Midshipmen - hazvina chete vevatambi dzeboka firimu

Pashure nokubudiswa 1988 firimu kutungamirirwa Svetlana Druzhininoj "Naval Cadets, Forward!" Vakawanda kutendiswa kuti akanaka mashoko yokumwe iri rokuti, riri pamusoro zvakafanana kuti munhu musketeer. Kureva kuti, midshipmen - a achipinda jaya akanaka varume, vari kuramba achirwa neminondo, zvakanaka akatasva mabhiza avo kushingaira mubasa mumuzinda anonyengera sei nzira kare. Akapfura zvimwe mafirimu pamusoro kuenderera adventures bedzi akasimbisa maonero ichi. Asi shoko vanozvikudza iri rine nhoroondo yayo, iyo inoda hapana embellishment mauto zvenhoroondo shona ndebele.

Midshipmen - ndiani ichi?

Garde of Marine ( "zvahwaiita mugungwa kuchengeteka") - iri wengarava chinzvimbo, iyo kwairatidzwa muvambi Russian rengarava naPetro Mukuru kutsiva zita "Navigator" uye ivo akakweretwa kubva mutauro wokuFrance. Zvino 1716 mune zvidzidzo rokushandura, kurovedza ramangwana rengarava vatungamiriri Moscow School of akarongeka uye kufamba mugungwa Sciences, izvo aripo kwemakore anenge 15, kuguta guru idzva. In St. Petersburg, kwavo maererano kwairatidzwa Naval Academy.

In maonero Peter, musoro zvenguva yakanga: midshipmen avo vakabudirira vakadzidza zvakafanira dzidziso, asi nekuda nokushaya ruzivo anoshanda uye ruzivo vasina kugadzirira zvizere basa sezvo mukuru wengarava. Mazita paakavapa kuti vadzidzi Academy asati kusunungura navo zvikepe, apo vakagamuchira unyanzvi dzinoshanda seamanship uye murayiro vashandi vari wengarava zvikwata. Zvichienderana ukuru, vakanga rakakamurwa mukuru uye mudiki.

"In hondo - varwi vari kosi - vafambisi vechikepe '

State midshipmen wokutanga pane Russian nezvikepe wechiduku akanga akatsunga uwandu vanhu 300. Kupfeka rinokosha - yunifomu pakati ari Preobrazhensky chemazana chehondo, vakagamuchira tigutsikane akaenzana Verengai Kushivirira varwi vari Guard, izvo chinosiyanisa kubva zvavo vezvikepe. Asi basa ivo, maererano Charter, rinoshandiswa sezvo rezasi varayirwa, pamwe mabasa akafanana.

Kuremekedza kutsigirwa zvakadaro kubva vashandi pamisara zvakanga zvakaoma. Havana kugona kunzwisisa: Cadets - ndiani ichi? Vakaona muitiro zvomugungwa kubva pasi, drayat uriri uye vanokwira rechikepe, akaisa maseiri, pamwe zvavo vezvikepe. Panguva iyoyo vakanga vaifanira kudzidzisa zuva nezuva wengarava vakuru aidzidzisa zvakaitika, ngarava kurapa atirari moto uye muhondo Kurovedza aine musket. Vaifanira kugara kuitisa "magazini puteplavaniya", iro inoitwa richiona kwavo kunodzidziswa. Kana kushingaira pamusoro midshipman kuti basa uye kuti hunobatsira kurovedzwa varairi wakabudiswa "An achibvumirana advertising", iro raiva kubvuma kuti kuongorora muna warandi. Nemamwe mashoko, Cadets - kunonzi, kana hove kana shiri, uye chero havasi muedzo wokupedzisira, asingagoni kunzi munhu dzakazara wengarava mapurisa.

midshipman kambani

Pashure pokufa Petro anoita munhu kufarira brainchild - yokuRussia rengarava - akatanga zvishoma kusviba. Vava yakawanda uye gardemariny. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti vakanga akabatanidza kupinda rimwe boka panguva Naval Academy, uye kakawanda akabva St. Petersburg kuna Kronstadt uye musana. Winter Cadets kudzidza chikoro, chirimo tsika pa kumatare, asi kazhinji nemhaka vashoma warships pa zvengarava muDare vasiri akarayira vakuru (NCO) nzvimbo. Zvino midshipman akanga vakabvuma kuti bvunzo kuti warandi mukuru chinzvimbo kwete asingasviki 7 makore basa, asi pashure kupindira mishandirapamwe matatu, uye chete kana paine basa mupurisa wacho.

Muna 1752, ivo Naval Academy midshipman uye kambani vakanga aparadza uye vakava rutivi hwakagadzwa Marine kadheti Corps. Zvino, ramangwana wengarava mapurisa adzidza kwemakore matatu. Elizabethan Cadets - chinhu chokupedzisira gore vadzidzi, uye vaya vakapinda maviri okutanga, dzainzi Cadets. Gare gare pakuzivikanwa se midshipmen vadzidzi vose rinokosha - engineering, atirari, etc. - .. Marine mapoka. Combatant chinzvimbo midshipman yakanga yabviswa muna Navy.

wengarava mapurisa nokudzidziswa hurongwa nadzurudzo

Izvi zvakaramba kwerinenge remakore. Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore XIX varairwa Russian rengarava, zvakava pachena kuti akapiwa chinzvimbo mukuru jaya pakarepo pashure makore chikoro musoro. Chokutanga, pamusoro Black Sea Fleet muna Nikolaev, toga boka Cadets chakatangwa, uye achangobva akatanga combatant zita muna 1860. The ipapo Cadets - rudzi kudzokera kwakatangira naPetro. Chinangwa pokugadzwa avo Navy akanga kudiwa kupa vechidiki - vadzidzi Naval kadheti Corps uye Nikolaev midshipman kambani - pamutemo uye seamanship.

By kwayo chinzvimbo nezvikepe midshipmen hwaienzanirana hondo refutenendi. Ivo akapfeka mutenwa dzechisoja, uye akagamuchira mubhadharo rinokosha. Pashure pemakore maviri basa, uri dzinoenda nomurayiro, vakanga vakabvuma kuti inoshanda bvunzo panguva chinzvimbo warandi mukuru.

Zvakanga kusvikira 1882, apo musoro Cadets yakanga ndikadzokerazve vadzidzi mukuru mapoka Marine Corps, vakanga basa tsika dziri kure nzendo gungwa pamusoro rinokosha purangazve. Pamugumo vadzidzi vake vakapfuura wokupedzisira uye kuva midshipmen. Naizvozvo midshipman rokuremekedza akapiwa uye vadzidzi yechipiri uye anokosha makosi pamwe chivakashure "muduku".

Muna 1906, pashure wokuRussia kukundwa muhondo pamwe Japan, rakananga basa rokuti vaduku vadzidzi vakachinja kusunungurwa kwavo vakapinda Navy ave midshipman, uye-gore rimwe yokumwe kuenda zvikepe zvavo muhondo. Gore muGungwa reMediterranean, kusiya zvikuru akarigadzirira kurovedza yokuzviparadzanisa zvikepe anoverengeka. Kuongorora kuti mudiki wengarava mukuru akauya pakudzoka kwake achibva mushandirapamwe uyu.

Munguva Soviet, pachinzvimbo chevatatu midshipman yakaguma.

The ezvinhu aripo

Yanhasi Cadets - chii? Kakawanda, vanonzi vadzidzi unyanzvi masangano yedzidzo akadai guru First Marine kadheti yevanogara chikoro kana vadzidzi Nakhimov Naval School. Asi zvinoitika nani dzinozivikanwa uye kurongwa.

Handizvo kare kwaiva mishumo achigadzirira kupfura inotevera rakazotevera kuti dzeboka firimu, saka unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti shoko unozvikudza ichi achararama mumutauro wedu, uye zvakawanda.