Gold kuchera. Nzira zvegoridhe dzokubudisa. Gold kuchera manually

Gold kuchera akatanga kare. In yose munhoroondo yevanhu yakanga anogadzirwa vanenge 168,9 zviuru. Matani zvesimbi anokosha, anenge 50% izvo inopedzwa dzakasiyana-siyana zvishongo. Kana zvose mined goridhe kuunganidza panzvimbo imwe, vangadai vakaumba kuutio ane mumhu 5-storey imba, rine unopinza - 20 mamita.

"Golden History"

Gold - simbi, izvo vanhu pavakabhabhatidzwa kuzivana makore anenge 6500 apfuura. It vaiona mukuru pfuma inowanikwa Varna necropolis, riri kuBulgaria, uye yomusi zvinogadzirwa 4600 BC

Gold akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha munhoroondo yevanhu, achiri riri kuonekwa inzwi inivhesitimendi. Vakauya vakaenda mari, asi ichingori zvakasikwa mureza uye akatsiga kwezviuru zvemakore.

Pakuva simbi iyi yagara nomukurumbira. Inofungidzirwa uwandu hwendarama hakusi chete zvakanaka-vari kwaienderana pake, uye chinzvimbo munzanga. Ndizvo panguva ino.

Kuti goridhe Kazhinji mhosva yehondo uye mhosva, asi panguva imwe chete nayo akabatanidzwa guru basa mberi kwevanhu vakawanda. On hwaro ichi vakatanga kutora chimiro mari ezvinhu, akasika tsika uye mapurani ounyanzvi, izvo haatengwi uye zvichiri katyamadza vose. Nokuda chido pave simbi nemasayendisiti, vakawanda zvine maatomu akafanana zvakanga ndawana, nendarama nhokwe yakabatsira kuona uye kuongorora nyika itsva.

Sezvo mined nendarama Russia

In yokumusoro goko enyika inotungamirwa rine nendarama zviduku zvakawanda, asi minda izvi uye dzine zvizhinji. Russia iri 4th nzvimbo chepamusoro nokuda kwayo kugadzirwa uye ane 7% of yose mugove.

Industrial nzira akatanga kubudisa ndarama muna 1745. Yokutanga yangu yakavhurwa murimi mudiki Erofeem Markovym, uyo akaudza kwake kwaunenge. Gare gare yakasvika pakuzivikanwa se Berezovsky.

Nhasi muRussia kune 16 makambani kuti mined inokosha simbi. Mutungamiri ndiyo kambani "Polyus Gold", inova 1/5 ari mugove zvachose kugadzirwa musika. Kushingaira pamwe ainyanya mined simbi muna Magadan, Irkutsk uye Amur munzvimbo, Chukotka, Krasnoyarsk uye Khabarovsk nenharaunda.

Gold kuchera - mumwe muitiro yakaoma, nguva yakawanda uye zvinodhura. Deredzai izvi mari nokuvhara zvimbambaira maturo uye mari shoma. Kuderedza uwandu nokuongorora basa , uye kuunzwa michina mitsva kuti kuchengetedza guta - ndiko kubudirira chiyero.

Muitiro chokuwana goridhe

Chero bedzi emakore akapfuura, chicherwa kugadzirwa kwacho ari dzichichinja. Pakutanga zvakanga zvakakurumbira goridhe mugodhi manually. The miners akagamuchira yendarama jecha nekuvongwa nyore chinyakare namano. The tireyi basa remurwizi, uye ipapo zvakanzi runozununguswa mvura aibuda, jecha yasukwa kure, uye simbi tsanga kuramba uri pasi, sezvo ivo vari kwakanyanya. Nzira iyi rinowanzoshandiswa panguva ino.

Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chete kugadzirwa rikurumidze. Somuenzaniso, nezvake pamwe nzizi aigona kazhinji kuwana ndarama zvinokosha. Kanda navo panyika pamwe blurring auriferous mutsinga sezvingatarisirwa kunze. Zvisinei, pakazosvika zana remakore rechimakumi maviri vapfumi placers vasara, uye ndakadzidza dzokubvisa goridhe kubva esimbi.

Zvino goridhe kuchera ari kuita kashoma manually, zvichiitika zvachose michini, asi panguva imwe chete zvakaoma chaizvo. It anonzi Mari-inoshanda hwuripo chinoita imwe tani 3 magiramu zvendarama. Kana kugutsikana mairi 10 d vaiona akapfuma.

Nzira dzekufambisa kupora nendarama kubva esimbi

Kusvikira makore mashoma apfuura, rinowanzoshandiswa nzira dzakadai amalgamation, iyo inobva dzinokosha ehupfumi zviri nemekiyuri envelop goridhe. On pasi Upfu pakuiswa mekuri, ipapo chakazunguzirwa goridhe-erudzi mairi. Somugumisiro, kunyange zviduku zvacho goridhe kungoti kuitevedzera. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru nemekiyuri anosiiwa marara padombo, uye simba muchidziisa nendarama flake kure. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ine zvimwe zvainovhiringidzawo, sezvo nemekiyuri pachayo muchetura chaizvo. Panguva iyoyo rinopa goridhe huchiri kwete zvachose, nokuti zvachose tuduku tudonhwe anokosha simbi yakaoma kunyorovesa.

nzira yechipiri zvakawanda ano - goridhe riri leached pamwe yavaibvisa cyanide, iyo inokwanisa kunyange zviduku zvacho vari kuchinjwa mumvura-soluble cyanide akakura. Uye nechekare kubva kwavari Papera kushandisa reagents nendarama zvikaramba. nzira iyi unogona kuwana simbi hunokosha kunyange kubva vatosiya minda, izvo zvinoita kuti mari zvakare.

Kuwana musha goridhe

Gold kuchera zvinogoneka manually uye kumba. Kuti kusvina nayo, hapana chikonzero kuenda mumigodhi, uye maawa kuchazunungusa dzacho. Kune nzira dzakawanda runyararo uye yakabudirira. Around zvakawanda zvinhu ane goridhe. Somuenzaniso, akare dzokurinda Soviet kwavo tsvuku zviruva zvine chaiko wakachena anokosha simbi pasina tsvina.

Kuti asvike kubva ipapo, unongofanira kuva kutenga yokurinda chakadaro rakakura chaizvo yakawanda. Zvadaro vanoda epurasitiki Mugomo uye dhishi, yemagetsi chisvo mashizha, kupisa nemishonga regirazi muhari, bhurasho uye X / donje jira kuchenesa, rabha Magorovhosi Chipfeko uye vlagoraspylitel. Of mishonga vanoda nitric uye hydrochloric acid.

Processing kunotanga apo muchichengeta uchitova nyaya 300. The kwacho kunotora maawa 4 chete, apo iwe Unopedza 4 litres ose acid. Pazvivako zhinji saka unogona kuwana 75 magiramu nendarama yakaisvonaka.

Kuwana goridhe kushandisa etching nzira

Ndiani aizova pfungwa, asi zvakadaro, kunyange vana, zuva nezuva vari muhomwe uye muhomwe endarama. Zviri nyore - mumwe SIM kadhi kuti serura rine nhamba inokosha simbi. Inogona kubviswa ikoko. Izvi zvinoitwa nenzira mbiri: electrolysis, kana etching. Nokuti ekupedzisira vanoda makemikari reagent "aqua regia".

Nzira iri nyore vaiona etching, umo goridhe inotengwa kunokwana makemikari inertness zvinokosha simbi - kureva kugona wayo sei nevamwe zvinhu. Nokuti etching zvinoda oxidizer "aqua regia", yakaitwa kubva kuramba acids: hydrochloric, uye nitric. The mvura ane orenji-yellow ruvara.

Gold kubva mumvura

Gold kuchera zvinogoneka uye akabuda mumvura. Zvinonzi ririmo, uye chero: tsvina, zvomumvura, mvura, asi zvikuru diki zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, Marine riripo iri nhamba 4 MG por pub. Pasinei neizvi, kusvina zvichiri zvinobvira uchibatsirwa anokurumidza kwesuko, izvo chete zvinotora tani kuti 4,5 zviuru. Matani mvura.

Kuti vawane ndarama kubva mvura mugungwa vanofanira kusangana nayo mukaka kwesuko. Kwapera nguva nemvura kubudiswa shure mugungwa, uye nechekare kubva emadhaka dzokubvisa rinokosha simbi. Kirov mainjiniya kupa mumwe nenzira tsvina isina umo madota kuchatsiviwa nemadota kuti chafariz simba zvinomera. Nzira iri kuonekwa muduku kudhura vose anozivikanwa.

Golden utachiona

In Canada, masayendisiti kazhinji akawana utachiona kuti vanokwanisa kusunungura ndarama kubva siyana mhinduro. Amazing, handizvo here? Somuenzaniso, kuti utachiona ane Delftia acidovorans venhumbi chete allocates anokosha simbi kubva mhinduro. Uye chikonzero chiri nyore - zvinongokonzerwa kudzivirirwa, achidzivirira pachavo kubva ions goridhe, izvo chepfu kwaari. Chechipiri Utachiona Cupriavidus metallidurans, Ukuwo, zvitoro mukati pacharo.

Vose vaakawana 2006 mu "ndarama" rangu. Ongororo dzakaratidza vokuCanada kuti utachiona kuunganidza goridhe, chepfu zvinogona kudziviswa nokuda hunhu majini.

Draghi

Gold kuchera rinoitwa uye tichibatsirwa Drago. Dzinonzi zvinoyangarara migodhi michina, dziri dredging, chicherwa kubudiswa nezvimwewo ichipa nzwisisika Mechanisation okuwana kwacho. Ivo kuvandudza zvicherwa uye tsvina dombo kubviswa.

Chinangwa Drahov - zvikazara kuva chicherwa deposits uye dzokubvisa zvinokosha zvinoriumba (goridhe, Platinum, tini, etc.) Shandisa navo zvikurukuru pamusoro alluvial, talus, glubinno- uye kumahombekombe zvomumvura sediments uye alluvial deposits. The chete anosara kunze vari Valunistoye, dombo rakaoma uye Sticky nevhu.

mhando Drahov

Draghi rakakamurwa makirasi maviri.

1. Marine, naro deposits vari zvimbambaira kumahombekombe uye zvakadzama muna makungwa, uye nyanza. Vari akatasva ari keel towed kana self propelled midziyo, izvo zvinopa kushanda munguva dutu.
2. Continental, izvo anoshandiswa kukura deposits pamusoro mumakondinendi. Akatasva ari pram.

Draghi Classified maererano:

• muchibata simba, iyo yaishandiswa actuators;
• zvakadzama pakadzika matombo chikamu pazasi mvura chechetere;
• muchina wekare (yakawanda migomo vatyoka cheni chinoramba cheni, muhombe kunzwisisa, dragline bhakiti, tora mugomo);
• vanokwanisa pakati bhakiti (large-, medium- uye duku-misha);
• Achifambisa Nzira (waya-zvibatiso waya-murwi).

On mundima Russian Federation vava kushandisa dredge kuti kugadzirwa goridhe, kunyanya kuitika Far Eastern Federal District. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa nzira vakadaro vangava inokanganisa mararamiro, achiparadza nharaunda nzizi nharaunda doro yakasviba, riri nomurwizi.

Naizvozvo, nzira iyi unogona chete kushandiswa nokungwarira kuchengetwa pakukura muzvirongwa. Nokuti Implementation ravo zvinoda nyika reclamation, zvange chibharo migodhi kushandiswa, uyewo reforestation, ivhu uye zvinomera rwizi mumipata.

How kuti dredge nderendarama pachako

miners zhinji, nendarama ndeyangu, aizova yayo dredge, apo yekudyidzana tichengetedze mari sezvo mutengo zvokushandisa ichi zvakakwirira kwazvo. Panyaya iyi, nyore nzira yokuita nayo nemaoko ake pachake. Pasinei nokuti zvinhu zvichaita kutengwa chisingakoshi kwazvo, iwe uchiri kuda kusika imwe mari dredge.

Pakutanga, unofanira kuita mazita uye ungano chati iyi inogona kutorwa sechinhu muenzaniso yakakurumbira dredge kwazvo mukugadzirwa goridhe panguva. Pfungwa, chikuva rokutanga - muchidzidza, uchawedzerawo kuziva nezvazvo, nani, uye kuita nani pane avo.

Mamwe mashoko anokosha anogona kuwanika zvake kunorasirwa marara, uye kutenga vave pedyo pasina, dzakadai injini kuti muchina. Next unofanira kuona kukura dredge, rokudzora ndiko - chikuru uwandu ivhu zvinogona kurapwa, asi ayo uremu uye mutengo achava kupfuura kuti duku vakaungana chigadzirwa.

Zvakakosha kuvaka hosipaipi ane dhayamita pamusoro masendimita 12, kuti kukwanisa kubata dredge pachako. Chinonyanya Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri saizi - ndiwo masendimita 10 Kana uchida compressed mhepo, zvakakodzera kutenga imwe mhepo compressor, mitambo yomumvura midziyo uye mhepo Inlet tangi .. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kukosha wokutanga, zvinogona kuitwa kare ikako.

Kuti kuvaka zvandinenge midziyo, zvinoda: injini ine pombi, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (hacksaw, sando, chipanera, sikurudhiraivha). Hazvina kurwadzisa kutenga ndiri weredha. Unogona kutenga zvikamu / kushandiswa, asi vamwe kukosha uye dambudziko kana trudnozamenimye, zviri nani kunotenga itsva muchitoro.

Zvimwe mashoko ose dredge kazhinji zvisingabviri kuti nemaoko avo, saka vanofanira kutenga zvose zvakafanana: injini, mvura pombi, mhepo compressor, hosipaipi, rudopromyvochny mutserendende. Kuti wokupedzisira ndiye anokosha chikamu, pasina goridhe chete haina akabatwa ukuwo, kuvakwa yose midziyo anova maturo.

Bell dredge anofanira kuisa kukiya musoro kuti aaizoita dzemvura uye ivhu mariri. The kubvisa vharafu iri pombi anotora mvura (iyi ndiyo mumwe zvinokosha zvikamu). Kana wefodya nokuda jecha, pombi anogona kukurumidza kuputsa, saka hazvibviri dredge pasina vharafu.

Hydraulic erevheta riri pakuguma hosipaipi, mvura nechikoro kusvika pakutanga uye kuumba Vacuum. Zviri nani kushandisa kubvisa kamwene. Kudzora makuru dredges erevheta zvakaoma, saka shandisa zvikurukuru anoenda michina zviduku, kana basa kunoitika mumvura isina kudzika.

The buoyancy of mudziyo - a yoga chokutambudzika dredge. Onai kuti zvinokwanisika munzira dzakawanda. Pakutanga kushandiswa matai kubva nemarori, nokuyera shoma uye vane husingakoshi. The chete drawback ndechokuti kuti kwavari hakuna zvakadaro nyore sezvo zvingaita sokuti. Zvisinei, zvingava zvakanaka kuita.

Zvino, vagadziri vakawanda vari kushandisa dredges pontoons wakaumbwa epurasitiki. Vava yakavimbika, asiwo rinorema. Zvisinei, kunyange pano pane yakawanda zvokusarudza. Vamwe dredges, izvo aunganidzwa kumba, ane zvakasiyana-siyana epurasitiki pontoons. Imwe dzinonakidza nzira - kana kushandisa mapurasitiki midziyo kana emiti, vanokwanisa iro kusvika 40 litres. Unogona kutenga navo chaizvo cheaply. Kana musingadi nezveimwe kupedza mazakwatira, asi akagadzirira kuzotenga, ipapo zviri nyore kutenga kubva mugadziri.

Mamwe mashoko anokosha kuti kunokanganisa buoyancy, pamatanda anoonekwa. Kuti wanamatira injini uye rudopromyvochny mutserendende. Kana ukaita izvozvo pachako, iwe unogona kutora nyore aruminiyamu zvidimbu kuti zviri nyore kuwana chero landfill. Mutengo kunodiwa isingadhuri, anenge asina nesimba. ipapo kana iwe kuwana sandara puranga, chete vakatasva tai pamusoro rori.

Check dredge basa rinogona kuva pashure gungano rakwo. Kuti vaite izvi zvinoda mbiri gumi nevaviri zvidimbu zviduku mutobvu, izvo zvichienderana uye dzakapendwa namavara dzinopenya. The dziva riri dialed pasi, uye havana vanoiswa ikoko. Ndizvo chete pairi uye unogona kuedza kunze dredge. Ona vangani zvidimbu mutobvu raiva shure pashure Washing dombo. Chaiye mashandiro chete zvinoita dredge Nokurasikirwa 2 zvidimbu. Kana kutungamirira hakuna kukwana, unofanira kuongorora zvakare ungano yose Zano uye, kana zvakakodzera, ubudise mamwe kuvandudzika.

Plans ndarama kugadzira mune ramangwana

Vashoma anova deposits goridhe, svinudzai navo ikozvino zvikurukuru South Africa, apo vamwe yekudyidzana kwezvinoshandiswa, uye deposits vane yakaderera uye svikiro zviri anokosha simbi kukura nyore maturo.

Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti zvicherwa nezviwanikwa kuti zvinosanganisira goridhe, zvichiita vava nemakore 50. Ipapo kupera. Just nekuti vanhu mumakumi emakore achangopfuura iri kwazvo nendarama mugodhi. Uye anova zvakasikwa zviri zvishoma uye zvishoma. Zvino tinofanira kuwana mikana mitsva okuwana simbi kwemakore anouya. Nzira vaizotibata kupfuura anonzi ndarama leaching kwemichina.

Mumakore achangopfuura, zvakawanda nezvekuva kukura penyanza sechinhu imwezve nzira pakuchera goridhe. Offshore placer deposits mazhinji, asi pasi ichiri kwete aizvinzwisisa. Zvinogoneka kuti penyanza chakavanzika akawanda anokosha simbi deposits. Zvizvarwa edu achafanira kuwana.