Tselinnik - ndiani ichi? Makore Kugadzirwa mhandara nyika

Nikita Khrushchev muna 1953, dzichiri chirongwa, zvinoshamisa kuwedzera okurima kweShanduro Soviet Union kuitira kuderedza yokushomeka kwezvokudya kutambudza vanhu venyika. Zvisinei, iye anotarisira bedzi kuzadza zvakafanira zvinodiwa, asi anoedza kusapfuudza chokupika kunyika dzokuMadokero ari zvokuvakisa nezviyo zvirimwa.

Kuva yakananga urongwa kuvandudza kugadzirwa

Muna September wegore iroro kuenda Plenum of Central Committee, pamwe rubatsiro kupfuura asi Khrushchev pachake, navabatsiri maviri, akawanda Vapepeti "Chokwadi" uye mumwe agronomist, kuti tizive kuipa kurima dambudziko. Kwekutanga Georgy Malenkov akagamuchira kadhi kuti kuchinja kugadzirisa agrarian dambudziko munyika. Yaifanira kuderedza mitero uye kukurudzira munhu zvokurima nezviitiko.

Zvino Nikita Khrushchev akapa zano kuti akavimba kukura mhandara munyika iri Kazakhstan. mamiriyoni gumi nenhatu hectares enyika kare kukudziridzwa nyika raifanira wakarimwa uye kukudziridzwa. Nyika ino iri kurudyi kumahombekombe Volga River iri pamuganhu North Caucasus, Western Siberia uye Northern Kazakhstan.

Nokuti kana kukura munyika itsva

Kazakhstan mutungamiri webato Shayahmetov zvikuru underplayed kungaita kukohwa mhandara dzose. Haana kuda Kazakh nharaunda yaiva pasi Russian kuzvidzora. nhengo vaitungamirira vazhinji vebato, akadai Molotov, Malenkov uye Kaganovich, vaiva pamusoro pokumuka nenyika itsva, uye akaratidza kunaka dzinovaka. Celina zvinoda huru mubhizimisi, zano iri sevasina Mari-kunobudirira kubva inonzwisisika pfungwa maonero.

Asi Khrushchev akaomerera kuti guru yakawanda munyika itsva pasi kurimwa - iyi ndiyo chete nzira yokuwana kuwedzera goho munguva pfupi. A mhandara Landers - Ndivo vanhu ndiani achatungamirira nyika zvokurima kuvandudza.

Maturakiti mamiriyoni matatu zvemadhenari ushingi

Pane govera mari yomunharaunda miduku yokuruwa basa Khrushchev yakatanga nzira chaiyo kukwezva vashandi zvitsva nounyanzvi. Akatarira kushambadza ichi sechipo mugovanisi uchinzvera vechidiki Soviet. Campaign wakaitwa muzvikoro, pakati vadzidzi kuti kudzidza zvidzidzo uye mamwe masangano edzidzo. Uye wokutanga mhandara Landers - zviuru zana Koshanda vazvipira. Muzhizha 1954 vakaenda kunyika itsva.

Pashure pokukohwa wokutanga mukuru Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev vakawedzera kwokutanga zvinangwa, uye ikozvino kurima akapiwa kwete mamiriyoni 13 hectares nyika uye vanenge 30. Munguva nguva kubva 1954 kusvika 1958 (makore ndiko kukura mhandara nyika) nehurumende vakapedza mamiriyoni 30.7 rubles nekuda kurima itsva nyika.

Chii vakauya nyika yokukohwa mhandara

Kunopindirana wegejo kurima iri mhandara ivhu wakawedzera zviyo kugadzirwa uye kuderedza kwezvokudya ari hupfupi izwi. chihombe pamwero kwakadaro uye kutanga kubudirira mushandirapamwe vaifanira kutaura kukosha enhoroondo feat. Asi, zvakadaro, zvinokosha tsanga kugadzirwa kusiyana-siyana gore negore uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera goho haanzi wakarurama tariro pamusoro Nikita Khrushchev mukutsvaga ipfuure US umboo kuunganidza zvirimwa ne 1960.

By pakutanga 1955 200 zviuru nematarakita anofamba vakatumirwa mhandara munyika, akasika 425 ehurumende mapurazi, uye vanosvika mamiriyoni 30 hectares nyika dzaiva pasi kurimwa, izvo 20 waiiswa kukohwa. Nemhaka iyi nyika mhandara muKazakhstan kupembedza kuedza, zvachose tsanga kurimwa munyika gore rino raiva 60 muzana kupfuura goho zviyo nokuda nguva kubva 1949 kusvika 1953.

Mamiriro ekunze, kana kushamisika, dzakanga yapuwa mhandara. mufananidzo

Asi nekuda nzara, uye kazhinji kuwanikwa kumatunhu Kazakhstan, nzvimbo vakarima vatopiwa chete-chegumi kunowanzoitika huwandu kunayisa nokuda kwegore racho yokukohwa ikaurawa 35 muzana. Panguva iyoyo, Khrushchev akamanikidzwa kubvuma kururama kwemashoko vamwe anopikisa pfungwa maonero sei kukudziridza mhandara dzacho uye kana kuongorora nyika itsva zvavo. Asi, zvakadaro, iye akati kuti somugumisiro kwehurongwa vachabudirira uye achava dzosera mari.

1956 rakava anobudirira zvikuru chirimwa gore. Goho zviyo pamwe mhandara nyika yakawedzera 180 muzana tichienzanisa yapfuura avhareji tsika. Akurudzirwa kubudirira dzakabudirira uye rakatangwa plan, Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev kunyange vakatenderera zvimwe kumatunhu mhandara munyika, panguva iyo varimi vakanga kwakamutsa siyana mari mibayiro, zvipo, uye kufanana nemari.

Dambudziko huru, kana basa rokushaya

The nharaunda umo mhandara dzacho dzakanga ichiwanikwa, yaisanganisira kazhinji kubva vokumaruwa misha ine diki vanogara. Tselinnik - ava vaiva vanhu vakanga zvakananga vachera nokuda kukura munyika itsva. Kazhinji nemhaka murombo misha, nherera uye Koshanda iyi. Murombo magariro zvakamanikidza vashandi vakawanda atova mwedzi yokutanga pamwe uye kusiya isingagariki nharaunda.

Nokuda dzose kuenda kumwe yakaramba aiparadza yokushomeka manpower. Uyezve, nokuti kuti vanhu vakanga vachiuya muduku uye asina ruzivo, ivo vasina unyanzvi kushanda zvinobudirira sezvo nematarakita anofamba uye anobatanidza, uyewo mune dzimwe nzvimbo kugadzirwa. Panguva mhandara nyika 24 000 akasiyana vanachiremba takaendeswa kumatunhu Kazakhstan kuti pave munyika itsva, asi 14,000 vavo zvinenge pakarepo vakasiya basa nokuti murombo nderemagariro.

Kushaya midziyo uye kupembedza zvikamu

Ponesai uye nezvimwe zvinetso havaumbi akanaka ezvinhu kuti kukura okuwana, pasinei kuitwa Nikita Khrushchev ari chokuendesa mhandara nyika zvokurima michina. Sent anenge zvose kachangobudiswa Hardware kubva mafekitari Russian Zvisinei kushaya midziyo mu dzakabudirira mundima vachiri acutely akanzwa. Nenguva 1959 muKazakhstan zvose 218 hectares nyika chakaita kuti tarakita imwe chete.

The nyika asina kubereka uwandu michina zvakatora maererano kamwe kuwedzera nzvimbo kudzvarwa. Uyezve, dzimwe nzvimbo midziyo kuti zvaidiwa kuti nyore kugadzira, hwakagara wakareruka. Somugumisiro, vakawanda tarakita haina kushandiswa, uye nokuti havana zvakakwana kupembedza migove kubvisa zvokuvamba kukuvara.

Okunze uye ivhu unhu

Geja kurima hazvina kukodzera kurarama mu dzisinganayi munharaunda. A mhandara Nyika nharaunda akagamuchira chete 200 kusvika 350 millimeters inonaya pagore. Uye kazhinji, vakawira muna July uye August, kana zviyo chaibva, kana panguva yokukohwa. Kuoma akauya patsime, panguva apo wechiduku saibva Matavi ndivo vakawanda vanoda unyoro.

Uyezve, zvinomera nguva yakanga pfupi chaizvo. Mhepo yakasimba akaita kukurwa kwevhu, rinova dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza refu munyu kugutsikana. Ungangove, chikonzero nezvainoita zvishoma nezvishoma kuderera zviyo negoho ari mhandara munyika mushure 1959.

Mhando kushanda ezvinhu, kana aikwanisa vanhu Soviet

Vanhu vanenge akashanda zvakanaka munyika, kutanga kurima anenge kukodzera nharaunda - mhandara Landers. Photo vakabva nguva idzodzo vanoratidza kunyemwerera kwavo vachifara pamusoro mapikicha unogona kuona sei vari paakavapa kana mibayiro. Asi kana vashandi ava vanoziva kuti vazhinji vavo kuita asakara?

Pashure pezvose, pamberi kuziviswa Nikitoy Sergeevichem pamusoro wako chirongwa munyika kukura, pane zvishoma okuchengetera muKazakhstan kuti zvirimwa. Naizvozvo, kana kukohwa wokutanga, yakawanda akasiyiwa kuti kuora mumunda. Uyezve, kushaya okuchengetera nzvimbo akamanikidzira varimi kunokohwa nokukurumidza munguva yakakodzera ekunze.

Izvi zvakaita kuti chii raibva uye kuibva tsanga kazhinji hwakakanyiwa, uye izvi zvakakonzera yakakwirira mwando kugutsikana, uye sezvo migumisiro kuvadza zviyo. Kana kukohwa muKazakhstan neavhareji vanenge mamiriyoni 22 matani, kuchengetera vanokwanisa vanogona chete yamura 10. chete Kubva ichi chatingawana akakodzera mhedziso.

Ndivanaani vari mhandara Landers? Izvi, kupfuura zvose, vanhu vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa akapotsa akaedza kwete chete kuzadzisa zano zviyo kugadzirwa, vakatasva Nikitoy Sergeevichem Hruschevym, asi kunda, sezvo yaiva tsika panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. Uye, senguva dzose, vanhu veSoviet vakakwanisa kunyange chii pakutanga kuaona akatarira sokuti hazviiti uye incredible.