Nhoroondo Kudhinda kana chii vanhu tega bepa

Kubvunza mibvunzo chii vanhu tega bepa, unofanira kufunga kudhinda nyaya yakatangwa kukura kunyora muIjipiti, Bhabhironi uye China. Izvi apo kuva nhatu huru kudhinda hurongwa.

MuIjipiti zviuru zvemakore akapfuura mifananidzo nhoroondo yezvakaitika pamusoro pamabwe mapiramidhi. Uyewo zviratidzo zvakanyorwa akawanikwa ari zvidhina matongo eBhabhironi. Ancient Maraibhurari vaiva chinyorwa ivhu pamapuranga, uye gare gare - pabwe uye ndarira kwamahwendefa.

Progress akanga kuwanikwa nhokwe sezvo mashoko kunyora, vanhu yeEgipita. Asi nokuda shoma kuparadzirwa nenhokwe, uyewo nematambudziko ayo gadzira, rudzi rutsva kunyora zvinhu - yematehwe, muri vafuke. Zvisinei, zvinhu izvi zvose hazvisi akakodzera Kudhinda mabhuku, zvaida nokuumba zvinhu zvitsva isingadhuri. Saka, pepa yagadzirwa munguva yemberi iri pedyo. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vane mibvunzo pamusoro hutsva bepa umo nyika.

In ngano zhinji muna 153 gore BC muna China tega mapepa. Hazvishamisi, nokuti nyika akakurumbira bhuku uchenjeri, saka nguva dzose ainzwa kudiwa isingadhuri mashoko kunyora. Yakatsvuka zvinhu nokuti waiva zvachose yemishenjere womuonde. The muvambi Tai Lun tenderize zvinoriumba aya milled uye kunoguma mukanyiwa aumba kubva machira, rinozivikanwa "shi route". Sezvo Chinese omuti nomutswi kuti kupatsanura fibers, kunoguma musanganiswa dzakadururwa kupinda dzacho guru, pasi iyo yakazara wakamanikana micheka yakatsemurwa sengere. Mushure mvura girazi, bepa machira aoma pamusoro sandara penyika ukatakata akwegura mamvemve uye sengere. Zvishoma Papera, pepa unhu hwakanaka nokuwedzera starch panguva yayo mukugadzira. Uyewo dzimwe nguva yakawedzerwa guruu uye siyana dzinongoitika madhayi.

Zvisinei, muzana remakore rapfuura iri kuchamhembe mapurovhinzi China yakawanikwa mubako muguva Baots apo mapepa anowanikwa chokuita II remakore BC. Masayendisiti, yaidzidza kwenguva refu, vamwe vanhu tega bepa, pakupedzisira vakawana mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu. Vakawana kuti bepa iri kubva hemp, uye sirika, iyo inogadzirwa kubva cocoons ose silkworms chakaremara. Maererano nedzimwe ngano Chinese vakadzi yakabikwa sirika cocoons makashambidzwa uye milled kusvikira kusvikira pulp rwaiwanikwa, pashure izvo zvichizoita machira aoma. bepa iri rinonzi "donje shinda", ukoshi hwayo yakakwirira zvakakwana, sezvo mbishi mashoko ayo kugadzira kwaidhura chaizvo.

Munguva Tai Lun bepa zvakatanga kujairwa zvinhu kwete chete nokuda kunyora asiwo vamwe zvinangwa zvakawanda. Zvisinei, paper Chinese vanhu vakanga chinokosha drawback - zvakanga vakasununguka, saka pendi, iro rinoshandiswa nayo kunyora, vachiparadzira, sezvazvakanyorwa kwazvo nyore kubvaruka.

Kuva ruzivo pamusoro chii vanhu tega bepa, unokwanisa kuona sei vakaparadzira mabikirwo ayo mukugadzira yose. Saka, mabikirwo kwayo gadzira   zvishoma nezvishoma zvakanga yakatamira West, vachiva rutivi tsika vemamwe marudzi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Chinese zvakaitika papermaking nzira muPersia, Arabia, Ijipiti, uye nyika idzi - mu Europe. Kutanga kubva XV remakore, kugadzirwa bepa anotanga kukura, asi zvakanga zvikuru chinyakare. Somuenzaniso, kushandiswa pakugadzira bepa gobvu, milled yematanda mallets manually muduri ine pajira riya pasi.

chiitiko chinokosha sezvo michina mapepa mu China chave kunyika uye nyika zvikuru, nokuti kokutanga munhoroondo yevanhu, vanhu makagamuchira iripo mashoko kunyora, iyo haisi yokutsiva kuti nhasi. Pari, Tai Lun runoonekwa kuva muvambi mukuru munhoroondo kwete chete China asiwo yose vanhu. Naizvozvo, kana paine mubvunzo pamusoro chii vanhu tega bepa, njodzi kutaura kuti ichi ndicho chikuru Chinese vanhu.