Nhoroondo yokunamata uye Knights. Nhoroondo uto kurongeka

The chidzoke emauto kuti anoreva nguva muHondo, iyo yakarongwa chechi yeKatorike kubva remakore rechipfumbamwe. Vaivavarira zvakanaka: kusunungurwa Palestine uye Mutsvene muhwiro muJerusarema, asi kupfuura dambudziko kubatwa kwete zvishoma; uye Changamire vaKaturike, uye Dzorudzidziso pachavo vaida munyika itsva uye pfuma maguta kuchiva okumabvazuva.

Education uto hurongwa

Apo Jerusarema nhare mapfumo panguva kungwara muna 1099, Papa akaropafadza kwezvisikwa chitsva masangano kuchengetedza nokudzivirira zvinhu zvose echiKristu uye pachavo nevapfuuri kubva omunharaunda Islamists. Base akanga asika - siyana nehama, uye iro akaumba zvemweya uye knightly mirairo Hospitallers, ivo Templars, uye nevamwe.

zvakanga zvakaoma kuwiriranisa maviri rinopikisa, maererano neMagwaro, zimukadzimu - Mwari basa uye basa rechiuto, apo vaifanira kuuraya pachavo mhando kwavo. Asi regumi namaviri remakore nhoroondo pakunamata uye Knights yakura uye yayo dzematongerwe, anoruramisa kwete chete zvisikwa, asi mararamiro crusading Knights.

mhiko tsvene

Knight, ari kuuya kurongeka, akava mumongi, kuunza mhiko urombo, kuteerera, dzakachena, uye intransigence kuti kururama vakauraya basa vaeni. Commoner, uyo akabatana Order, mauto akava mumongi. Zvisinei, vanhuwo zvavo, uye vari mudenderedzwa negandanga nguva dzose kunge vakabata pachake, yoga boka ravo. Vamwe mirairo vakagamuchira mumapoka avo, kunyange vakadzi.

Discipline aiva muchiuto, zvose akateerera musoro - Tenzi Grand, Grandmaster, izvo zvinogona chengeta mashoko chete kuna Pope. Vatongi, yaiva panyika uto murayiro (Templars uye munhu) kana musingadi kupinda ayo nemapoka hapana kodzero kuvhota, zvakatonyanya - murayiro, haana.

akanyatsorongwa

History mumudzimu-knightly kuitira rakanyorwa musi chaiwo pamatafura. From zvechitendero uye kubva mumwe knightly mirairo nguvo siyana uye pachake chata, izvo zvinofanira chasainwa Papa. Asi, akasiyana mamongi, Knights, mamongi pamisara kukura chaizvo, nokukurumidza kwazvo, sezvo zvinodiwa kugara hondo.

Knights kwete chete kubirwa maguta okumabvazuva, vakaputsa mirayiro vazhinji Kristu: nokukweretesa mari mhindu, hwokushandisa veko vaiita kwevaranda. Uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvikuru wakafuma. Knight Crusader repfumbamwe remakore rakanga rakasiyana ishamwari yayo regumi namatatu sezvo denga kubva pasi. Tinofanira kubvuma kuti, pashure wova, vazhinji Order mari inenge yashandiswa sayenzi.

Nhengo imwe neimwe Order yaiva imwe nzvimbo. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo zvinogona kuziva pamusoro mbatya (chete akatanga Chokwadi). Templars - chena jasi ine muchinjikwa mutsvuku, Hospitallers - nhema, Knights of Teutonic Order - mune chena ine muchinjikwa dema.

History mumudzimu-knightly kuitira chinoratidza kuti muchinjikwa anokosha vasonanidza hembe nzombe papa vaibvumirwa chete muna 1146, uye kwete kamwechete, asi chete chakanaka pakati Knights ropa. Nokufamba kwenguva, sezvo muHondo hunakidze ari coffers kwete chete murayiro, asiwo munhu Knights, mumwe umbozha kunyange nguo havana kuvaregesa kumirira.

Three chikuru Order

Asati pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu nhoroondo murayiro Knights panguva muHondo womudzimu anorondedzera zvishoma mibayiro anopfuura makumi maviri, vatatu vavo - akapfuma zvikuru, simba uye simba. Vakanga zvakadaro rakakura ezvinhu kuti vakanga godo raMambo. Heino inoshamisa nevatatu:

• hospitallers Order (ioannitov).
• Templar Order (Temberi).
• Teutonic (German) Order.

History mumudzimu-knightly kuti rakanyorwa kwete chete muna Holy Land. Dzorudzidziso vaiitawo muhondo munzvimbo dzese nyika yechiKristu. In Spain kutanga pokurwisa Knights Templar uye Hospitaller Order, uye Teutons idzo dzose Central uye Northern Europe. In Eastern Europe, uto mukurumbira wavo, zvisinei, uye dzakaguma (rangarira Peipus uye Aleksandra Nevskogo).

Nhoroondo yokunamata uye Knights Templar

Huru chirwere akabvumira arayira kutenga yakanakisisa nyika muEurope. Sezvo uchapupu simba Knights Templar Somuenzaniso, yakagadzirwa mari yayo, norusununguko akafamba yose Europe. The tumari zvakagadzirwa nesirivha nendarama, uye kwakanga vakawanda vavo kuti Templars rwunonzi alchemical matongo, akadai ari dzokubudisa ndarama kubva kuchii ...

Sangano iri rinogona kurarama kwenguva refu. Kare muna 1118, pfumbamwe French Knights inotungamirirwa Hugues of Payena uye Geoffroy of Saint-Ome vaidzivirira nomugwagwa kuJerusarema muGungwa reMediterranean mushure First Hondo. Chokutanga, Mapilgrim vechiKristu kubva makororo uye inodzivirira vanopaza. By King Baldwin weJerusarema, vakagamuchira imomo, zita vakazochinja akasvika pakunzi - Temple Castle, yakavakwa pamusoro nzvimbo Temberi yekare yaSoromoni. Order ichi mazita mashoma:

• Navi murombo Knights (kana hama) Jerusarema Temple (Soromoni kana tembere).
• Order of Templars.
• The Order of Knights Templar.

chata

Ndiani anoda kuti vabatane Order of Knights zvechokwadi vakanga vava mamongi - vanozvininipisa, murombo uye asina kuroorwa. Zvakanga, zvisinei, kubudirira chaizvo chirongwa. Nhoroondo yokunamata uye Knights rinoti kuti muromo wake aiva mumwe kupfuura zvichiwedzera uye zvakaoma, uye kwakasimbiswa vayo St. Bernard, mvumo chete - Pope Eugene III muna 1128, kureva, mushure gumi zvisina kuvapo.

The Order of Knights Templar aifanira kukanganwa zvinhu zvenyika, kusanganisira hama, kuti vadye chete zvokudya uye mvura, uye kupfeka rinonyanya nyore uye mafungu nguo. Aisagona kuva chero pfuma. Kana zvinhu ake pashure porufu rwake akawana goridhe kana sirivha, iri vakatsaurirwa nehwaro kumakuva, haana kudaro.

Zvisinei, izvi zvose hazvina kudzivisa Templars kuva nemakaro chaizvo migodhi, varaidzo, uye kunyange doro. Artistic mabasa zvakanyorwa pamusoro iyoyo, Somuenzaniso, yokufungidzira "Ivanhoe" Valtera Skotta, kuchengetedza chokwadi enhoroondo, iro rinowanika munhoroondo yaMakoronike.

Weboka kupinda makirasi uye decals

Estates pakati Templars vaiva. Izvi zvachose kwesangano chirongwa zvakanaka. Nhoroondo yokunamata uye Knights vakaramba mapoka matatu kwatiri: chaiwoiwo Knights, vapristi uye anonzi mapurisa izvo zvinosanganisira zvose rezasi kuhondo: mapeji, squires, masoja, varanda, varindi, uye zvichingodaro.

Tinofanira kubvuma kuti zvose izvi categorical weboka mhiko akatora zvose, uye mitemo zviri zvose zvakafanana immaculately aifanira kuita. Zvisinei, kunze kune mutemo wakanga zvakakwana.

Nokuti vose Knights Templar hazvo nguo chena, sezvinoita nguo, pamwechete masere rwakavakwa Maltese muchinjikwa mutsvuku. Mapurisa uyewo akapfeka mashava, muchinjikwa yaiva chete. Dzidza Templar munzira kunogona muhondo kudanidzira "Bosean!", Uye mureza - black ane michena uye Mashoko muchiLatin - "Kwete kwatiri, O Ishe" (shoko rechipfumbamwe ndima imwe zana uye pisarema nematatu okutanga).

Templar chiratidzo chaiva chiratidzo urombo: pariri ichifananidzwa Knights maviri rimwe bhiza. Kana knight zvaiitika ari kushingirira, ipapo akatakura muchinjikwa ari pachipfuva chake, uye kutsigira - iri kuseri. Style, akachekwa, ukuru uye zvinhu nguo, uyewo nzvimbo muchinjikwa kazhinji asarudza pachake.

National uye neboka chishongedzo

The Knights Templar kutanga apedze chete wokuFrance weimba huru. Papera chinguva, mukana uyu kuti vawane Chirungu. Asi Knights akava vokuSpain uye vokuItaly, uye Flemings. Knights chete aigona kufunga zveutungamiri - kubva Grand Tenzi uye Tenzi pfuma kuna Castellan, kapitulera, drapiera.

Mapurisa akazova vagari vakapfuma vakanga vakabata zvinzvimbo zvakanaka maakaundendi, squires, madzishe uye storekeepers. Avo vari varombo, akaenda kuvashandi, masoja kana kuchengeteka.

Mabhishopi eChechi yeRoma uye Papa pachake kugona kushandisa vapristi Order. Military sezvakarayirwa Templars akarayira kuti kwake nevapristi pakunamata, pasinei nokuti vose Knights kodzero yacho confessor. Confession uye Komuniyoni iri nhengo Order kuti chete kutumira ORDEN mupristi, nekuti vakawanda kurindwa wezvakavanzika, uye kubva yeRoma Katurike.

Pasinei kuzviomesera mitemo uye musasa yeupenyu Templar Order rwakakurumidza akakurumbira. Makore mashomanana gare gare Knights mapfumbamwe akabatana mamwe mazana matatu, kusanganisira vakawanda korona misoro. Kuwanda mapurisa Chokwadi, rakawedzera.

Where huni?

Kungova Order akapa zvose kuchengeteka uye augmentation wehurumende. Unogumbusa nhengo Order haana. "Mumwe vose" - the Mashoko, akaberekwa kure pakutanga Musketeers.

Akadanidzira wenhamo Order nokukurumidza akakura akapfuma. Uye kwete chete nokuti vatongi kazhinji ikazopiwa iye asingaverengeki pfuma. Yose misha, mataundi, machechi, nematende, dzemamongi, pamusoro kwenguva, kuti kuva Order. Ivo nokuzvininipisa akamupa mitero uye mitero. Chokwadi chokuti uto sezvakarayirwa Templars akanga achiparidza mhindu.

Harisi vaJudha uye Order of Knights Templar akasika rwezvemabhengi kwegadziriro Europe. KuMiddle Ages, vaJudha vakanga chete mumugwagwa vemari, uye Templars akanga atova mbiri hurongwa, zvikwereti, pachake mari. Ivo vakavhura kwete goridhe chete, asiwo kuchengetedzeka.

Akabva Cross

The Templars vaizivikanwa se mukuru mutengesi pamuchinjikwa nhau dzebhizimisi kwaKristu. Kwakadaro kwakanga, uye muna October 1240, apo Dhamasiko uye Ijipiti nevaMuslim vaikakavara, Hondo Tsvene akatora divi yeEgipita, pachibvumirano chibvumirano, uye kuwana pamusoro payo, Jerusarema kwete chete, asi panenge vose Palestine. Kuvhiya! The Templars zvakare, nokuda chibvumirano neDhamasko, akarwisa vaEgipita, pamwechete Teutonic Knights uye Hospitallers. Uye zvakanga zvakawanda utsinye kupfuura vaMuslim nevaJudha. Ropa asvika mabhiza mabvi ake, sezvo nhoroondo pakunamata uye knightly Order of Knights Templar. Kunyange vamwe vairwa muhondo dzemachechi vaisabvumirwa vavige vakafa vavo. Muna 1243 Muslim mubayiro uzere uye Templars vakatora Jerusarema shure, vachiridzira kurarama Teutons matatu chete, maviri nezvitanhatu matatu nevatatu Hospitaller Templar.

Uyezve makrusedhi vaiva vangani, uye ibudirire zvakadaro. Muna 1298 yokupedzisira Tenzi Mukuru ari Order vakava Zhak De nhuta. Pfungwa muHondo rabuda, ari raison d'être pakati mamongi nemauto vakava kujeka. Muna Teutonic Knights achine zvishoma basa - zana uye rimwe nehafu. Asi Templars akanga kusagadzikana kugara pfuma kumbobvira ndafungira, uye madzimambo. Temberi yokutanga yaiva nyika vaMuslim, uye uto sezvakarayirwa Templars akaisa chokugara muCyprus - imomo akavaka utiziro vaKristu, avo vakakwanisa kuenda kweParestina, asi kuti haana kutarisirwa mu Europe.

makororo

Karl Valua, munun'una Mambo Philip Fair, vakatanga hondo pamwe Byzantium. With chiKristu kurwisana Greek waiva nyore pane pamwe vaMuslim. The Templars, pane vachirwa Andronikasi, ngaafambe nemhenderekedzo muThrace uye Fesaloniki kuna muMoravia, uko kare akatonga yeRoma.

Extraction of Templars akanga akapfuma. Asi European madzimambo vakapanduka. Vanofarira kuva pedyo rehondo gumi zviuru varwi izvi, zvakanaka zvombo uye kurwa-vakaomesa, kuti chete nehasha, nemaune uye akanyepera vakakwanisa? Uye, chokwadi, makaro zvange: asi Templars vakanga naka, kusimba akapfuma.

Muna 1307 Firipi Fair chirevo kuti kusungwa vose Knights Templar munyika. Vasungwa youtsinye, akapisirwa padanda. yepfuma French zvakati yemwoyo. History mumudzimu-chivalric Order of Knights Templar apera.