Caliber 308 Win: wongororo, nokurondedzerwa, uye ballistics

Caliber 308 rinoreva boka guru muhondo uye kuvhima cartridges, iro rine yakakura chaizvo kwakaita kuparadzirwa uye chikumbiro. boka iri rinosanganisira anoverengeka kwazvo zvakafanana ayo hwokugadzira zvechadenga mhando zvombo, yakatanga pachishandiswa rechimakumi matatu caliber cartridges akashandiswa US Army pakutanga kwezana XIX - XX emakore. Caliber 308 vakanyura mukuteerera uye ndiye akakodzera zvinodiwa mauto uye kuti kuvhima. katuriji ichi anosunungurwa anenge ose makambani makuru munyika. Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana okunatsiridza cartridges pasi maoko 308 caliber mabara vari zvakasiyana unhu kuti vane simba pamusoro kukura uye ballistic mashoko. Lineup kunovhima nepfuti uye nezvombo zvehondo, vachishandisa caliber iyi yakakura chaizvo uye rinosanganisira, Inter Alia, mudzimba kuitika. caliber Izvi Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri muzvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira rakarurama bara, zvishoma hazviiti, zvakawanda chiedza uremu zvombo pasi katuriji ichi uye yakafara recharge kushandisa michina nezvaanogona. Domestic Vagadziri kunovhima zvombo kare akashandisa mukana pamusoro caliber pakati 308 uye anopa zvakawanda zvombo caliber 308 mukana wekuti mutengo, uyewo kuva dzakasiyana itsva nepfuti maererano matsva nezvemaitiro kubatana wokuvhima zvombo, kusanganisira dzakasiyana vane kuchinjaniswa emiti uye shutter mazana.

Vamutangira ramakumi matatu caliber

History of American ramakumi matatu geji anodzokera "hurumende Chuck» 45-70 Hurumende, iyo haina kutanga kusvikira 1873.

Raiva zvakaoma uye pasi-simba zvombo kuti monovalent Springfield uto pfuti pamwe anotevera zvinhu:

1. The caliber - 11,63 mm.
2. Powder Charge - 4,54 d
3. Weight bara - 26,2 d
4. Power - 3000 joules.

Waiva vaichengetedza pakati Transitional ichikosha apo paiva yokutsiva kuti upfu vatema kuti isina chiutsi pyroxylin marudzi. ballistic kuita kwayo uye zvokurega zvazvinoita zvikuru zvakafanana bara pena kubva pfuti 16 caliber. At kwezana remakore US Army aida katuriji idzva, imwe lightweight, isina chiutsi gunpowder uye duku caliber nepfuti kuwanda. Saka muna 1892 pakava katuriji 30-40 Krag pfuti Krag-Jorgensen. Raiva kare nhengo remhuri vanoitisana American ramakumi matatu caliber, raiva chaiwo bhodhoro serin'i dzisimbe. The musiyano chikuru katuriji ichi kubva nekutambira zviitiko zviri projecting flange pakupedzisira pakuguma ruoko. Its zvatariswa ndeinotevera:

1. Caliber - 7.8 mm.
2. Length - 78,5 mm.
3. bara - 6-13 d
4. zvazvingava The kwokutanga - 883-820 m / s.
5. munyaradze Energy - 2529 J.

Raiva rakapinza kusvetuka kumusoro siyana uye rakarurama moto. At chinhambwe 200 metres apo vachiridzira panguva sandara trajectory ari bara rovira kusvika 2 cm. The vemauto anoshandisa katuriji iyi kushandiswa refu, asi nokuti kuvhima mhuka huru kusvikira makirogiramu 250 richiri kushandiswa.

The chikuru vamiririri American ramakumi matatu caliber

vanoitisana mhuri yose vane maoko mupudzi zvakaumbwa, uyewo 30-40 Krag, asi havana yakabudikira flange.

The chikuru vamiririri ramakumi matatu caliber kunge yakagadzirwa somunhu diki-caliber zvombo kuti boka handguns. cartridges izvi zvisingapindirani kureba ruoko, hunobata uwandu gunpowder, uyewo chimiro, uremu uye pamasikiro nemabara. Sleeve pasina yakabudikira flange chinhu kukura wokuGermany uye rakagadzirirwa nepfuti chete magazini bhokisi mhando Mauser M 98. mumiririri dzinoverengeka chaiwo American simbi ramakumi matatu caliber zvombo kuti nepfuti Springfield, vari makopi-yambotaurwa nepfuti German magazini bhokisi uye svobodnoskolzyaschim kutenderera bhaudhi wokutanga. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore paiva maviri zvombo zvakadaro. It anoyera 30-03 uye 30-06 Springfield. Both katuriji akasiyana mumwe pakukura uye Maumbirwe bara katuriji. Caliber 30-06 ane mapfupi ruoko noruoko 1,77 neMM, asi chinonyanya kukosha musiyano uri pamasikiro nemabara. 30-03 ane rinorema caliber bara yairema 14.3 d ane raundi musoro mugove. In bara ichi akatendeukira zvakakwana kuti mukuru chaitwa flatness kupfura, asi iye ane kwazvo kurega ehupfumi. maitiro aya zvakakonzera zvayo zvechiuto basa pfupi uye achakurumidza kutamira muchikwata wokuvhima zvombo. Okupedzisira digits maviri anoratidza caliber rokuti mugore nokutungamirirwa izvi US Army zvombo. Caliber 30-03 - 1903 muguta Caliber 30-06 - 1906 The sevanakomana kushandisa mutsva katuriji caliber ramakumi matatu makore matatu chete kwaiva kuchikonzerwa nemabara. VokuGermany nokuti magazini dzavo nepfuti akatanga kuita zvakajeka mabara akanga akareruka uye aiva kururama. MuUnited States pakarepo pavakatambudzwa German utsanzi akatora shanduro kwavanoita katuriji ane wakananga bara yairema 9.7 polnoobolochnoy Saka paiva caliber pakati 30-06, iro richiri kushandiswa senzira uto zvombo, riri kuonekwa vakawanda kunovhima cartridges munyika.

The dambudziko wekusarudza ramakumi matatu caliber zvombo

Chokwadi chokuti pane huru uye vakawanda maviri musiyano wezvinyorwa pamusoro ramakumi matatu zvombo caliber pamwe zvinenge zvakafanana ballistic unhu, asi ivo zvinoda dzakasiyana maviri akasiyana mukamuri magadzirirwo uye kukura ondomoka. Ichi chombo 30-06 geji uye geji 308 takunda. dambudziko iri nguva nezvakaonekwa vavhimi ruzivo, nokuti kupa rinenge chete pfuti kuti cartridges pamwe chete ballistics, asi pakusarudza zvombo kunotsamira tichisunga kune imwe mhando zvombo. To ezvinhu izvi zvakakonzera zvishoma kunyara, unofanira kutsanangura nei dambudziko iri yakabuda zvachose. Kupomera US vemauto, sezvo vari cartridges zvakagadzirirwa zvechiuto zvombo kuti US Army. Caliber katuriji 308 ari mupfupi shanduro 30-06 geji. Wakafupisa shanduro akazviratidza pashure peHondo Yenyika II, apo zvinodiwa mauto aida mutsva zvenguva katuriji ane kusimba kukanganisa pahwaro izvo zvaiita kuti vave gadziriro itsva pamusoro otomatiki zvombo. Shorter ruoko zvinoita kuti pave tsindirana otomatiki nokuda pfupi nokuvatema yemasiraidhi, uye kuderera pamusoro tomu simba pave rukuru prerequisites uremu chombo. Mukutanga 50-ies pamusoro caliber pakati 308 rakagamuchirwa US Army uye dzimwe nyika - nhengo NATO. Izvi katuriji richiri kushandiswa nokuti michini, zvigwagwagwa uye mapfuranhunzi nepfuti kuMadokero. On uremu uye ballistics kuvhima zvombo kushandura ramakumi matatu mharidzo saizi caliber katuriji muna 1906 kusvika pasina maturo. Ndokusaka pane dzinenge mbiri caliber, pasi vakaitwa rinenge chete pfuti ine zvakasiyana sitiroko Kureba ondomoka.

The geji 308 akasiyana takunda 30-06 geji rinoshandisirwa okuvhimisa

Caliber 30-06 yokuenzanisira 1906 rine zvinotevera unhu:

1. Gauge - 7,62 mm (rinoshanda saizi - 7,82 mm).
2. The katuriji kureba - 84,84 mm.
3. ruoko kureba - 63,35 mm.
4. Possible uremu chikuva mabara - 6,54-16,2 guta
5. zvazvingava The kwokutanga - 820-976 m / s.
6. siyana tomu simba - J. 3200-4126.
7. Mano manually kushongedzera zvinodiwa bara katuriji uye anodiwa kwazvo upfu.

Caliber 308 hwina ane zvinotevera unhu:

1. Gauge - 7,62 mm (rinoshanda saizi - 7,82 mm).
2. The katuriji kureba - 71,05 mm.
3. ruoko kureba - 51,18 mm.
4. kuwanda bara zviyereso - 6,54-13, ari
5. zvazvingava The kwokutanga - 800-950 m / s.
6. munyaradze Energy - 3600 J.

misiyano Minor uye musiyano mutengo

It cartridges vane michina maitiro akafanana vavo ballistic kuita iri rinenge chete. Caliber 30-06 anokwanisa kushongedzera rinorema nemabara, asi zvakanakira kuti caliber mumuromo 308 zvinogoneka chete kana simba chaienzanirana kureba Upfu pamwe runoenzanirana monyorora uye kushandisa rinokosha upfu yakasimbisa combustion. Rinonyatsooneka musiyano zvombo izvi ndizvo mutengo wavo Kuwanikwa pamusoro musika weRussia. Import 308 caliber okuvhimisa idukusa 30-06. Asi zvose zvemumba zvombo calibers, zviri isingadhuri zvikuru pane kutorwa ndivo, vari chaizvo zvakasiyana zvinooneka. In mafungiro vavhimi, 30-06 caliber kugadzirwa Barnaul pamwe simbi nyaya ine zvakawanda kugunun'una pamusoro rakarurama kupfura, nhamba pokumbononotswa kupfura uye mukana wokuti jamming pagedhi. Asi mudzimba Caliber 308 ane ndoda dzinogutsa mune unhu. Kana uchisarudza zvombo ramakumi matatu American caliber vanofanira kufunga huchinje mutengo zvombo kuti ariko pakati unhu kupinza cartridges .30-06 caliber mudzimba zvombo caliber 308, zviri zvakare zvikuru zvinogamuchirika unhu. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, musiyano iri ballistic unhu vachava hazvishandi. Mukutonga kupfupiswa shanduro American vaichengetedza ramakumi matatu caliber pakuvhima zvombo ari pamusika panoita akasiyana kusarudza zvivezwa zvombo.

ballistics

Ballistics Caliber 308 ane imwe specificity. Loss bara kumhanya 308 caliber wayo Kushaya kubva chinjikira mundege zvinobva kurema bara, ayo mhando uye zvinogonekwa imwe katuriji. Tafura chinoratidza okufananidza unhu akasiyana ballistic zvombo panguva vachiridzira ari chinhambwe 200 metres uye monyorora 12 nemainji.

Patafura apa anoratidza kuti ballistics pa 308 caliber cartridges kubva vagadziri dzakasiyana zvacho zvingasiyana chaizvo nokuda zvakasiyana uremu mabara kushandiswa, zvitarisiko dzavo dzakasiyana uye zvakasiyana uwandu uye unhu madota. 308 caliber ballistic chokupika mudzimba kugadzirwa cartridges zvishoma akaderera kupinza cartridges, izvo inoratidzwa patafura.

Zvakanakira kunovhima zvombo nehurongwa 308 caliber

Kuvhima nepfuti caliber 308 angava kuwanda, automatic, Semi-otomatiki uyewo singly uye pamwe hunde dzacho vanoverengeka hukuru zvose. Self-vachizvitakudza uye otomatiki nepfuti pasi kupfupiswa ramakumi matatu caliber yakarova zvakawanda chaizvo nokuda ezasi anodzoka. 308 caliber carbine kunovhima ane zvimwe zvinhu. Single-bara carbines vane chiedza vharafu ane pfupi sitiroko inoita kuti zvibvire kuti kuderedza urefu uye kurema chombo pasina zvinopesana kururama. Cartridge 308 vakanyura mukuteerera caliber. Pasi rinogona kuwanikwa sezvo rimwe-bara pfuti ine yakatambarara zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope pasuwo, uye ane vertically zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope. Carbines 308 caliber pamwe wehunyambiri shutter kunonyanya tsindirana, chiedza uremu uye rechargeable chinyararire, pasina kunonoka, uye zvakamubaya chitubu vanogona kuva muchimiro clip, kwete zononoka, izvo zvinoita izvi hurongwa vari isingatadzikari. Pane zvakawanda kubatsira vane Caliber 308 wongororo vavhimi anoratidza kuti kukundikana chitoro cartridges izvi zviri nyore kubhadharisa mumba manually, chimwe panguva, asi pamwe yakareba cartridges akadai .30-06 caliber nevamwe, unyanzvi iyi hainyanyoshanda kana kwete zvachose hazvibviri nokuda kureba. Uye mumwe nani. Muzvitoro pasi refu pfuti cartridges kakawanda pane deformation ane nyoro goko mabara kuti otomatiki kwebasa kamuri, hunobata rakarurama vapfurwa. Ndoda dzinogutsa panyaya iyi chokwadi caliber 308 Reviews nyanzvi dzinofungidzira iri 308 caliber munhau iyi kupfuura refu shanduro 30-geji.

308 caliber chombo enyika pamwe kuchinjaniswa emiti

308 caliber katuriji nguva dzose maererano kuitika kukura kuvhima dzokurwa. Vose kuwedzera kukurumbira yezvisikwa ezvinhu, unogona kushandisa mamwe dzakakurumbira calibers vavo mhando. Pane muenzaniso dzakachinja mumunda dzinenge dziri 308 caliber carbine, dzinenge dziri 30-06 carbine Tsodzo, uyewo shanduko iri caliber pakati Upfu. Somuenzaniso, muna Browning Maral ino zvi- zvinosanganisira kuchinjaniswa emiti uye shutter dukutu. mashandiro Its zvikuru zvakafanana mashandiro pamusoro AK, asi pane gasi vakavhiyiwa mudziyo. Iyi nguva recharge rinoitwa manually kuburikidza kudhonza bhaudhi nokuku. Pazvipfuwo kuitika pamwe kuchinjaniswa emiti uye shutter mazana anganzi otomatiki carbine Kugadzirwa VPO "The Hammer". Ichi rakasiyana kuvhima zvombo Russian kugadzirwa iri seboy zvizere zvaitika carbine pamwe magazini venting mashandiro, iro rinogona kushanda sechinhu 308-caliber pfuti, uyewo carabiner 223 Rem uye 20H76. Ichi - uye pfuti, uye vaviri mhando pfuti mune rimwe ezvinhu, akaurayiwa rimwe rezinesi.

Optimum monyorora nokuti 308 geji

Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvigunwe zvine twist for the 308th caliber, kubva 10 kusvika ku 14 masendimita emurongo urefu. Twist ishanduko yakakwana yebhuroti inopoteredza nheyo yayo, iyo inodaro painofamba mumugwagwa wemugomo. Saizvozvowo, kuputika kwemasentimita gumi-ichi ndicho chizere chakazara chebhuruti mumuromo, iyo inoita kuti bhodhi mushure mekupfuurira inenge gumi-inch inomhanya pamwe chete nedu. Iyo yakaremera uye yakasara ibhu, iyo shomanana iyo inoshandura. Kuti uone hutano hwakanaka hwema 308th caliber, unofanirwa kuziva rudzi rwebhuruti ruchashandiswa zvikuru mukuvhima. Izvo zviyero zvakaenzana zvezana 168-pound bullet inogona kuonekwa sekanakisisa pamakona 308. Zviratidzo zvinoratidza kuti kana bhomba yakadaro zvishoma zvingaita zvinokanganisa zvichava 14 masendimita. Huru dzine simba dzakadaro dzichave dzakakura, asi bholose yavo icharamba iri mukati mekubvumira kunogamuchirwa. Nekurema kwakanyanya 308 mabheti, shorter twist inodiwa. Vatsva vazhinji vanoti izvozvi 308 zvaunoda iwe zvinokanganisa 12. Somuenzaniso, Chaset carabiner 550 caliber 308 mukugadziridzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kunowanzotaurwa semuenzaniso. Zvipfuti zveCzech zvakazivikanwa nevhavha yepasi rose kwehurefu hwakawanda hwe cartridges ye 307 caliber, iyo iyo pachayo inenge yakawanda. Kuti kuderedze uremu hwezvombo, vashandi veSczech vanoshandisa teknolojia yakakosha pakugadzirwa kwezvikwata zviduku zvakasimba, izvo zvinokanganisa zvikuru bhazinesi nekuda kwekuwedzeredza kwebhari. Nekuvhima kwekutengeserana kunoda truru rakasvibirira, iri nyore kuona, apo iwe unokwanisa kukurumidzira kubata chinangwa pane fukorwe, kusakosha-kusina kushandiswa uye yevhavha yekodhiyo yakaderera ye 30 caliber, iyo 308 caliber. Iko kunokonzera kunofanira kuverengwa nokuda kwehuwandu hunorema uye kureba kwebhuruti. Pamusoro pezvinhu zvose zvinotyisa uye zvinotyisa, 308 mazamu ekuvhima mhuka dzinofanirwa kusarudzwa ne 12-inch twist, iyo ichapa pfuti yakavimbika yezvinyorwa zvepamba zvine mazamu epamba. Ita 308 ine sarudzo yakasununguka yakawanda yekurembera mabhudzi pamutengo unotengesa, saka 12 kushanduka ndiyo yakawanda chimbo chinogona.

Mutemo wekururamisira ndeye Remington 308 caliber

Ichombo chekuvhima pasi pe308 caliber kubva kumakambani "Remington" ine mhando yakanakisisa yemhando yakasiyana-siyana. Chivharo chekudzivirira chesimbe-shoma nemapfupa emagazini eki kambani inovakira zvakasimba paMupurisa weMauser wekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. 308 caliber inoita kuti iwe ugadzire zvombo zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pamitambo yemitambo uye kupedzisa nezvombo zvokuredza, zvinowanzoitirwa kusaka kumativi ekuchamhembe kweAmerican continent. Kururama kwepfuti dzeRemington pasi pe 308th cartridge hazvina kukwana. Mukusvika $ 3,000, unogona kuwana pfuti yeRemington pasi pemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemasere, zvinosanganisira kusvuta, mitambo uye kudzivirira. Kururamisa kwakakwirira kunokonzerwa nekuvimba kwezvombo zveAmerica uye zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zveNATO kurwisana zvombo, apo karijiyo 308 imwe yezvinyorwa zvikuru zvemabhizimisi nemapuraneti. Sleeve shomanana isina ruvara rwemakumi matatu ekupedzisira inopa mikana yakanaka yevatadzi kugadzira zvombo zvekuvimbika zvakasimba nekururama, vachitarisa zvinodiwa munharaunda yehurumende. 308 makaridhiji epasiki ane michina yakafanana yeBalist kumadokero analogu inowedzera zvakanakisa zvinganzwisisika zvemazana 308 ekuvhima muRussia. Kunyorera kwakadzika, kukwirira kwakakwana uye zviyero zvakatendeka zve recharge mechanism zvinogadzira 308 caliber inokosha mumativi ese ekushandiswa, kusanganisira kwete kungovhima, asiwo kudzivirira nekuchengeteka.