Prussia - ichi ... Umambo Prussia. History of Prussia

Prussia - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu kare zvakawanda inoti zviri kuEurope. Kudivi rimwe, tine kamwe simba State vane mureza runobatanidza yose Germany. Kune vamwe - muumambo havana chete kupota, asiwo nezvisingafadzi. Country akanga ichiputswa pashure pokuwa Third Reich uye kare atambura pasi pejoko Teutons. Imhandoi chenhaka akatipa akasiya nhoroondo Prussia?

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Kusiyana nyika dzakawanda Old World, Prussia pamepu It vakatsvaka evasingatombonamati enyika chikonzero. mutauro wemasaini, saka zvakajairika kuti kutsunga dzimwe nyika, inoshandisa zvakaipa kwazvo, sezvinoita mukuru ari German mutsika munyika.

Zvinokosha kuti Prussia airidza Gungwa reBaltic, riri kuchamhembe kwenyika. Rakanga misha wokutanga akazviratidza ikoko. Munhoroondo yose Prussia, miganhu zvakachinja kakawanda - kubva (pfupi) duchy duku huru chikamu Second Reich pakati Bismarck.

kukanganiswa zvikuru Prussia vakavakidzana nyika - (hama Lithuanians Prussians ropa kupfuura vokuGermany) Lithuania, uye Poland. Wechipiri yakavakwa namano vakawanda ayo okumusoro-yokumadokero muvakidzani panguva yayo rusununguko. Poland rave subjugates ndima yayo.

Find chikuru nyika vakafa wehurumende, Prussia, iye zvino ari Snap. Vanopinda Russian Federation uye Kaliningrad nharaunda dziri. centre Its - chiri Kenigsberg yekare, 1946 aizivikanwa Kaliningrad.

The makarekare

A rakakura basa kwaita Prussia, uyewo yose European kare, airidza mutungamiri Huns, Attila. Ndicho chimiro umambo hwake akaita kugara pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa reBaltic estiev. We akanyora nezvavo vanyori kunyange yekare. Estii akasiya vakasununguka ndima nokuda Prussians, aimbovenga vagara chete kuumbwa zviri Kaliningrad ano.

History of Prussia muchimiro umo tinozviziva nhasi, hazvibviri pasina pakuonekwa hama German uye Brutus Videvuda. Kuvapo kwavo mubvunzo, asi kuvapo nevatongi vakadaro akasika dzinza simba muvanhu pamwe dzakabudirira evanhu noukama uye ndokuvaka simba kutwasuka, anotsanangura unopinza kuwedzera Prussia kukura. Somugumisiro, tsika nemagariro vaiva hama vokuGermany, kwete marudzi dzapedyo - Poles uye Lithuanians.

zvechiKristu

Polish kwavabati duku XI remakore, zviri kuedza kuwedzera nyika dzavo nokuda yechihedheni Prussians. Zvisinei, vakanga akabudirira chaizvo vanyatsowana. Zvichida nharaunda Prussia angadai akaramba vakasununguka feudal Europe mitambo, kana pasi chokumupomera pakati zvechiKristu (panguva kukokwa yomuchinda Polish uye pachake nokuropafadzwa Pope), zvaisazova vakapinda kunozivikanwa Teutonic Order.

Lithuanian Order akamuka yavo mamiriro, iro rave simba zvizere kuita zvechiKristu ane yechihedheni vakawanda kuti Zvakazoitika kuti Prussians zvaibiwa kwakaenderera, kutambudzwa uye mhirizhonga.

Kuwedzera nharaunda

Nemhaka basa rokuva simba zvakananga nokuda Teutons uye Absorção de Água vamwe mirairo chivalry, kuwedzerwa uye Prussia pamepu pachayo. Pane imwe nguva, vakawanda kuBaltic nyika zvaiva mamiriro Teutonic Order.

Inside nyika yaiva yakaoma Catholic ezvinhu kuti ndokuisa zvinyoronyoro, mumwe kutsvetera guru iri Ecclesiastical simba. Kutaura zvazviri, Teutonic Order akateerera (via Tenzi) kuna Pope, saka hurumende yakanga pasi kudzora zvizere Vatican.

Kutanga umambo

Kusvikira navatanhatu remakore iripo mamiriro ari Teutonic Order. It akatungamirira hondo dzakawanda - dzimwe nguva kubudirira, kuwedzera mamiriro avo, asi pedyo yekufamba kwenguva kuti chipo, zvikuru muduku ari Teutons muhondo.

Kunyanya chakakomba chaiva kukundwa kwavo gumi Years 'War pamusoro Poland. Rakanga wokupedzisira kurwadzisa kuna Teutonic Order - chido nesimba uye kutiza hasha Papa. Master Albreht Brandenburgsky wokurera Protestantism, naro Prussia akava muzvinhu zvenyika. Akavawo muranda wamambo wePolish. Tenzi Vaimbove akaita zvakawanda anobatsira zvinhu nehurumende. Somuenzaniso, chokugadzirisa magariro uye vazarura yunivhesiti yokutanga. Uyezve, kutenda kwaari, Prussia - ichi ndicho chokutanga mamiriro munhoroondo chikuru kutenda pamutemo echiPurotesitendi.

Duchy pamusoro Prussia haana kugara kwenguva refu - mwanakomana Albrecht akazviratidza achirwara uye pashure pokufa kwababa vake vaisagona kutora chigaro, uye ipapo pakarepo akafa. Rakatevera mugari wenhaka kuna Duchy aiva mambo Polish.

Prussian Kingdom kuPoland

Kuva nenguva kwayo dziripo nyika itsva, mubati kufunga, chii chichaitika kuna Prussia. umambo Zvaiita yakanaka sarudzo, sezvo yakawedzera yekudyidzana rudado mambo. Zvino akanga gavhuna kaviri.

Kufanana chero umambo mukati Umambo Prussia yakanga yakazvimirira chaizvo. Chakanga mitemo yayo, yayo dare. Kunyange hondo yake raishanda aparadzane vokuPoland. Mukuwedzera, nharaunda ehurumende rakakura nokukurumidza, saMambo Prussia aiziva - chete vakaungana vakamukomberedza mutsigiri simba uye simba, vaikwanisa kutaura muPoland uye kudzokera ayo nemidzi German.

Zvisinei, zviyero chakaomarara kudaro haana kudiwa. Panguva paumbwe German mamiriro Prussia sei Poland akanga hondo pamwe Sweden, uye aida rubatsiro vatsigiri. Brandenburg, Prince Frederick William I vakabvuma kupa kubatsira vavakidzani, akapa kuti vanogamuchira Prussia - nyika yaakanga, sezvo pakukura muchinda German, vakafunga kuti chizvarwa German, izvo zvinoreva kuti ayo.

With kutengeserana uku vakaumba hugota muBrandenburg-Prussia, izvo kwaifanira kuridza hombe basa ramangwana upenyu enyika muEurope.

Independent Prussian umambo

Nemhaka zvavaiita, uye nhaka mwanakomana wababa vake Prince muBrandenburg, riri kuwana zvakawanda panyika, uye pamwe chete navo uye simba, akanga korona. Frederick I akakwira choumambo muna 1701, achiratidza kuti nyika kuti Prussia - yava yakazvimirira umambo.

Kufadza Nhoroondo mambakwedza Prussia dzakawira Frederick bhodhi. Iye ichiri kunzi mumwe wemadzimambo makuru Europe, sezvo akanga kuchinja zvakawanda - zvakasimbisa upfumi Prussia vake, saka Treasury mukana mari hondo dzenyeredzi inopfupikisa. Akanga vachinje dzidzo, hurumende midziyo uye zvinoitwa zvechiuto.

Nokuda guru nhamba yehondo kuti kupindira Mambo Prussia nokuda kwechikonzero zvakafanira, nyika yake vashoma vane nyika itsva uye itsva, nokusika Prussians mukurumbira somumwe vaitungamirira marudzi ose Old World. Chete kamwe akarwisa Prussia - Russian Empire akatora pachake chikamu kuBaltic pashure pokukundwa muhondo kuzorwa naro mumakore manomwe War. Zvisinei, kunyange kukundwa uyu haana zvakakomba - rugare chibvumirano pakati Frederick II uye Peter III nyika vakadzokera Prussia nokukurumidza.

Zvinosuruvarisa pashure ruva simba vakatevera nokukurumidza wasvava. Mambo mutsva, Frederick II, asingagoni kuchengeta simba pamusoro kudaro ezvinhu. Kutonga kwake zvikuru simba Prussia, asi mwanakomana wake ndipo kwokupedzisira kufirwa Prussia tiite basa Europe.

Asi uyewo anokonzera naye zvikuru hazviiti. Mambo Prussia vasingagoni kukunda aval wehondo Napoleon raMwari. Iye kuparadzwa kwaro nzira neimwe hurumende. Mushure Napoleonic yaitonga Prussia vakadzorerwa munzvimbo duku zvikuru, uye zvaiita iye kwaifanira kurarama upenyu hwake kuti apedze kurasikirwa statehood, kana kwete ...

German umambo

Great, Otto von Bismarck, oddly zvakakwana, aiva Prussia. With chitarisiko chake mune zvematongerwe enyika zvinogona kumisa kushevedza mazita Prussian madzimambo - zvino havasi nezvaanoita tichienzanisa "Iron chanzera".

Bismarck waiva gurukota-purezidhendi Prussia, uye farira kukuchidzira kuti pfungwa rakabatana German mamiriro. Panguva iyoyo zvaiita sezvisingaiti - nharaunda German kunofambirana dhazeni anorwisana zviduku inoti asi mumwe simba Austria. Zvisinei, Bismarck hakwaizova mutungamiri mukuru kana ndisina yakajeka uye kusingazununguki urongwa.

Danho nedanho, nayo yakatowedzera simba Prussia vachirwa Denmark uye kusarudza munharaunda yayo. Bismarck aida chete chikonzero kurwiswa musi kuAustria, uye iye akatendeukira vakakwira - muchiuto kunetsana muItaly kwakakonzera-vhiki nomwe hondo pakati Austria uye Prussia, izvo kwakaguma mubatanidzwa 21 inotaura chiGerman uye pakusikwa German Empire. Mambo Prussia, Wilhelm ndakatanga Kaiser uye Bismarck - ake chanzera.

The German Empire yazova imwe huru nyika munyika. Not mudukusa basa rayo sezvamunoita inogarwa Prussia. Umambo hwaderera kupinda yokukanganwa, asi akabvunza Prussians nemagariro enyika mataurire umambo.

Zvinosuruvarisa William II haana kudaro kure VANOONA wezvematongerwo enyika. Akaendesa Bismarck kubva muhofisi, uye akatanga kuitisa wakakwana kuchinja mumhuri policies, uye azere mashoko akasimba hasha dzavatorwa. Vakakavadzana wokuRussia uye British Crown, akavatapa Germany zindoga.

Zviitiko izvi vaiva mukuru prerequisites nokuda Pachatanga World War First, pashure izvo Second Reich akawira nokusingaperi. November Mhirizhonga yakabvaruka Germany, Prussia, zvichiita rimwe duku akazvimirira inoti iyo dzakamanikidzwa kubhadhara mubereki wavo guru.

Asi sezvo nguva dzose zvinoitika munhoroondo Germany, apo venhoroondo vakanga vakagadzirira agumise nhoroondo vasina kuroora, unhu hutsva anozviratidza pedyo, iyo inofanira kuungana vakamupoteredza vokuGermany zvose.

Wechitatu Reich

Senzira Third Reich, Prussia aiva mumwe nechepakati nzvimbo.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Hitler haana kuita weboka Germany, zvagara rakaitirwa munzvimbo iyi.

In Joint yevaNazi-mamiriro Prussia yawana kuzvionera, asi yakanga chete papepa. Kutaura zvazviri musoro kuzvionera chaigadzirwa Hitler kana mumwe vakuru Reichstag - zvichienderana musi chaiwo.

It iri Third Reich muna Prussia pakupedzisira usapfuura miganhu yakazvimirira mamiriro. Zvino akanga ari chikamu Germany, kunyange vaimbova guta rayo - Berlin - kare kurega kuva nechokuita nazvo.

Pashure Germany yevaivamanikidza muHondo Yenyika II chikamu wenharaunda Prussia, kusanganisira Königsberg akwegura, akazotamira USSR. Vamwe nharaunda akaramba ari GDR uye frg.

Prussia pakupera Yechipiri World War

Prussia muna 1945 gore kwenguva kumiririrwa chinhu. Somunhu yoga pakusava hariko kunyange dzidziso, pasinei yokurasikirwa Germany. Nekuti zuva rakange ravira mumwe marudzi simba zvikuru Europe. Kana mberi kwedu kumirira itsva isingatarisirwi chijana? Pashure pezvose, kusati kwatombova Bismarck kuti Prussia akafanotaura zvakafanana.

mugumisiro

Prussia - ichi ndechimwe chezvinhu dzichipesana mapeji enhau German. Hurumende, iyo nheyo nokuvapo wepanguva yeUnited Germany, chokwadi, akanga yakazvimirira kusimba pfupi nguva yakawanda.

Zvisinei, nguva dzose apo Prussia pamepu chakamukazve chava Sangano, kunyange zviduku-pamiganhu yayo, kuti ndinongotaura kunoratidza kuti iye isimba Germany, ayo mwoyo uye pfungwa wechokwadi.

Zvimwe nyaya kamwe zvakare akagamuchira chibhende tinge - Prussians, vagari kuBaltic nyika, zvatakakutadzirai zvakabatanidzwa Lithuanians uye Estonians, vokuGermany vane kunyange kupfuura vokuGermany pachavo. Izvi ndizvo zvakavanzika Prussian kare, asi, zvikurukuru, uye ayo unokwezva - iri kusingaperi Kukunda uye akakunda iri hondo pamwe kutsanangura.