Franz Lefort: pfupi Biography

Petrine yenhoroondo Russian inoramba chimwe chezvinhu chinzvimbo mune mwero achinje izvo kunetseka nzira yose youpenyu eumambo nyika. Mambo muduku, pasinei nemano ake uye akatsiga, kubva pakutanga ushe kubatsirwa nemazano pakusarudza kutungamirirwa, nzira uye zvokushandisa kuti shanduko kwavo. Akawana rutsigiro pakati vaainamata vainzwisisa kudiwa kwokuchinja, uye pakati navatorwa, mararamiro uye mafungiro iyo akaona dzimwe itsva zviri munyika, yaakanga avaka. Franz Lefort aiva mumwe shamwari dzakatendeka Petra Velikogo, nepose nokutendeka vakashumira mambo uye musha mutsva.

Family vatengesi

Madzitateguru Peter Admiral wakabva Piedmont - Province kuchamhembe kweItaly. anonziwo yavo, wekutanga wakaridza kufanana Lefortti, ipapo, mushure kuSwitzerland, yakashandurwa muna French manyorerwo - Le Fort.

Huru basa, kunopa mari yakanaka Lefort aiva chandlery (imba makemikari: varnishes, pendi, sipo) kutengeserana. Mushambadzi basa rokumirira, uye Francois, uyo akaberekwa muna 1656 kuGeneva uye vaimbova muduku wavanakomana nomwe Yakoba Le Fort. Panguva kuomerera baba vake Frants Lefort pashure Geneva Collegium (chikoro chesekondari) muna 1670 vakaenda muMarseilles kudzidza kutengeserana bhizimisi.

Yakaberekerwa mabasa

The varefu, akanaka, muviri simba, zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita uye anokurumidza witted, vachifara nesimba jaya hakugoni kufungidzira upenyu hwavo yemberi amire seri pakaunda kana agere dhesiki. Franz Lefort, ane Biography kwaiva kuva uchidzokorora rakabudirira mararamiro baba vake uye yepedyo hama, akatiza dzomutengesi, yakagadzirirwa kumudzidzisa zvinokosha mubhizimisi, mune boka ravarwi muMarseilles, apo akapinda muchiuto sezvo ari kadheti.

Akatsamwira nokuda hwechido mwanakomana wake, Jakobho Lefort anorayira kudzoka mwanakomana wake kumba. Strict Calvinist Kurerwa haabvumiri Franz kusateerera musoro wemhuri, uye pamusoro wake nokusvika kuGeneva, achiri anoenda kushanda muchitoro.

Zvakatora makore matatu Franz asati agamuchira kubva baba uye nemhuri yake mvumo kuenda kuchiuto basa Duke pakati Courland. Mukupera Muzhizha 1675 inofamba kubva Geneva kutora chikamu muhondo mabasa yemitambo yacho Franco-Dutch War.

At kukokwa yeRussian chamber

Kazhinji muhondo iyoyo European vaiva "Varwi vaya" mauto, akakokwa dzakawanda vatongi duku ehurumende-anazvo masangano. "Musoja Fortune» XVII remakore uye vakava Franz Lefort. Brief Biography nyanzvi idzi muchiuto kazhinji ndiyo nhevedzano nzendo vachitsvaka upenyu huri nani.

Peace hurukuro akatanga muna Holland. Disinherited pashure pokufa kwababa vake, Lefort anogamuchira kukokwa of Dutch wevarwi Van Frostena, kokerai boka iri kukoka Russian chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich, uye pakupera 1675, ari Arkhangelsk, uye kwegore - muMoscow.

ugari German

Chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich panguva yaakafa, choushe chakanga mwanakomana wake - Fyodor. Makore matatu akapfuura pamberi Lefort chakagamuchirwa muchiuto pamwe chinzvimbo mukuru. Panguva ino, akagarisa kupinda guru Muscovy, ndokugara German Quarter, neshamwari pamwechete vokuEurope, vaigara muMoscow kwenguva refu. Mumwe avo vanoda kudzidza mitauro, vachiedza kunzwisisa tsika dzomunharaunda uye vakava Franz Lefort. Rudzi mutorwa vaigara kugarwa yakanga zvakasiyana. Special urongwa Franz akanakidzwa kubva wokuScotland Patrick Gordon, Petro ramangwana mukuru. Iye kunyange vakakwanisa kuroora mwanasikana vatama vachibva England wevarwi Sug - Elizabeth.

Pakupera 1678 Lefort (France Ya - sezvo zvikazikamwa muna Muscovy) akagadzwa mukuru wekambani, nhengo Kyiv ravarwi, akarayira Gordon. Kwemakore maviri ane basa kunze ravarwi muKiev, akatora mugove danidziro kuzorwa Crimean vanhu. Lefort akanakidzwa nzvimbo Prince Vasily Golitsyn, akakurumbira aifarira-Western mashoko.

Muna na1681 Lefort akasunungurwa pamba pazororo. KuGeneva, kwakabva mhuri akaedza kunyengetedza kwaari arege kudzoka ufuza nyika, uye kuramba kushumira Europe. Asi Francois, kubvuma Moscow, akadzokera German kugarwa.

Crimean mishandirapamwe

Paakadzoka Moscow akawana kuchinja iri Kremlin. Pakafa chevaux Fedor panguva umambo vakanga makamushongedza hama Ivan naPetro, pasi regency hanzvadzi yavo - imperious uye chinzvimbo Sophia. Prince Golitsyn aiva wake kufarira, uye kusimbisa simba mambokadzi vaite danidziro maviri pamusoro Crimean vokuTurkey. Vose danidziro havana kubudirira nokuti murombo kugadzirira, asi Lefort, vasingasiyani Kunoumbwa mukuru mukuru, akaratidza nomubati mukuru, uye nokukurumidza kwaitsigirwa kuti konoro.

Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika zviri vaidavira kuti kukundikana wechipiri Crimean pamushandirapamwe (1689) kwakawedzeredzwa, sezvo zvingadaro, asi nokukurumidza pashure simba Sophia pakupedzisira ndokuserera: muMoscow asimuka mambo mutsva - Petr.

Peter rapprochement

Shiny European, vakachenjera uye akanaka, akadzidziswa uye nokukurumidza unyanzvi mukuru Franz Lefort akava dzetsika dzemagariro shamwari mambo wechiduku wacho. He Peter aigona kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda uye hurumende hurongwa, uye kugadzirira hondo kwekuva inoshanda, uye pamusoro kuvandudzika weupenyu European nenzira.

Nokuda yakasimbiswa kubatana Geneva, Franz akatanga chikumbiro chimwe youmambo vanobishairira kukokwa Muscovy zvemainjiniya, Vavaki vengarava, gunsmiths uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzose pamusoro Europe, umo Peter akanzwa chinokosha kuvamirira.

House Lefort ari German Quarter aiva mumwe yakanakisisa kushongedzwa uye nzanga uye yaiva nzvimbo kupfuura yakakodzera kusangana wakadaro vanhu makambani vazhinji, iyo Peter vaungana vakamukomba. Iye akasarudzwa mari kuti mudziyo mumba Lefort horo huru, apo mambo wechiduku aigona kubva kuchinja ezvinhu ari Kremlin kupedza nguva vari European nzira.

On pakuberekwa mudyi wenhaka muna 1690 muMoscow pakaziviswa dzakawanda Nyasha dzemutendi yomukati pedenderedzwa Peter. Not tingosiyana uye Lefort. Franz Yakovlevich akava Major General.

Lefortovo Sloboda

Akumbirwa Lefort, uyo akatsvaka kusika muMoscow hondo dzose, kuruboshwe kumahombekombe Yauza govera nzvimbo kuti musasa zvechiuto. Pane rakarongwa hombe achimisa pasi, iyo vaipinda imwe ndichibvunza chibooreso uye kurovedza tactical, akamisira yemauto uye dzimba navatariri. Zvishoma nezvishoma pakange vakaumba madhorobha nzvimbo, ikozvino nezita Lefortovo.

Major General Lefort simba guru rakatanga kugadzirira itsva mhando wehondo Russian. Kuronga chokupika pabasa nomusi European womuenzaniso, akatsvaka kuti pakuomerera kuchengeta chirango uye yakakwirira noumhizha ravarwi navatariri. Panguva anofambisa - "varaidza nzendo" - akaratidza pachake ushingi, mumwe akakuvara zvishoma.

Achienda Azov

Muna 1695 uye 1696 muchiuto mishandirapamwe kumaodzanyemba, vakange chinangwa vaikwanisa kuGungwa Black uye Turkish kutyisidzira ichivharira kumaodzanyemba miganhu Russia vakaitwa. Franz Lefort uye Petro 1 panguva emakambani aya vaiva kugara uye pedyo pamwe. Panguva storming pakati nhare Azov Lefort aiva pamberi kurwisa uye kunyange pachake anopamba muvengi mureza.

Munguva nekugadzirira danho rechipiri hwezasi hondo Lefort akava Admiral of Fleet. Peter ari pakugadzwa uku haana kubva kunoshamisa flotovodcheskih Franz unyanzvi haana nhaka. Aiva nesimba mubasa anokosha, simba, ungwaru, kuvimbika Lefort, mukuzvipira kwake kuna Kesari. Vaifanira kuvaka ngarava, nokuti majaya Russian rengarava, chokudzidzisa zvikwata. In yechipiri pamushandirapamwe Lefort akagadzwa mukuru wengarava mauto.

embasi huru

Muchirimo 1697 muMoscow ari nedzenyu basa vanhu 250 vakaenda Europe. Musoro nhume yakanga Lefort, Peter vakapinda somunhu akazvimirira ega. Chinangwa "Embassy Great" kwaiva kuwana pamwe European inoti pamusoro Turkish Empire, uye jaya mambo akatsvaka kugutsa kwake kuziva pamusoro European nzira youpenyu, mauto matsva uye zvavo ruzivo.

Munguva European runobudirira, Lefort aiva mukuru wavana Embassy. Iye akatungamirira vachishingaira nedzenyu hurukuro, maiva yemichato, yakambotora enyika European, akataura nevaya vaida kupinda Russian basa. Akaparadzana namambo chete kwenguva ya yenyu mugare muEngland.

Muzhizha 1698 kubva Mosca akagamuchira mashoko pamusoro yemuna musketeers akaita Petro nevamwe vake kuti vadzokere pakarepo kuna Russia.

kurasikirwa kukuru

On paakadzokera guru Lefort maererano namambo aiitawo miedzo vapanduki nouta, apo pane uchapupu kunyunyuta ake pamusoro kunhaka nevazhinji vaiurayiwa, kubatanidzwa chaakanga akanyatsoramba.

Ridzai rwendo Europe iri Yauza yakavakwa nokuda Lefort zvinoshamisa mumuzinda, apiwa naPetro. Asi Admiral akanga chete kupemberera zvemaoresa housewarming. Mukupera February, utano hwake nokukurumidza hwakaipa. Ake-refu ndondo mibairo kuwa kubva bhiza zvakaitika kwaari panguva yacho Azov rutsigiro. Pakapera February 1699 aiva chando, vachirwara nefivha uye 2 March iroro akafa.

Yaiva kurasikirwa yakakura nokuda Czar Peter. Akati kuti arashikirwa shamwari yechokwadi, mumwe shamwari vakatendeka zvikuru, iyo yava kunyanya kudiwa.

Shamwari dzechokwadi, uyewo hasha vavengi, uye aiva Lefort. Franz Yakovlevich, pfupi Biography riri rakafanana zvarongwa uchinzvera yokufungidzira, vamwe wakakonzera kuremekedza, vamwe - ruvengo unopfuta. Ungangove, aiva mukuru initiator of Petrine zvinhu, zvinoita sokuti chikamu dzekare. Asi kuti iye chete ngochani shamwari yamambo, sezvinotaurwa nevamwe, zvakare, iri zvakadzama kururama. Pamberi pedu - rakajeka hwomunhu, pamwe ose faibha kwomwoyo wangu ndinoda kubudirira kuti nyika, rwakazokura musha wake wechipiri.