Kurira Vhoriyamu: dzakasiyana hope muenzaniso uye decibels

Sound mafungu impacting pamusoro dzevanhu eardrum, kukonzera nokufamba ari bvudzi. The amplitude of inzwi vibrations chokuita vakanzwisisa loudness mafungu zvakananga - chii, ruzha vhoriyamu achapiwa akanzwa kusimbaradzwa. Izvi, Chokwadi, nyore kwazvo. Asi pfungwa iri!

Omumwe chete inzwi kusimba mumwe munhu achava dzavo. Saka, zviri kunaka nharo kuti vhoriyamu - kuzviitira ukoshi. Uyezve, parameter ichi zvinoenderana kakawanda uye amplitude inzwi vibrations uye kumanikidzwa mafungu. In inzwi vhoriyamu zvinokonzerwa zvinhu zvakadai nguva yose oscillations, avo localization iri nzvimbo, uye timbre spectral kugutsikana.

Volume Unit anonzi hope (Mwanakomana). 1 kurota rinoenderana anenge kuti bhuku muted kukurukura uye bhuku injini yacho ndege ndiyo 264 Sonam. By tsanangudzo, zvakaenzana imwe hope matauriro vhoriyamu yevanhu 1000 uye pamwero 40 db. Simba inzwi, chinoratidzwa vaNoa ane nzira:

J = K * I ^1/3, pano

k - ari coefficient kakawanda-zvaanoda, i - umbirimi nokufamba.

Nokuti kuti oscillations nedzimwe kurira nevezera (kusimba kwayo yakasiyana) pamusoro frequencies siyana vangava zvakafanana okuteerera vhoriyamu, chikwata yakadaro rinoshandiswawo kuyera simba raro rive kumashure (phon). F 1 akaenzana musiyano cheBhuku yomuropa 2 rinonzwika pamwe chete kakawanda, nokuti izvo chete Vhoriyamu inzwi kakawanda kubva 1000 Hz achizosiyana maererano kufurirwa pamwero (kusimba) 1 db.

In tsika, kuti zvakanyatsonanga kana kuenzanisa vhoriyamu, dzinowanzotaura decibels - rinobva chairema kwaedza. Izvi imhaka yokuti kuwedzera kusimba inzwi haisi mune Linear ukama kuti kusimba mafungu, apo mune theorem. 1 Zerubhabheri = zvakapetwa kagumi kuchinja musimba oscillation amplitude. Chinhu rakanaka guru mumwe. Naizvozvo, nokuti kukarukureta uchishandisa chikamu wake chegumi - decibels.

Day womunhu nzeve anogona kunzwa ruzha Vhoriyamu 10 decibels uye pamusoro. Zvinonzi ichaongororwa kuti kufadza-siyana frequencies zvose iripo munhu 000 ndiyo 20-20 Hz. Zvinonzi vakacherechedza kuti kushanduka zera. Muuduku yakanakisisa anzwike chinozunguzirwa anosvikirwa maitikiro (anenge 3 kHz) vakura - kakawanda 2 3 kHz, uye pakukwegura - inzwi 1 kHz. Sound mafungu vane amplitude kusvika 3.1 KHz (kilohertz yokutanga) kunosanganisira munzvimbo wezvokukurukurirana. Ivo zvinoshandiswa nhepfenyuro uye DV- SW zvisungo, uyewo dzeserura.

Kana kakawanda dererei pane 16-20 Hz, ipapo ruzha hwakadaro seva infrasound, asi kana zviri kupfuura 20 kHz - Ultrasound. Infrasound pamwe 5-10 Hz oscillations anogona kukonzera resonance pamwe vibration pakati zvomukati voita uropi uye kuwedzera dzava mune mapfundo mapfupa. Asi Ultrasound zvinowanzodavirwa inoshandiswa mukurapa. Uyewo nayo dzinga tumbuyu (midges, umhutu), mhuka (semuenzaniso, imbwa), shiri kubva airfields.

Kuti uzive bhuku inzwi kana ruzha, shandisa chaiyo mudziyo - kuyera ruzha revarombo. Zvinobatsira kuziva kuti haapfuuri kufadza bvumidzwa inzwi vibrations mari iyo hazvichakoshi ngozi kuvanhu. Kana munhu apindwa-refu chinozunguzirwa pamwe pamwero mukuru 80-90 db, zvinogona kukonzera kwakakwana kana kukwana atadze kunzwa. Izvi zvingaitikawo mune pathological kusagadzikana pakati huta uye zvemwoyo nehurongwa. Rakachengeteka vhoriyamu ndeyevanyori 35 db. Saka regai kuteerera mimhanzi pamahedhifoni panguva zvizere vhoriyamu yokunzwa kuchengetedza. Kuva pane ruzha zvikuru mamiriro, unogona kushandisa earplugs.