Ichi chisinganzwisisike uye malopoznannoe Vacuum

Air - musanganiswa magasi, kunyanya senitrogen (78%) uye okisijeni O ₂ (21%). The chikuru mhepo wedzerai (80%) iri yepazasi rukoko zvomumhepo - iri troposphere. The troposphere iri nehasha nourefu anosvika 15 km kubva pepasi. Zvayaiva pamusoro okumusoro akaturikidzana zvomumhepo apo mhepo saka rarefied kuti havana kukodzera kuti upenyu uye vanonzi "vacuüm".

Suo muchadenga

Pamusoro troposphere kuti anenge makiromita 60 nokukwirira chihombe Vacuum kunosvika kumusoro pepasi. Izvi - the stratosphere. rukoko urwu anonzi "predkosmos" kana "musuo nzvimbo." The chikuru Pakanzi iri kwayo zvishoma nezvishoma vosimba vertically tembiricha. Kubva kubvisa 60 ° ^C pagungano kukwira pamusoro 15-20? Km kubva panyika kusvika + 2 ^{° C,} ukuwo, panguva yakakwirira stratosphere ari kukwirira 55-60? Km.

The stratosphere - nemishonga rukoko zvomumhepo, iyo hakuna convection mhepo.

Water mhute mu rukoko urwu kushanda haazovipo. Asi pane imwe kukwira anenge 25 km dzimwe nguva achengeta vanonzi "parera" makore. kudzidza nekunzwisisa yezvakaita mavambo inoitwa nemasayendisiti rose.

The ozone rukoko - chipingamupinyi

An chinokosha kuwanikwa aiva stratospheric ozone layer zvinosanganisira chaiwo samolecular okisijeni O _3. rukoko urwu ane Ukobvu 2-3 neMM, asi ane unokosha chaizvo basa rokudzivirira Pasi uye vanorarama kubva zvinokonzerwa ultraviolet rezuva mwaranzi. By kudzidza ehupfumi ari ozone nhoo, masayendisiti akawana kuti rinogona kuparadza freon gasi, kamwe kushandiswa zvikuru munyika indasitiri. Pari kushandiswa Freon rakarambidzwa munyika kubva pakaparadzwa ozone rukoko vaizongoguma kutungamirira kurufu zvose upenyu Panyika.

nzvimbo yakazaruka dzezvimwe

Kunze pasi muchadenga dzisingaperi Vacuum kunotanga. nzvimbo iyi. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti zvose zvakasikwa rinoumbwa remapoka enyeredzi mazhinji. Mumwe renyeredzi ane yayo marongerwo. Humanity upenyu mune renyeredzi rinonzi Solar System randinogara rine nyeredzi - zuva - uye mapuraneti wokurarama yakapoteredza.

Masayendisiti kusiyanisa Pfungwa dzakadai se "pedyo" uye "kure" nzvimbo.

Near nzvimbo zvinhu vari renzou. It Mapuraneti vavo satellites, mwedzi, meteorites, asteroids, comets. Deep nzvimbo zvinhu dziri kunze renzou. Ndivo nyeredzi, mapoka enyeredzi, nebulae, makomba matema. kure yavo rinowanikwa mumakore chiedza.

Airless nzvimbo. Nematambudziko pakudzidza

The huru kuoma iri kudzidza stratosphere ndechokuti mhepo rarefied chaizvo panguva yakadaro yakakwirira. Munhu haagoni kurarama pano pasina rinokosha sutu. Kunze kushaya okisijeni kufema yakaderera chaizvo mumhepo vachimanikidzwa kunotungamirira chokuti vanhu ropa inotanga kubika. Sezvingatarisirwa, zviri kuchipesana upenyu. Naizvozvo stratosphere kudzidza akatanga tichishandisa yapfuura - iri 30s remakore rechi20, apo yagadzirwa anonzi stratospheric chibharuma. Kokutanga pamusoro stratospheric chibharuma kuti kukwira pamusoro 16 km kumusoro Swiss O. Picard uye P. Kipfer. 3 Makore gare gare, muna 1934, vashandi Soviet vapinda stratosphere. Zvinosuruvarisa, rwendo urwu dzesayenzi hwakaguma zvinosuruvarisa - yose vashandi akaurayiwa.

Kana stratosphere kudzidza nesimba, kudzidza nzvimbo - zvose kusimba yakaoma, zvikuru dzinodhura, uye kazhinji hazviiti, Panguva iyi dzesayenzi pakukura kwacho.

Yokutsvakurudza Zvivako "pedyo" nzvimbo akashandisa chitundumusere-musere uye interplanetary Yatanga Kuongorora. Man asi akapa nzira michina iri zvakananga kudzidza pezvakasikwa, sezvo nzvimbo iyi ngozi chaizvo.

Kudzidza anoramba "refu" nzvimbo kwenguva refu sezvinobvira chete dzidziso.

Anthropological kushandiswa airless nzvimbo

Vacuum - nzvimbo, zvachose wasunungurwa namarudzi nyaya, kusanganisira kubva mumhepo, kureva asiwo Vacuum ... The rairema uye chiedza maindasitiri, mushonga, kuvakwa zvikuru kushandiswa Vacuum namano. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, ndiko rinozivikanwa vacuum. Get Mhedziso anoshaiwa iri kusimba chakaoma, uye masayendisiti munzira kuenda chinangwa ichi. A mukuru zvechokwadi Vacuum chiripo chete muchadenga.

Stratosphere - nzvimbo yakanaka vezvikepe zvechiuto. Anoshongwa saka yakakwirira haana kubhururuka, uye Ndege kana ushori ichibhururuka michina dzinenge invulnerable kuti mhepo azvidzivirire. On the "pauriri chechipiri" zvomumhepo nezvekutanga unmanned Balloons, izvo kubatsira meteorologists mamiriro okunze zvakarurama sezvingakwanisika.

Airless nzvimbo inonzi nzvimbo inoshandiswa vomurova satellites, izvo zvinopa anobatanidza kunyika, kubatsira vari kutsvaka chicherwa pfuma, vakapiwa Zvaifungidzirwa nezvedambudziko madutu, madutu uye madutu kubatsira kudzivirira kwemvura uye nemafashamo.

Kudzidza nzvimbo yave zvikuru achinja dzimwe kumiririrwa masayendisiti panyaya.

Uyezve, kudzidza nzvimbo chinokurudzira magumo kuziva kwevanhu, chido 'tarisa panze nepahwindo, "kuziva husinganzwisisiki.