Kuziva akazvionera chii oprichnina

Izvozvo oprichnina, vose anoziva. Iri voruzhinji nomutemo muna 1565-1572 gore Russia: autocratic netsika yokutyisidzira, ipapo anodzokorora anenge ose dzoro nhoroondo (uye kwete chete muna Russia).

Uye nekuti zvava shoko imba. Oprichnina - ezvinhu mukati ezvinhu, kugara kwavo (kazhinji - bere) mitemo uye zvakananga oprichnik anogona kunzi chero mutumwa mapurisa epachivande, munyaya udzvanyiriri. The mudzi weshoko oprichnina mu kare - "OPRICH" - chaiwo, kunze. Somuenzaniso, ari oprichnina (chaiwo) chikamu nhaka, iyo anogamuchira chirikadzi.

Oprichnina nemigumisiro yayo

Mumakore okukura yeRussia (sezvakaita Empire), ari weropa ushe wokutanga Russian chevaux John IV (the Anotyisa) kuti vavanetse zvisingaperi wokuLivonia War, uye paiva yakadai "zvikara" pakati vavengi mamiriro, kufanana Sweden, Poland, Lithuania uye Krymskoe Hanstvo. Zvino vakasara nyika yakanga isina: mumuzinda the nguva yakura, vakaita kunyengera uye umhondi, uye vanhu vaneta nokuda kwemvura, nzara uye denda nezvedenda. Russia ndondo kumativi ose; kurutivi rwokumusoro nokumavirazuva akagomera vachirwisa Poles uye Lithuanians, yeSweden wakaparadza kumucheto Novgorod, kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba kweguta vakapisa mhuri Russian pakati Khan Giray - Kazan, Astrakhan, uye Crimean. The simba wamambo akanga asipo kupfuura izere: Boyar clique (the Duma uye panguva iyoyo yaiva huru administrative muviri) uye muchiuto uye enyika kwokubatana nyaya chete kwavo kubatsirwa pachavo uye kuti mambo haana kubvunza. Sezvaunoziva, Ivan anotyisa zviremera achiri akatora. Uyewo - kupfuura izere. Kuva mumwe kupfuura chinopenya mupfungwa nguva yedu, sowakajeka vakadzidza muminda zivo dzakawanda, zvinonzi, kupfuura zvose, simbisa pehurumende uye uchangamire wandei zvinhu. Mumakore 50 kwake, Russia yakawedzera ndima yayo nokuda 100%! Akakunda anenge hondo dzose. Yakasimbiswa wezvokutengeserana uye waishandiswa nehurumende ukama kunyange England. Chete kuBaltic vakatadza kuwana nzvimbo (nguva haisati yasvika). Zvisinei, nyika European zvave zvikuru pamusoro kutsungirira kuitwa izvi. Ndizvo zvakaita oprichnina. Vazhinji dzekare vanodavira kuti akanga iye uyo vakatsunga kubudirira makambani akawanda Ioanna Groznogo.

Asi, somugumisiro, Russia akava mupurisa mamiriro. Nyika yakanga izere chakasimba vanhu tomu ane vakafa imbwa uye womutsvairo, akasungirirawo kuti Chigaro kuti vasingarangwi kubirwa, vakatambudzwa, akauraya. Dzinoronga kwese, tichikanganwa zvakanaka zvinangwa oprichnina (kunyanya, ndiwo zvekare yose Russian munyika, kubviswa feudal kusabatana, pristrunenie rusununguko boyars avo usingatsananguriki outrages). Boyars dzakatorwa ruoko, hungu. Asi chii mutengo! The Varindi inotungamirwa John chaizvo aparadza nyika uye vakatambudzwa. Vanhuwo zvavo vakatiza Estates vakatambudzwa nevana uye neimba vanatenzi, nyika yakanga isina, pashure hondo huru. Mberi kwenguva refu nzara. Somugumisiro, mutemo wakatangwa "akadzivirirwa makore", umo kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma serfdom. Nokufamba kwenguva Varindi vakarasikirwa kutya uye hana wokupedzisira, simbe uye kukanganwa misimboti kuitira kuti mumwe hondo pamwe Khan Giray akangoti haana kuratidza kukwira. chiito Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka zvinotaura oprichnina. Asi sezvo mumwe chete chinangwa oprichnina Kwaiitirwa kwazvo (achisimbisa autocracy) - Get simba rizere John akabata oprichniki ake kuitira kuti kunyange vaidzvinyirirwa nemidzi Tver, Torzhok, Novgorod nemamwe maguta nemisha zvirokwazvo kwakatyisa.

Oprichnina somunhu chombo

Oprichnina kunge akava shongwe mberi nechepakati simba pamusoro reactionary boyars ake makaro, negakava uye zvakaipa kumutengesa zvose zviri zvitsvene.

Asi! Ichi - munondo kaviri rinocheka. Kurutivi rwechipiri chiri vaisandishora kuwana uye autocracy. A nzira kuzadzisa zvinangwa Kusvikira chete. Uye haasi munhu anokosha, ari kuchengetwa mananara akatungamirira oprichnina - mambo John, mudzvinyiriri Pinochet, Eurasian Youth Union uye zvimwe zvikuru mari. Innovation ndiwo oprichnina kana mashoko dzinoparadza, zvenyukireya kana - uye vanhu vari kufa vachiri (kanenge yakagozha kurwadziswa), makariita guta, muende yokukanganwa nyika anobuda utano. Oprichnina zvinosuruvarisa kusimbiswa panyika zvikuru zvakasimba kupfuura chigaro vatongi Russian. Uye kunyange zvakawanda urombo dzakawanda yedu, uyo akazvionera kuti oprichnina.