Space - nayo .. Concept uye mhando nzvimbo

Chii nzvimbo? Ane chero miganhu? Chii sayenzi inogona kupa mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi zvakanaka? With ichi tikaedza kunzwisisa nyaya ino.

kwouzivi pfungwa

Asati apa hunhu nzvimbo, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti ichi izwi iri handivo. Pfungwa nzvimbo iri masvomhu, wefizikisi, jogirafi, uzivi, chitendero , uye renyaya. anoranga zvakasiyana kuinzwisisa nenzira dzakasiyana uye kuwana kududzira dzavo, zvichienderana mabasa. Kupfuura nyore uye zvisingakoshi tsanangudzo ndiyo zvinotevera: nzvimbo - nzvimbo umo chinhu zvinonyatsoenderana; kure pakati zvinhu.

Uzivi Inoona seimwe chinokosha Mapato kuti akangosikwa nechokuita nguva. ukama ichi pakati zvakasiyana zvinhu, avo mwero, kubatana chairo nguva. Ndicho chokwadi kuti kufara kuti kuratidza kwadzinoita nezvokuvapo nyaya.

Maererano muuzivi nzvimbo ine chaizvo ehupfumi, zvinoti urefu, heterogeneity, mamiriro, anisotropy, kuti akaramba. Nguva dzose interacts pamwe nguva, pova anonzi nguva-nzvimbo.

Kumiririrwa muchadenga nhoroondo

Kumiririrwa nzvimbo iripo kubvira munguva dzekare. Zvadaro zvakanzi rakakamurwa yakasiyana siyana, achiumba nyika yavamwari, vanhu uye midzimu, kuva multi-layered uye heterogeneous. Wokutanga riwedzere kwakakosha Kushanduka pfungwa iyi zvinoita Euclid. Kuburikidza geometry nzvimbo, anotsanangura sezvo isingaperi uye homogeneous. Giordano Bruno, kudzidza mitumbi yokudenga chinosiyanisa yakakwana uye hama nzvimbo uye nguva.

Pakati sayenzi zvakaoma ngavauye vatsigiri Euclidean uye zvisiri Euclidean geometry. Pane dzidziso pamusoro curvature nzvimbo, N-dimensional nzvimbo. The refu yenguva uye nzvimbo vanoonekwa choga, vachifungidzira kuti havasi kukanganisa nyaya.

In XX remakore Einstein dzidziso relativity nayo inotanga. Maererano naye, nguva, nzvimbo uye nyaya dziri zvinodyidzana. Einstein anopedzisa zvinotevera: kana nzvimbo kubvisa nyaya yose, hapazovi nzvimbo pacharo.

masvomhu

Kwemasvomhu kurangwa ari kufunga nzvimbo muchiedza pfungwa, asi iye haagoni kuita pasina uzivi. The chikuru dambudziko pano ndiyo ukama chaicho kuti nyika kushandisa mazano kuti vari tinoberekwa masvomhu. Sezvaingoitwawo, sayenzi iyi anoedza kutsanangura Chiitiko achishandisa dzakananga Masvomhu, saka nokuda kwake nzvimbo - rikaiswa pamwe chacho.

Masvomhu so nzvimbo iyo siyana zvinhu uye zvinhu. All nayo airarama chepuraimari geometry, apo zvitarisiko (Dots) zviripo chete kana kupfuura ndege. Panyaya iyi, zvakanga zvakakodzera zvimwe kurondedzera, uyere nzvimbo. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, inoshandiswa mathematicians maitiro akadai urefu, uremu, kumhanya, nguva, vhoriyamu, uye zvichingodaro. N.

In kwemasvomhu sayenzi akasarudza govera mhando iyi nzvimbo: Euclidean, affine, Hilbert, Vector, probabilistic, mbiri-dimensional, vatatu-dimensional uye kunyange vasere-dimensional. Total wemasvomhu inomira kwete asingasviki 22 marudzi.

Physics

Kana masvomhu ari kuedza kushandura musimboti kwenhamba, iyo yefizikisi anoedza zvose kunzwa, ikabatwa. Zvino iye anouya pakugumisa kuti nzvimbo - imwe fuma, izvo hariwaniki zvinhu, asi unogona zadzwai chinhu. It magumo uye asingachinji. An nhandare zvakasiyana-siyana pezvakaitwa uye mananara, apo hazvina kukanganisa kwavo, uye pachayo haina kukanganiswa.

Physics anofunga nzvimbo kubva pakawanda maonero. Wokutanga so panyama - vatatu-dimensional - ukoshi, apo paku- dzinotsanagura zvazvo, nyika nezuva. muviri uye zvinhu zvinenge misha yakasiyana-siyana uye zvokuimba kufamba kupi.

Kunzwisisa izwi rechipiri iri zvakanyatsobatana kwemasvomhu yokutevedzera. Ichi husingaoneki nzvimbo. Zvinonzi yemanyorero kushandiswa kurondedzera uye zvinetso chokuita mumuviri-dimensional matatu nyika. Pano, mukusiyana kune masvomhu, kune marudzi matsva nayo, yakadai nzvimbo velocity ezvinhu, ruvara nzvimbo.

naka pfungwa

Yaitaurwa pamusoro pezvakaita uye zvivako zviri nzvimbo masayendisiti kwakaita kuti pagadzirwe dzakasiyana-siyana zvakazonaka pfungwa. Pahwaro nesayenzi chokwadi uye zvekungofungira tichingotarisira kuvaka dzidziso itsva pamusoro incredible yaibvira murume.

Imwe pfungwa dzakadaro akazviratidza muna XVII remakore muna Iogana Keplera. It chokuita hyperspace - ina masango kuti unobvumira kufamba kuburikidza nguva uye daro ari kumhanya kuti akapfuudza kumhanya chiedza. Imwe pfungwa yokuti chadenga anokwanisa kuwedzera uye vanoumba "muhomwe" mukati mitemo zvose mumuviri haichashandi, uye nzvimbo uye nguva varege kunyange kuvapo.

Gore negore, pfungwa idzi inoita kupenga vanozvarwa zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, havana vakabatanidzwa chokwadi kuti vari kuda nesayenzi uye yokunyepera. Uye hakuna munhu anoziva idivi kuchaita kupfuura zvinotevera hakungagoni dzidziso.

muchadenga

Kunzwisisa nzvimbo nokuda sayenzi dzakasiyana-siyana vari haagarimo Earth. Sezvo Physics anobvumira kusaverengeka kwayo, tinogona kutaura chinokosha kuwedzera miganhu Somuenzaniso, kune zvose (chikuru hurongwa, ari raora nezvose ariko munyika).

Unfilled chero mitumbi kwokurangana pakati zvinhu zvose - ndiwo nzvimbo. Zviri kunze kwemiviri yokudenga, saka kubva Earth yayo mhepo. Zvisinei, "isina nzvimbo" ichiri zvishoma izere: inoitwa nezvimedu rehydrogen yomuchadenga nyaya uye remagetsi nemwaranzi.

Zvinoita sokuti kana pane zvinhu kuti haana kuiswawo pakati nzvimbo, zvinoita kuti anonyatsoratidza kuti ayo mavambo. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoita kuti zviome, sezvo pasi muchadenga zvishoma rakasanganiswa, uye miganhu yaro avhiringidzwa chaizvo. Nokuti Kuparadzana zvomumhepo uye nzvimbo dzakawanda kushandisa zvimiso kukwirira 100 makiromita. Kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzakawanda vanofunga kuti zvakasikwa achangobva atanga pamusoro 120? Km kubva pepasi.

Air uye noruvazhe

Kusiyana pazvakaringana, chisingazivi zvinosanganisira mhepo paNyika, pane pfungwa dzine chokuita zvakananga. Somuenzaniso, mhepo nzvimbo. Cosmos ndiro izwi multi-faceted. Iye zvakawanda uye iri wefizikisi, uzivi, uye tsika. Airspace vakawanda zvinoreva mutemo uye jogirafi. Ndizvo chikamu chadenga yedu, uye miganhu yaro nokudzorwa mutemo dzakawanda.

Shoko rokuti "nzvimbo yakavhurika" - chokwadi, zvakafanana. Chinhu nharaunda kuti haisi chero nyika. Riri kunze, kuti miganhu mvura romumhenderekedzo yegungwa inoti uye chiri dzakawanda pfuma, nyore zvose.

chitendero

The nzvimbo mumwe wemibvunzo chikuru upi zvechitendero, iyo woripa siyanei zvaanoreva. Kazhinji ane yakajeka wehunyambiri chimiro, izvo kunorondedzerwa vakuru vakuru yenhengo (kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi enyika).

zvinotendwa Religious kukonzera pfungwa nzvimbo tsvene, t. E. Mumwe kuti nguva anosangana mauto yepamusorosoro. Panyaya iyi, pasi pokudzora matsvene rinogona kushandurwa uye qualitatively vakasiyana vamwe nzvimbo.

mhedziso

Space - iri kunzwisisa uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda pfungwa, musimboti iyo matambudzo masayendisiti uye Mystics kwemazana emakore. Pane akawandisa zvakafanana uye zvachose pakatarisana pfungwa maonero, kutsanangura pfungwa iyi. Ivo vose vanobvumirana nezvokuti nzvimbo unosvikirwa, yemitambo, chikuva kuti Implementation ose akasiyana-siyana uye muitiro. Marongerwo uye zvivako kwezvakatipoteredza vachiri chikonzero inopisa yesayenzi gakava.