Human shanduka: akamira kana kwete?

Masayendisiti akawanda kunetseka mubvunzo: "Ko-shanduka munhu akamira"? Vazhinji vavo anotenda kuti mhinduro yacho inofanira kuva hungu. Zvechokwadi, kana tichida funga muitiro uyu sezvo dzinongoitika selection, ipapo zvichida vanhu vanogona ichishanduka zvakakwana kukundwa zvisikwa uye kukwanisa zvokudya ivo nevana vavo? Uye ano zvokurapa, chero kusava nechokwadi inonyangarika - yakasvika ayo akakwana.

Asi zvakadaro chinzvimbo ine simba pfungwa. Namano hazvirevi asipo. Modern kwevanhu shanduka - zvichiitika chaizvo kunonoka, saka zvakaoma chaizvo kuti chamber munguva chaiyo. Uyezve, pane kubvuma kuti zvivako kunotungamirira mhedziso anopesana migumisiro kwevanhu genome tsvakurudzo.

Nyore zvinoreva shoko "shanduka" anodaro kuti muitiro kusandura kakawanda alleles vemo pamusoro nguva. Most kuchinja kwakadaro ndiko yokutsiva mumwe allele vamwe pasi pokudzora rwokuzvarwa vakasarudzwa. Kuti uone kuti shanduka kwevanhu ichifamba, zvakatikwanira kuwana chero zviratidzo allele Frequency Kuchinja genome.

Zvidzidzo Recent vakabvumira chidzore mamwe unoshamisa mienzaniso shanduka kwevanhu ano.

First - ndiwo anonzi kukwira kurwara. Ndudzi vakagara munzvimbo dzemakomo zvenyika, atarisana kukwana neoxygen iri mumhepo. nezvaaishayiwa kwakadaro kunotungamirira kurukutika, dzungu uye kushaya hope. In Muzviitiko zvakaipisisa, migumisiro yacho vari kusingarapiki - pulmonary edema kwaizotevera rinorema rufu. Uye acclimatization én anogona kubvisa chete chikamu zviratidzo.

Panguva tsvakurudzo zvakanzi yakawanikwa kuti zvemo vanhu venyika Tibet kunge dzakashandisa ezvinhu aripo muchimiro chokusava okisijeni. Zvakaonekwa kuti vakawanda Tibetan ropa okisijeni saturation 10%, ichienzaniswa vanhuwo. Nyaya iyi iri nhaka, saka anogona zvakachengeteka kukarakadza kuti napo chete Gene.

Mumwe muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiyo lactose kusashivirirana. Chinhu carbohydrate kuti anowanika chete mumukaka mhuka. It wefodya mumuviri womunhu achibatsirwa chinokosha enzayemu - lactase, iyo anogadzirwa kuzviita mugore rokutanga upenyu, pashure izvo kwetunhu pafuma dziri kupera. Vazhinji akura lactase hauna synthesized Naizvozvo lactose haina kunyura kusvika.

Chakatishamisa neAmerican maIndia, Avstraliyskie Aborigeny, vagari South-East Asia uye kumaodzanyemba Africa vanorwiswa kunwa mukaka yose. Kunoita bloating, manyoka, colic, kurutsa uye svoto. Panguva iyoyo vanogona kudya dheri zvigadzirwa, sezvo chinovira muitiro kwatanga pasi lactose.

Kugona kugaya lactose vakura vanhu vakatengwa pamusoro siyana mumakondinendi maviri - Europe neNorth Africa. Panguva iyoyo vakasimuka pasina mumwe uye azviise dzakasiyana-siyana genome. Izvi mutation kaviri yazova zvakavimbika chinoratidza kuti dzidziso munhu mberi.

Special kutarisirwa inofanira kubhadharwa kuti dambudziko AIDS. A denda pakati chirwere, iro rakatanga 80s, razova mumwe chikuru wevanotungamirira zvinhu panguva iyoyo. Vanenge mamiriyoni 40. Vanhu achitambura nechirwere ichi, uye denda yepamusorosoro kumaodzanyemba kweAfrica, uko vanenge 25% vanayo vakura.

Rave akapfuura mumatanho dzakawanda shanduka kwevanhu - asi kiyi ndiye yepanyama vakasarudzwa. Kuti aiva mumwe zvinhu zviri kubuda AIDS, sezvo zvinoratidza mumwe urongwa mutation, ichipa kudzivirira chirwere. Uye, Ungangove, pamusoro kwenguva, muviri womunhu vakaumba zvimwe yeimwe zvinobudirira kunogona kukurira chirwere ichi chisingarapiki.

Matangiro uye Kushanduka murume akatora anopfuura makore chiuru. Panguva ino, isu Mawanza Vhoriyamu uropi, kushandurwa features, takatanga kufamba takananga, vakadzidza kutaura. Zuva nezuva tive, neunyanzvi itsva uye mano kuti zvinobudirira kundorwa chirwere uye anoedza kurarama munyika yakaoma, saka hatigoni kutaura kuti shanduka yamira, zviri zvishoma zvishoma kwayo kosi.