitii - boka zvinosanganisira yemanyorero vanhu vanenge 15. Vakaramba kuita kunodzidziswa zvechiuto muna mudenderedzwa yake, asi zvino kukwanisa kutanga mhuri, vanoita mamwe mabasa epamba.

Sezvinogona kuoneka, Ancient Sparta akateerera zvikuru kudzidziswa wevarwi izvi kudzivirira mamiriro avo.