Ngarava dzepasi pemvura of Second World War: photos. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura of Soviet Union uye Germany, Hondo Yenyika II

Yepasi pemvura rengarava yakava chikamu Navy kunyika dzakasiyana kare panguva World War First. Development mabasa mumunda yepasi pemvura yakatanga kare kare rayo kutanga, asi chete pashure pa1914 vakange kunyorwa kwenyaya zvinodiwa kuti zvikepe utariri mabasa zvinoitwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Huru ezvinhu umo vaigona kushanda, kwaiva namano. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Hondo Yenyika II muna marongerwo uye nenheyo kuita akasiyana zvishoma kubva dzavo vamutangira pakati yapfuura emakore. The STRUCTURAL musiyano Kazhinji kwaisanganisira kwesayenzi zvakagadzirwa uye vamwe akazogadzira muna 20s uye 30s vezvikwata uye aggregates, avandudze navigability maitiro uye kugwinya.

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura German pamberi hondo

Pakuurayiwa Chibvumirano Versailles haana kubvumira Germany kuvaka marudzi akawanda ngarava uye kuumba dzakazara nezvikepe. Mugore pre-hondo nguva, Vachifuratira zvavakatemwa ne nyika muna 1918 omubatanidzwa kukamurwa, shipyard German zvisinei raparurwa iri gumi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura yomugungwa Kirasi (U-25, U-26, U-37, U-64, etc.). misha yavo pamusoro yakanga matani anenge 700. Maduku Ngarava dzepasi pemvura (matani 500) mune uwandu 24 zvidimbu. (Akaverenga U-44) pamwe 32 inokwana zviyero Tikapapfuura-kumahombekombe siyana zvaiva zvakafanana uye Kunoumbwa vachitsigira mumwe misha simba Krigsmarine. Vose vakanga vakazvigadzirira uta zviridzwa uye Avangard sepombi (kazhinji 4 uta uye shure 2).

Saka, pasinei nokuti zvinhu matanho akawanda, kubudikidza 1939, zvombo German Navy kwaisanganisira Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvikuru ano. Hondo Yenyika II pakarepo pashure kwayo zvaakakuratidza yakakwirira efficacy mukirasi iyi zvombo.

Kuedza musi Britain

Britain akatora nokurohwa yaHitler yokutanga hondo muchina. Zvinoshamisa zvakakwana, iyo Admiral umambo kupfuura zvikuru akaonga ngozi yacho battleships eGermany uye sevatsvaki vemapuranga. In zvakaitika yapfuura pamwero mukuru kurwisana, vaifunga kuti yepasi pemvura nhau achatungamirira pazera yakamanikana mumhenderekedzo yegungwa zviuno, uye kuonekwa kwavo hakuzovi zvakawanda dambudziko.

Zvisinei Zvakazoitika,, kuti German U-magwa Hondo Yenyika II aigona kuva chombo ngozi kudarika pamusoro rengarava. Kuedza kumisa munhu wengarava blockade kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo kwakakundikana. Pazuva muchikepe hondo yokutanga "Athenia" akanga torpedoed uye akanyura mutakuri ndege "Koreydzhes" September 17, ndege iyo British aitarisira kushandisa ive nzira aibudirira ASW. Block chiito "Bere packs it" Admiral Lucifer vaisagona kutarisira, vakaita zvikuru noushingi. October 14, 1939 yepasi pemvura U-47 vakapinda mvura Royal Navy mujinga pana Scapa Kuyerera, uye kubva panyika nzvimbo torpedoed yakasungirirwa yehondo "Royal Oak". Court akafa ose zuva.

Lucifer munondo nenhovo Britain

Pakazosvika 1940, vanhu vokuGermany vaibvumirwa kuenda pasi zvikepe Chirungu ane zvachose tonnage pakati matani anopfuura mamiriyoni maviri. Zvaiita kuti Britain harinzvengeki dambudziko. Kufarira nevanyori venhoroondo yaMakoronike vanozivisa nezvebasa vairidza Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Hondo Yenyika II. The firimu "The Battle of Atlantic" inotiudza kurwira kudzora fleets mugungwa mikuru, iyo akaenda kugoverwa anorwisana nyika. Musarwisana "dzinodzvinyirira" Lucifer aiva akaoma, asi ose rakaoma hwakazarawo sarudzo, uye rinowanikwa panguva ino. Kubudirira mune radar kuchaita kuziva kwete chete nemaziso, asiwo razero maonero, uye vari kure, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura German.

The Second World War akanga asati asvika Parainge danho, aiva April 1941, asi akanga akanyura nokuda yepasi pemvura U-110. Aiva wokupedzisira akapona vaya Hitler akatanga kurwa.

Chii chinonzi snorkel?

Kubva pakatanga Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vagadziri atakurukura embodiments siyana simba kupa simba chirimwa. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Hondo Yenyika II, rinosundwa ane electric motor, uye pamusoro penyika - a Diesel injini. The huru dambudziko mukuvhiringidza ndichengetedze pakavanda, aiva kudiwa dzinongobuda nenguva kuti recharge mabhatiri. Yakanga panguva kumanikidzwa nemafungiro aya nokuzivisa akazvitanga Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vari panjodzi, vaikwanisa kuona ndege uye radars. Kuti kuderedza ngozi iyi, izvozvo akazogadzira anonzi snorkel. It is extendable nepombi hurongwa kuburikidza nayo Diesel mupanda anopinda mumhepo mhepo inodiwa kuti combustion peturu uye anobvisa kuti chiutsi magasi.

Application snorkel Ngarava dzepasi pemvura yakabatsira kuderedza marwadzo, asi Kuwedzera vaiva radars uye nedzimwe nzira kuonekwa, akadai Akash.

Innovation vakasara vasina akavatarisa

Pasinei pachena zvazvakanakira, vakapakata snorkel chete German U-magwa Hondo Yenyika II. The Soviet Union nedzimwe nyika vakasiya izvozvo vasina akavatarisa kuvamba, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ezvinhu nokukwereta ruzivo dzaiva. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti wokutanga Dutch Vavaki vengarava akashandisa snorkel, asi tinoziva kuti muna 1925 yakafanana mano hwakagadzirwa rokuItari muchiuto injiniya Ferretti, asi zvino pfungwa iyi yakasiyiwa. Muna 1940, Netherlands akanga nechisimba Nazi Germany, asi ayo yepasi pemvura rengarava (4 inokwana zviyero) vaifanira kusiya muUK. Ikoko, zvakare, hatina kunzwisisa izvi, chokwadi, achida mudziyo. Snorkel namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, dzakurukurwa ngozi chaizvo uye mibvunzo utility mudziyo.

Other echimurenga hwokugadzira dambudziko Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vavaki havana kushandisa. Batteries akavandudzika midziyo kuti akavaraira, nani mhepo patsva hurongwa, asi pfungwa anoramba kuzochinja yepasi pemvura mudziyo.

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Hondo Yenyika II, Soviet Union

Photo magamba severomortsev Lunin, Marinesco, Starikov akadhindwa mapepanhau kwete chete Soviet, asiwo dzimwe. Vanoshanda mungarava dzepasi pegungwa vaiva magamba chaidzo. Mukuwedzera, anobudirira zvikuru vatungamiri Ngarava dzepasi pemvura eSoviet vakava pachavo vavengi Adolf Hitler, uye nani kuziva kwavo hakusi kuzvireva.

A rakakura muchinangwa pakurwa wengarava kuti aitambudza iri kuchamhembe mumakungwa uye Gungwa Black bheseni, airidza Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Soviet. Hondo Yenyika II yakatanga muna 1939, uye muna 1941, Nazi Germany yakarwisa USSR. Panguva iyoyo, pane yedu rengarava yepasi pemvura chombo yaiva pakubhadhara anoverengeka inokosha:

1. PL "Decembrists". Series (kunze rokuti mamwe zviyero zviviri - "Narodovolets uye" The Red ") nheyo muna 1931. Full misha - matani 980.
2. "L" dzinoti - "Leninist." Draft 1936 gore misha - matani 1400, ngarava vakapakata TAs matanhatu ammo torpedoes 12 uye 20 zvimbambaira gungwa, pfuti mbiri (nasal - 100 mm uye zvadzinofura - 45 mm).
3. "R-XIII» ngaatevedzane ine misha matani 1200.
4. A dzakatevedzana ", ni" ( "Pike") ane misha matani 580.
5. "C" yakatevedzana 780 m, ane nhanhatu-zvombo TA vaviri pfuti - 100 mm uye 45 mm.
6. "K" dzakatevedzana. Musha - 2200 t Kunotangwa muna 1938 godu yepasi pemvura, kukudziridza kumhanya 22 change (pamusoro chinzvimbo) uye 10 change (pasi pemvura chinzvimbo.). Boat Ocean kirasi. Six Avangard zvombo (6 TA nasal uye inosimbisa 4).
7. "M" dzinoti - "Baby". Musha - kubva 200 kusvika 250 M (zvichienderana nadzurudzo). Projects muna 1932 uye 1936, TA 2, kuzvionera - 2 weeks.

"Baby"

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "M" dzino ndivo kupfuura tsindirana U-magwa Hondo Yenyika II Soviet Union. The firimu "The Soviet Navy. Victory Chronicle "inotiudza inokudzwa gwara zvikwata zvakawanda nounyanzvi shandisa rakasiyana pakugadzirisa hunhu ngarava idzi, pamwe zvavo zviduku saizi. Dzimwe nguva vatungamiri akakwanisa chinyararire kuwana pedyo anodzivirirwa zvakanaka muvengi chawo uye ibva kutambudzwa. "Baby" inogona kuendeswa rails uye ichiyangarara muGungwa Black uye kuFar East.

On a ndima ine zvakanakira munhevedzano "M" aiva Chokwadi, nekuipira, asi pasina hapana midziyo iri kwakakwana: pfupi kuzvionera, torpedoes maviri chete pasina kudanda, wakatetepa uye richikunetesa ezvinhu basa chokuita vashoma taita. Zvinetso izvi havana chakatadzisa umhare vanoshanda mungarava dzepasi pegungwa kuhwina anoyevedza kukunda muvengi.

Munyika dzakasiyana,

Interesting rakawandisa umo Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Hondo Yenyika II vaiva basa navies kunyika dzakasiyana pamberi hondo. Muna 1939 guru rengarava Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vaiva USSR (200 hrs.), Akanga Anotsiviwa simba Italian yepasi pemvura rengarava (anopfuura zana zviyero), nzvimbo yechitatu maigara France (86 hrs.), The wechina - UK (69), wechishanu - Japan (65) uye wechitanhatu - Germany (57). Nokufamba hondo yakachinja pakuenzanisa simba, uye mazita ari inenge yabuda nekwekupedzesera (kunze nhamba Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Soviet). Kuwedzera akatura mumvura iri shipyards redu panhengo Soviet Navy uye kushanda mungarava yepasi pegungwa yakavakwa muEngland, rwakazokura chikamu reBaltic rengarava mushure accession pakati kuEstonia ( "Lembit", 1935).

pashure pehondo,

Hondo akafa pasi, mudenga, pamusoro pemvura uye pasi payo. Kwemakore akawanda, Soviet "Pike" uye "Baby" vakaramba kudzivirira musha nyika, uye ipapo zvaishandiswa yekudzidzisa wengarava Cadets zvikoro zvemauto. Vamwe vavo vakava zvivako uye mamiziyamu, vamwe vari nengura pamusoro makuva Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kare gumi pashure pehondo, akapotsa haana kubatanidzwa mune ruvengo kuti tichingotarisira kuitika munyika. Paiva Kurwisana vemo, dzimwe nguva yakatanga kuva hondo chakakomba, asi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzakanga vachirwa basa. Vari kuva zvepachivande, kutama chinyararire uye nokukurumidza, nemhaka mberi vakagamuchira renyukireya wefizikisi risingagumi kuzvionera.