Gunpowder utsi: sezvamunoita. Kuputa kana isina chiutsi upfu - chii kusarudza?

Kana uri farira muvhimi, ipapo zvirokwazvo iwe kupfuura kamwe kukavapo mubvunzo zvombo michina. Unogona kushandisa kwete chete bara, asi gunpowder utsi uye isina chiutsi. To zvakanaka izvi, unofanira kuziva features, akafanana, mashoko kushandiswa gunpowder. Chii tine kuziva munyaya ino.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana gunpowder

Munhu wose anoziva kuti upfu - zviri putika, iro rinoshandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvombo kupa projectile inofamba. Govera kutevera marudzi gunpowder:

1. Gunpowder utsi:

• munhuwo okuvhimisa;
• sarudza.

2. isina chiutsi.

Maererano neimwe kupatsanura pakati upfu izvozvo zvinosiyana kukura, tichifunga zvinonzi nevamwe:

• upfu guru;
• avhareji;
• nemicheka.

Pane imwe kupatsanura, ari gunpowder pairi rakakamurwa mapoka maviri:

1. Zvokuimba nezvakasanganiswa. boka iri zvinosanganisira serougolny nitrate, dema upfu, uye chiratidzo "Lesmok", izvo zvinosanganisira vamwe enhancers upfu unhu.
2. Gunpowder ari solvent zvinogona kuva zvose kugadzikana uye-kugadzikana.

Zvichienderana siyana madota ane zvimwe unhu uye unhu zvinofanira kufungwa kana uchishandisa.

The ehupfumi of upfu

Black upfu, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuti chombo upfu kana anenge yevatema ruvara, zviyo kana pasisina 1.25 mm. Kana upfu quality, zviyo makasimba uye achava kubwinya, chimiro anogona kuva kumativi kuti zvishoma chisina kutsetseka.

Gunpowder smoky midziyo okuvhimisa zvombo kazhinji arongwe maererano nokukura, sezvamakaropafadzwa duku nani, sezvo inopa mamwe nokukurumidza mutariri combustion. Kwekutanga remakore rapfuura, taishandisa gunpowder hombe.

Kana upfu quality, hazvisi nyore saka gags pakati zvigunwe. Hands kuramba kushanda akachena. Kana kudira pamusoro papepa, zvinofanira vanomutevera muchimiro guruva kusvika asingarambi.

Gunpowder utsi duku tsama, kana nomoto, nokukurumidza inotanga, uye zvisinei, pepa, chinoramba chakamira. Kana hunosiya mavanga mumaoko kana bepa, zvino, ari kugadzirwa yenhengo yave havaratidzi yakavhenganiswa.

The Zvinoumba upfu dema

The Kuronga upfu chinosanganisira zvinotevera:

1. Potassium saltpeter.
2. Coal.
3. Nesarufa.

Mumwe rokuti wakakurira ingaita kuti kongiri. Nitrate panguva manyowa fomu okisijeni, iyo inodiwa kuti combustion kuti marasha, sarufa pakupedzisira cements zvose. Uyezve, ine kudzika tembiricha pane marasha, saka gunpowder kuvesa kwacho kunoitika nokukurumidza.

Kana mubvunzo Ndokusaka harishandiswi nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi gunpowder dzimwe mhando nitrate, imhaka potassium hakusi hygroscopic achienzaniswa nevamwe. Coal iri yemanyorero rinobva miti dzisina Resin. Kazhinji, nokunaka pehuni, uye naizvozvo marasha, yekudyidzana paupenyu ehupfumi kuti gunpowder.

Sera nokuti mukugadzira upfu nguva dzose vatora chete crystalline, pasina admixtures calcium magnesium yeimwe uyewo simbi kana jecha.

Zvinoumba upfu dema riri anenge kufanana: 75% Ammonium nitrate, 15% marasha uye 10% sarufa, uye pakupedzisira akawana musanganiswa zvakasiyana yepamusoro. Zvose izvi imhaka yokuti siyana zvinoumba musanganiswa riri pasi, uye izvi ndeimwe anokosha ari kugadzirwa.

Positive chokuita upfu dema

Black dema upfu ane uwandu zvakanakira kuti anowanzoshandiswa.

• Kunyange-refu okuchengetera ehupfumi dzavo anenge asingadi kurasikirwa, asi chete pasi mamiriro kuti 100% zvakanzi kure unyoro.

• nokukurumidza dzakaparira.
• A utetsa duku kunaka upfu wads uye gaskets.
• Anenge asina kukanganiswa maererano kuvesa resimbi pfuti dhiramu.
• Vanenge haagamuchiri nokufamba huru tembiricha, saka zvakafanana rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa kupisa uye kuchitonhora.
• Kunyange kunyatsonaka akaramba yepamusoro pfuti combustion rikurumidze.

kutadza

Pasinei vakawanda mikana, mumwe anogona kutaura pamusoro zvazvakaipira, uye vari kuuyawo:

1. Kana kunyange zvishoma smoky gunpowder akasvibiswa, ipapo unhu hwake, anorasikirwa nokusingaperi.
2. Nokuda kunoguma chin'ai kunosvibisa zvikuru Upfu.
3. Kana kudzingwa basa, inzwi rine simba.
4. hazviiti Strong.
5. A chiduku airspeed.
6. Mushure bara aumbwa gore utsi kuti kunotadzisa ona pamusana pamabasa avo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hazvina kushanda kwete kushandiswa dzevhu njivavarungu kupfura.
7. Kwete kushandisa zvakanaka chaizvo nezvayo kuchinaya uye nyoro ekunze.

Negative unhu akatendeuka akabuda anenge vazhinji varipo zvakanakira.

Terms of kuchengetera gunpowder

Kwete kodzero kuti upfu kana kutenga chete akagadzirira akagadzirwa, zvinokosha kuchengetedza unhu yayo yose kutevedza zvakasimba pamwe kunenge kuti okuchengetera:

1. Zvinofanira kuva chete munyika yakaoma ezvinhu.
2. Kudzivisa ingress kunyange shoma mwando, zvakakodzera kuvhara uye zvakasimba occlude ngarava.
3. Haafaniri kuiswa pedyo vatema upfu kana isina chiutsi capsules.
4. Kana iwe achengetere upfu imba, ipapo anofanira kuva nzvimbo kubvisa zvachose kupinda ane mwana ikoko.

Kana mazano izvi zvose zviri vakatevera, ipapo gunpowder utsi inochengetwa nemi kwemakore.

Kugadzirwa upfu dema

Pakutanga, kwakadai upfu vakasikwa Chinese dzokushandisa hwemoto. Chete ipapo akatanga kushandisa zvombo kana zvinoputika.

Kuita upfu dema zvinoda kushandiswa zvokuvakisa kugadzirwa yematanda kana ivhu. Izvi imhaka yokuti iye ane chimwe chinhu - zvinogona abatidzwa kunofambira mberi magetsi.

Kuti Black upfu zvinoriumba zvinodiwa sezvinotevera:

• 75 magiramu kuti potassium nitrate;
• 10 magiramu rwesarufa;
• 15 magiramu ose pamazimbe;
• kwakadonhera mvura;
• mapepa akasungirwa;
• beaker;
• dhaka;
• yemapuranga chipunu.

The yose kugadzira kwacho inoumbwa anotevera.

1. Isai saltpeter muduri nokugedagedesa zvakanaka. The zvakawandisa mari inogona kuchengetwa nenzira epurasitiki mubhegi.
2. Chete nzira inofanira kuitwa nesarufa uye nemarasha.
3. The beaker nokudira potassium nitrate uye wedzera kufashaira mvura kunyorovesa nitrate.
4. Mozoisa yakapwanyika sarufa marasha uye kusanganiswa kwazvo kwemaminitsi mashoma.
5. Siya beaker muzuva kuti dziome.
6. Dry upfu angagona kudurura kupinda mugaba, asi regai kusiya ari mapurasitiki bhegi kudzivisa kuvesa kubudikidza kunofambira mberi magetsi.

Kana ukatevera ichi mirayiridzo nyore, hapafanire kuva mubvunzo sei kuti upfu dema oga.

A nzira mukugadzira isina chiutsi gunpowder

Munguva ichangopfuura, isina chiutsi upfu vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva utsi, uye nokuda kuti pane dzimwe nhandare, asi tichataura pamusoro pavo papera, asi iye zvino funga mubvunzo gadzira kwaiita upfu noruoko.

Heano amabasa kuitwa.

1. Mark donje, akariisa mune 2% mhinduro kubva yavaibvisa hydroxide uye akabika kwehafu yeawa.
2. Sukurudza mumvura inopisa uye waoma.
3. Very kunyatsofunga uye zvishoma nezvishoma kusanganisa 250 ml kuramba sulfuric acid, 150 ml nitric asidhi uye pfungwa, uye 20 ml mvura. ichi mhinduro tembiricha kuva 25 inegumi.
4. Dry donje inofanira kuiswa iri iine acid musanganiswa uye Nyatsosanganisai kwemaminitsi 30. Unogona kushandisa kana girazi tsvimbo kana porcelain.
5. Zvichitevera nzira iyi, Cotton zvinofanira kusukwa 5 nguva iri kufashaira mvura kwemaminitsi 25 neimwe nguva. Check Kuwanikwa asidhi residues kunogona kuva litmus bvunzo.

Muitiro mukugadzira isina chiutsi upfu, kunyange refu, asi zviri zvikuru noitika mumba pamberi yenhengo zvose uye zvaidiwa kunenge.

Check upfu

Mushure gunpowder utsi vachaitwa, inofanira kuongororwa. Nokuti ichi tinofanira kutora vakasvimha upfu uye moto ine zvakaoma pamusoro. Kana waita zvakarurama uye vawane unhu chigadzirwa, pakarepo zvinofanira ukadarika uye kwete kupisa masekonzi mashoma.

Tapota ona kuti unoramba pashure combustion.

1. Kana echitema kuramba chena, zvakakodzera kuwedzera marasha nesarufa, nekuti zvakawanda nitrate.
2. Musanganiswa haadi kutyora panze, saka shoma nesarufa.
3. A yakawanda utsi inodaro nekumwisa nesarufa.

Zvakaratidza kuti kwete mubvunzo unokosha chete ndiko kuita upfu dema, asi chinhu chikuru kuti akatsauka unhu. Kuti aite izvi, asati kurishandisa, uye uchida kuedza, kureva kuti kutarisa unhu.

Equipment zvombo dema upfu

Asati ravo Kushongedzera cartridges pamusoro gunpowder, zvakafanira kuziva mashoko ose okuchengetera kwayo. Kana akauya ari yakapararawo, hapana chikonzero kuti kurishandisa. Zvave kuti kana ose ezvinhu ose kuchengetera upfu dema inogona kuchengetwa kwemakore anosvika 20.

Equipment dema upfu cartridges zvinofanira kuitwa nokungwarira uye kwazvo. Pre-vanofanira kugadzirira zvose: katuriji nyaya akagadzirwa, zvikabatsira, upfu uye wads. Uyewo bikai zvose nokuda akazadza upfu mhosva.

For kwepfuti yakarurama upfu anofanira kuripa kusvika pedyo 0.01 g, anokosha dispensers anogona kushandiswa chinangwa ichi. Somuenzaniso, kana ukashandisa dema upfu, 16 caliber mabara, madota zvinofanira kutorwa 5-5.5 magiramu uye isina chiutsi - katatu zvishoma.

Yokusimbisa zvombo dema upfu, zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti duku kuti tsanga, zvikuru gunpowder. Mushure rokuzadza katuriji inofanira chisimbiso Dultsev ruoko.

Unogona Chokwadi, kutenga zvombo chitoro, uye mabara vagadzirira, asi kana iwe pachako uri kuita upfu, zvine musoro kushongedzera yavo namaoko cartridges.

Quality isina chiutsi upfu

Nokuti vakawanda mubvunzo unomuka: sei zvakanakisisa kushandisa upfu? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, tinofanira kufunga unhu hwakanaka uye akaipa pamusoro isina chiutsi upfu. Pakati zvazvakanakira ndedzinotevera:

1. Hasha uye kugadzikana kupfura nani zvikuru kana uchishandisa isina chiutsi upfu.
2. Low hygroscopicity kunoita kuti aome abuda nyoro uye kuramba kushandisa.
3. Shooting upfu dema anopa gore utsi, uye isina chiutsi haina kutambudzika, nekuti kana vakapiswa anenge aumbwa Zvinosvibisa pfuti dhiramu.
4. Kwete hazviiti simba akadaro yaunganidzwa vachiridzira uye zvishoma ruzha.

Asi kunewo payakaipira, izvo zvinofanira kufungwa kana ukasarudza kutenga imwe mhando upfu.

1. Isina chiutsi upfu ane pfupi pasherufu upenyu.
2. Zvinoda kunyatsotarisirwa kushongedzera mabara, nekuti kunyange zvarakasiya diki kubva aida kurema upfu kungaita kuti varwadziwe.
3. Zvinoumba isina chiutsi upfu kukanganisa hunde.
4. Kukanganiswa nokuchinja tembiricha.

Chii gunpowder vanosarudza moto, mumwe nomumwe anozvisarudzira. Choice Kazhinji kunotsamira inozoshandisirwa kushandiswa, chinhu kunovhima nezvimwewo, saka dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kutaura kuti mumwe kana rumwe rudzi upfu nani.

Mumwe anogona chete kuti, kushandisa iyi, unofanira kuziva zvivako ayo uye unhu uye kutevera kuchengeteka matanho.