Nhoroondo Eiffel Tower muna Paris

The Eiffel Tower, chiratidzo Paris, ine nhoroondo yakaoma. Chokutanga, hazvina kugamuchirwa, saka kushandiswa, asi ikozvino hazvigoni kufungwa pasina guru French izvi zvinoshamisa chivakwa.

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The akakurumbira chiratidzo Paris, zvichipa guta yaizivikanwa nyika maonero, riri pamusoro Munda Mars, aimbova uto achimisa pasi, iyo yave dzikwanise wakanaka paki. Rakakamurwa Lanes, yakashongedzwa madziva maduku uye ruva mibhedha. Pakatarisana neshongwe ndiye zambuko Jena. Graceful openwork Magadzirirwo inooneka kubva zhinji pfungwa muParis, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga akaronga Eifel kwete. Neshongwe aifanira kuita chimwe basa - kuva kujairika pasuo Wenyika Fair.

Project mvumo uye kugadzwa zvakagadzirwa

Nhoroondo Eiffel Tower akatanga mukupera XIX remakore. Muna 1889, World Expo raizoitirwa guru French. Chiitiko ichi chakanga zvikuru nokuda nyika. Rakanga yakarongwa kuti iitike uwirirane Centenary pamusoro storming of Bastille , uye aifanira kuripo 6 mwedzi.

Mumwe zvinangwa pashoo - kuratidzwa unyanzvi zvakagadzirwa, saka creators kukwikwidza setende, vane chirongwa zvingatoita kuratidza remangwana. Pamusuo pashoo kwaiva kushanda sezvo kwedenga. The ezvivako vakakumbirwa kugadzirira ubate kuvaka, izvo kuratidza hwokugadzira simba renyika uye kubudirira engineering.

Bayirai chikamu makwikwi kubva Parisian Kutarisirwa akagamuchira vose engineering kugadzirwa muguta Bureau, kusanganisira kuenda Gustave Eiffel. Akanga asina akagadzirira akagadzirwa zvinogadzirisa, uye akasarudza kutsvaka chinhu yakakodzera mumabasa dzave vambomira. Pane chinhu pauri, uye akawana gadzira reshongwe, zvakagadzirirwa ne Maurice Keshlenom, ake collaborator. With Emile Vaza rokuvaka rakanga kunyorwa kwenyaya uye kuzviisa pasi mumakwikwi Eiffel. Engineer akangwara rokutanga akasimuka pamwe creators chirongwa ane bvumidzwa pairi uye ipapo akaritenga kubva Keshla uye Vaza. Saka, chete kodzero yenhaka pamusoro peshongwe dzose vanodhirowa akapfuura Gustave Eiffel.

The makwikwi akanga aronga zhinji dzinonakidza uye nharo mabasa, uye nhoroondo Eiffel Tower uye vasingagoni kutanga. Engineering kuchinja kwakaitwa akagadzira kuti zvikuru decoration, uye mana asara Vakwikwidzi pakupera ari makwikwi basa akamusarudza.

Eiffel Tower - gore kutanga zvokukura kuvakwa uye erection

Rokuvaka hofori kuvakwa January 28 vakatanga, 1887. It kwemakore maviri, mwedzi miviri uye mazuva mashanu. Mumazuva iwayo kwaiva isati yamboitwa nokukurumidza. Rinotsanangura marefu ose nemazvo vanodhirowa, waiva kunyatsochengeta chaiyo saizi raanotaura vanopfuura zviuru 18 kuvakwa mashoko. Uyezve, kuti rikurumidze kumhanya basa, kuti Eifel akashandisa prefabricated chikamu neshongwe. rivets maviri nehafu miriyoni vakashandiswa kubatanidza zvose pakuvaka mashoko. The pre-vakagadzirira zvikamu mumakomba rivet kwave akachera, uye vakawanda vavo hwakagadzwa, izvo zvinoita kuti ukurumidze kereke.

Eiffel apiwa kuti hapana pre-kumorwa matanda uye dzimwe nhengo mamiriro havasi achirema matani anopfuura 3 - saka vari nyore kusimudza Cranes. Kana kukwirira shongwe yava outgrown kukura vachisimudza mano, ndauya kubatsira ane mapurani-akagadzirirwa uchikumbira foni Cranes kuti kutama njanji, akasikwa kuti ramangwana erevheta.

Chinonetsa mugove Gustave Eiffel haana kushanda kumusoro, pa 300 metres kukwira uye kuvakwa wokutanga shongwe papuratifomu. Sand yakazara simbi sepombi kutsigira kurema mana mbiru zvokunamata. Zvishoma nezvishoma achisunungura jecha, vanogona kuiswa panzvimbo yakarurama chinzvimbo. Kana izvi zvaitwa, wokutanga papuratifomu yakaiswa yakatambarara.

Mari mabasa ari kuvaka shongwe yaiva mafranc anenge mamiriyoni 8. Construction mari zvinogona recouped mukati panguva pashoo (6 months).

Weight uye kukura kwezvinhu

Vangani mamita Eiffel Tower yakanga yakakwirira zvakare? Yakanga mamita 300, uye akanga zvakawanda achirova hwomoyo yayo ukuru ari Statue of Liberty (93 metres pamwe girenayiti nechigadziko).

Uye mamita vangani dzakakwirira Eiffel Tower ane ikozvino? Mushure kugadzwa zviri kanyanga itsva zvakava 24 mamita kwirirei. The zvachose kurema shongwe iri zviuru 10 matani. With nomumwe kupenda chivako kuti uremu inowedzera nomumwe matani 60.

Njodzi neshongwe mushure pashoo uye mafungiro vokuParis

Pasi chibvumirano akasaina pamwe Eiffel, neshongwe raifanira namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara mumakore 20 pashure kuvakwa. kubudirira kwayo kwakanga nzeve - panguva pashoo vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni maviri aida kuona tsanzira rokuvaka kuti akanga asina vakaenzana munyika. Mugore, izvozvo akakwanisa recoup dzakawanda kuvakwa mari. Asi kuyemurwa pakati vashanyi havana kuudza okusika intelligentsia muParis. Eiffel Tower (France havana kuziva kupfuura dzinopikisana pfungwa pamusoro zvimwe zvivako) akaita kutsamwa uye akashatirwa pakati vemifananidzo uye vanyori. Vakafunga yakanyangara, sezvinoita fekitari chimbini, uye vakatya kuti nokukangaidza rakasiyana Zvinoonekwa Paris, anoumbwa kwemazana emakore.

Nhoroondo Eiffel Tower rekugadzirisa dismantling kwayo, kana kwete nguva redhiyo. Paredhiyo antennas vakanga yakaiswa chivakwa uye kuvakwa awana chinokosha zvine urongwa ukoshi. Pamusoro kuparadzwa shongwe yava kugona kutaura. Muna 1906, ivo Eiffel Tower akaisa yeredhiyo, uye muna 1957 pakava TV kanyanga pamusoro wayo.

Description of Eiffel Tower uye zvikonzero peculiarities vayo kuvakwa

Uriri iri kuvakwa chepiramidhi. It chakaumbwa mbiru ina zvokunamata. Kwavari hunogara rokutanga mativi (65 metres dhayamita) Chikuva reshongwe. Zvitsigiso chokuita ne yokufeva tracery hwakavigwa mumakamuri. Higher pambiru ina ndiyo papuratifomu wechipiri. Mana Mbiru pashongwe kutanga intertwine uye batanidza iri shongwe huru. Ndicho papuratifomu rechitatu. Pamusoro chiri yechiedza uye chiduku nhandare zvishoma kupfuura mita mu dhayamita.

Pasi vokutanga, wakaberekwa mapurani, iri resitorendi. On wechipiri, pane imwe resitorendi uye mudziyo ane lubricating mafuta pamusoro kwerunyararo elevators. Uriri wechitatu wakapiwa kuna yezvirwere (muchadenga uye Meteorological).

Nokuti kujairika chimiro neshongwe panguva iyo Eifel akanga achitsoropodzwa. Kutaura zvazviri, kwakajeka injiniya uye mapurani ainyatsoziva kuti yakadaro yakakwirira maumbirwo huru ngozi ane mhepo yakasimba. Magadzirirwo uye chimiro reshongwe zvakagadzirirwa kukurira dzakakwirira mhepo mitoro.

Eiffel Tower: zvinonakidza zvinhu pamusoro yakakurumbira chiratidzo Paris

Adolf Hitler munguva basa weFrance mauto eGermany akashanyira Paris uye aida vanokwira Eiffel Tower. Asi pamberi kusvika erevheta ngarurege yave dzaparadzwa zvakakomba, uye nokugadzira hazvibviri muhondo ezvinhu. Mutungamiri Germany haana kukwanisa vanokwira shongwe. Pashure kusunungurwa French guta Lift chichiwanikwa maawa mashoma.

The mapurani of Eiffel Tower yakanga chaizvo hanya kuchengeteka nenyaya, sezvo basa rakanga akatakurwa pana yakakwirira chaizvo altitudes. Munhoroondo kuvakwa, hapana vashandi haina akarasika - zviri zvikuru mberi kwemakore iwayo.

Pamwe Eiffel Tower uye nechokuita zvisingafadzi zviitiko - muna 2009 akanga paakavapa nzvimbo yechitatu kukurumbira pakati kuzviuraya.

Kuti repaint neshongwe, zvichakutorera makore rimwe nehafu kushanda uye matani 60 pendi.

Pazuva peshongwe unoparadza magetsi sezvinongoitawo diki musha dzimba ane zana.

Paris akakurumbira chiratidzo ine yayo patented ruvara - "shava Eiffel". Iye sezvo pedyo ichi endarira mumvuri zvivako kuvakwa.

Kune makopi anopfuura 300 yakakurumbira shongwe. Vanoverengeka vavo vari Russia: muMoscow, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Voronezh uye Irkutsk.

The Eiffel Tower Mutsika

Nhangaruvazhe kunge chinangwa kufarira vemifananidzo, vananyanduri, vanyori uye directors.

Nhoroondo Eiffel Tower wakanyorwa muvhidhiyo zvinyorwa, uye ayo ramangwana nguva zvakaratidzwa chezvinyorwa matepi. Imwe zvinofadza zvikuru mafirimu - inonzi "The Remangwana nyika: upenyu pashure vanhu." Zvinoratidza kuti pasina Nokuraramisa kwenguva refu nguva Eiffel Tower havazokwanisi kukunda vavengi vavo chikuru: nengura uye mhepo. Pashure anenge 150-300 makore aro okumusoro chikamu pachiyero pachikuva rechitatu ruchakoromoka ndokuwa.

Asi vazhinji Eiffel Tower anogona kuonekwa mifananidzo nenyanzvi. Zhan Bero, anozivikanwa nokuda kwake Genre mifananidzo unoratidza upenyu hwezuva nezuva muParis, akasika kupenda "Munyika Eiffel Tower", iro Parisienne pamwe kushamisika kufunga guru marongerwo. A yakawanda mabasa hwakatsaurirwa zvisikwa Eiffel Mark Shagal.

mhedziso

Chimwe chezvinhu kucherechedzwa zvivako nyika ndiyo Eiffel Tower. France ndiyo kodzero kudada ichi chiratidzo Paris zvinoshamisa. Maonero kubva pamusoro peshongwe guta, zvinoyevedza.

Yemura navo chero zuva - kwakajeka kusikwa Gustave Eiffel uye yakazarukira vashanyi pakupera kwevhiki.