Chii chiri seri divi mwedzi? Chii pamapani iri seri mwedzi? Chii chiri kurutivi rwegungwa mwedzi?

Mune chimwe namazana mapfumbamwe namakumi mashanu namapfumbamwe rokubata Union of Soviet Socialist Republics kokutanga munyika kuratidza vanhu kuti uri seri mwedzi. Mifananidzo yakatorwa pamwe otomatiki interplanetary yemapurisa "Luna-3» (Lunik-3). In airless nzvimbo chitundumusere-musere raparurwa 4 October achibatsirwa mutakuri chitundumuseremusere "Vostok-L."

Yambiro! Hats!

mifananidzo Unique AMC "akatumwa" panguva yechitatu mangwanani October 7, 1959. Kugamuchira chiratidzo anobudiswa Simeiz Observatory (zvino kuparadzana Crimean Astrophysical Observatory). Mhando "divi chisingaoneki mwedzi", akatamisira pasi, akafukidza daro 483 000? Km.

Kutarisa Blurred mifananidzo, vakawanda vakashamiswa "panzvimbo": chiri pamusoro kurutivi mwedzi? Hongu, mufananidzo unhu ari murombo, asi ivo vave mined! USSR Research Mutungamiri vakagamuchira kodzero kuzodana rakazaruka pamusoro pemvura pedyo Satellite zvivako.

Nyika yose vanoziva chii gungwa iri seri mwedzi - Moscow. Part izvozvo, jutting yakadzika kunyika, akadana Gulf muchadenga kunoongorora. The mwena anenge 60 (makiromita 96.5 km) kwaari raiva zita Professor Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, piyona ane cosmonautics, uyo akafa muna 1935. Ridge pedyo neequator muchizvikudza wakaridza sezvinoita Soviet. Dark nzvimbo pedyo nomuganhu zvinoonekwa nezvisingaonekwi zvikamu Moon waiva Gungwa Dreams. sere zvikuru siyana zvave kuzivikanwa.

The hama zvakafanana

Sachigaro Astronomical Council of Academy of Sciences, Professor Alexander Mikhailov (1888-1983), achitaura pamusoro Radio Moscow, akati hama zvakafanana rutivi kure mwedzi. Iye akataura kuti nyanzvi uye Vanodzidza vane kutsanangura Chiitiko, izvo, pasina mubvunzo, nokuda kumubvunzo kwakabva womudenga kwakaita nzvimbo yacho.

Vanosvika 6 kusvika 7 October Camera otomatiki interplanetary chiteshi "Luna-3" akaita 29 mifananidzo. midziyo All, kusanganisira video, vakamboshanda kudzorwa anonongedzera kubva Earth, uye pamwe nerubatsiro onboard mano. kupfura nguva vakasarudzwa maererano zuva nzvimbo. Agadzirira pikicha nhungirwa AMC riri pakati echokuvhenekesa, Moon. Zvino ndakakwanisa kubvisa 70 muzana kuvanzika ndima kwevanhu.

Asati nokunoitwa maviri kanda: asi kwomwedzi "Luna-1" nendege kare uye vanyangarika mukati noruvazhe. "Luna 2" akawira penyika "Mambokadzi Night." With nhepfenyuro idzi kunyanya kunzwisisa maumbirwo kwakashanda mabasa akadai goho mano kuti interplanetary muchadenga, nzira tiine redhiyo, uye zvichingodaro. D. Zvose zvakaitwa kuti kuzvishandisa aigona kuudza vanhu nechivimbo kuti uri seri Moon.

Secrets chakaziviswa

"Luna-3" ainyanya idzva design: zvokushandisa mano zvevhiki zvino, zvichida, aizonzi "Glonass hurongwa"; AMC akashanda ari kwezuva aenzana. Kanda musi akanga yakarongwa kuti iitike kuyeukwa kutiza rokutanga chakagadzirwa Earth Satellite akasunungurwa kupinda muchadenga October 4, 1957. Paiva chimurenga chaicho muchadenga ubanguranyika akaita nyika guru USSR.

"Dzidzisa" iri Satellite parumananzombe riri seri mwedzi, Photo vatsvakurudzi vaida kuwana zvidimbu anopfuura 29. Zviya, akasiyana nzira kutora mifananidzo yetumedu chifananidzo, kunyange asina chaizvo high quality, kunogona kuwanikwa chete kubva kamera pamwe spotlighting. Kutumira dzinotevedzana "Portraits" unokosha rokutanga, ravarwi pakarepo kurega nekufambisa mashoko.

Izvi zvakanga zvichida nokuti panguva nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko, ivo mabhatiri vakafa (kana pamwe maiva kudhumhana ine meteorite?). Zvichida, asi chikwata akapisirwa mumhepo muchirimo 1960 (asi aigona uye kurarama kusvikira 1962). Zvisinei, chakavanzika yave kugadziriswa.

orwiyo kutenderera

Nei nyika zvinoonekwa kubva Earth anogara kudivi rimwe chete? Nokuda kwaizvozvi, hazvibviri kuziva zviri seri mwedzi! Chikonzero iri yokuti Selena anoita pairi ichitenderera Earth munguva imwe chete panguva iyo Earth Anovhura ayo akabatana. Axial uye orbital kutenderera mazuva 27.3. Traffic yaunonyanya kushandisa yakaitika anenge mabhiriyoni 4 apfuura.

Kana mashoko okuti "rima divi mwedzi", zviri akaumbwa (asingaoneki, saka zvakawanda zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa). Kutaura zvazviri, behind "muvakidzani kudanana" wedu kubva kumativi ose zvakaenzana. Zvakanga vaimbofunga kuti synchronism kutenderera Nyika Nomwedzi - rakasiyana nemamwe chinoshamisa.

Zvidzidzo Recent vakaratidza kuti zvinenge zvose zvikuru satellites pakati mapuraneti vari kutendeukira saizvozvi. Vari yakanyorerwa yake "vemba" rimwe divi. Izvi zvinoratidza mapatani maitiro yezvakaita nevakariri pakukura yomurayiro simba pazvakasikwa zvose. kukanganisa kwavo kunogona nezvimwewo nemigumisiro.

Moray shoma

Divi Moon, hakuna? The gungwa! Vazhinji vaifunga kuti nzira. Mushure vose, vanhu chinooneka chikamu "jeko" avo regai kuverenga! Havamboendi kutarisa pasi - iri guru rekare dhaka Rwako. On the pafiripi divi ivo duku zvikuru, kunyange zvazvo zvingava sokuti, nzvimbo inofanira kuwedzera pamusoro pepasi yepasi, sokunge belting nayo (Franz dzidziso).

Uyezve, akazarura muna 1959 mu Sea Moscow (ravanhu mundima Moscow Region) uye zviroto chaizvo nomwero kukura. Vaongorori vakashamiswa: Ko vaiongorora vemapato zvakadaro zvakasiyana? Sei?

Kuti tiwane mhinduro, vaida zvikuru kudzidza zvakadzama. Research akaramba muna 1965. Station "vachiongorora 3" akaenda womudenga pamusoro. "Ziso" Its otomatiki aionga kwete kare akafukidza nzvimbo, zvakafanana 30 muzana. The asymmetry vemapato kwazvo nekusimbiswa.

Mountains uye craters zhinji

Saka, musi "chiso" pakati Selena vakatonga gungwa, uye kuti ari seri mwedzi? Pane ari hunodzorwa nemakomo uye craters. Dissimilarity vamwe kutsanangura dzidziso nomwedzi maviri, uye rugare coexistence izvo dzakaguma kuva zvishoma bumped kuva guru rimwe.

Pashure maviri Integrated Photographic kubudiswa divi mwedzi filming akasimbisa kuti chepanyika chiedza nharaunda "sezvikamu" (ivo - nezasi makondinendi) kunozvifumbira overleaf. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane yunifomu Continental nhoo. Sea - imwe fuma mukati makondinendi, achizadza zvakadzamisisa dzegirini uye zvakadzama goko mwedzi.

Vodzokera illuminance zvakavanzika zvakasikwa - Selena, zvinokosha kuziva kuti pane nooks apo nguva dzose rima. Somuenzaniso, zvakadai zvakadzama craters kuti chiedza chezuva haana kusvika kwavo pasi. Zvinogoneka kuti murima nokusingaperi pamusaka hombe deposits echando kuti vanhu vaigona semhosva NC (zvashata zvitengeswa).

making Observatory

Zvinogoneka kuti dzinongoitika midziyo inogona kuchengetwa mhepo wedzerai uye chitundumuseremusere mafuta. The divi kure Romwedzi wagara kudzivirirwa kubva redhiyo mafungu paNyika - yakanaka kwazvo nzvimbo nokuda radiosensitive Observatory kuongorora vaiongororwa craters.

Asi mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti pamusoro zviri nebani parutivi mwedzi? South West! Saka, mune dzimwe mabhuku mwena dziva South Pole - Aitken. Zvikuru zvinoshamisa mukombe serin'i mwoyo pemvura Selene - the mwena Aitken, sokunge seri. It ane hwakanyatsorwisa sandara pasi, takapoteredzwa serin'i kumutswa mugodhi. The chinhu Anotambanudza 2250 makiromita udzamu munzvimbo dzakasiyana 8-16 makiromita.

Maererano yokutanga Soviet Union muna nezita womudenga nomunzvimbo dzine siyana, nyika huru vakasara ndangariro Zvizvarwa earthlings dzinotevera mazita: craters: Kurchatov, Mendeleev, Popov, Sklodowska-Curie, Gagarin, Korolev, etc. Zvakanaka, Moscow Sea Dreams ..