Ndezvipi zvikonzero yezwi mutemo nevazhinji collectivization? Value nokuda kwayo zvayo mufambiro

Kusvikira ikozvino, kare haagoni kusvika nekubvirana pamusoro collectivisation munguva Stalin otonga. Vamwe vanodavira kuti nekuda kwayo Russia akakwanisa mumakore mashomanana kuenda nzira kukura, kuti icho dzimwe nyika vakatora emakore. Vamwe vanoti musiyano uri pakati nevatambi kuti capitalism, zvisingaitiki zvirongwa uye vanachandagwinyira wokuti zviremera zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti nhamba akaronga okuwana uye mazuvaano asingaunganidzi uwirirane chaiyo noitika, nekuti nechisimba kudzinga vanhu vakanga zvachose hanya navo.

The zvikonzero kuti chakakuridzira simba kusarudza nzira collectivization

Agricultural Kugadzirwa Russia zvinooneka lagged mumashure zviratidzo zvose kubva kuvatungamiri venyika. Zviri pachena izvi kudziviswa uye zvinonyatsorehwa nenhanho kukura rakakura wehurumende. Kana nguva asina rwakapedza dambudziko unyanzvi backwardness, pasi marketability okurima kugadzira, nyika aigona kugara remakore rechi19 tichitarisa ayo kukura, yava lagged kuseri West mumakore ane zana. Pashure pezvose, kunyange kugadzirwa marketable zviyo zviratidzo zvose havana zvakakwana yakatanga.

Kana mubvunzo unomuka, ndedzipi zvikonzero yezwi mutemo nevazhinji collectivization, zvinokosha kuyeuka zvokuvakisa danidziro 1927-28, izvo kutambura zvose zvinoitwa dambudziko, mune chokwadi yaiva chikonzero chikuru kuti pakatanga mutemo vakawanda collectivization. Zvakakosha kuziva huwandu mutongo chokuita zvakasiyana-siyana "makirasi". Maererano paitonga Stalin mapoka, migumisiro collectivization aifanira kuva chinzvimbo chaizvo, nokuti miduku yokuruwa wakaonekwa chete somunhu mubatsiri rwekuita mukirasi, izvo kwaiva zvishomanana pfungwa. Naizvozvo, uye kuzvidemba vakanga vasina chinangwa, rose muitiro aifanira kuenda kuburikidza nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, vachishandisa nzira chisimba, izvo unoruramisa nguva zhinji pacharo.

Pfungwa collectivization mumaziso zviremera uye vanhu

Kuti simba ari collectivization, iri pfupi, zvaiva chinhu asi chisikwa ane simba, simba zvokurima michina, dzaiva pasi pesimba kuita zvirongwa panongovira tambo kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nenhanho kukura.

Vanhuwo zvavo, collectivization yaiva yakaoma nechisimba akaroverwa pfungwa Dare Unit, iyo haina kufanana yakawanda mapurazi nokuti kuti kwemakore kuunganidza pfuma, mhuka, mumatanda akanga akangorara akaisa kudzorwa nevamwe, pasina chinhu chinoratidza chokudzoka kana kugamuchira wakatsiga mari.

dzekare zhinji, uyo akafungisisa mubvunzo chii chinokonzera yezwi mutemo nevazhinji collectivization, kutaura nechivimbo kuti kana negoho mugore 1927-28 yakanga yakakwirira kukohwa kushanda akawira kasere ipapo zvichida chisimba nzira asingadi kushandiswa nenzira yakaoma chimiro.

The chakazoitwa uye zvinofanira kuva

Rakanga riri regumi namashanu Congress of CPSU (b) collectivization rakaparidzirwa huru chinangwa. Kukurudzirwa nokukurumidza uye zvikuru kuita ayo zvipikirwa tibatsirwe, reductions mu mutero rates, vaifanira murwire yepamusoro vashandi nounyanzvi kwemichina. Uye kana iwe kuwedzera shoko "kumanikidzwa" iri pakutanga vakawanda collectivization zvakanga zvichiri nekaupenyu yokuzvidira, ipapo muna 1929 kusvika pfungwa iyi.

zvinangwa

Kuti kunyatsonzwisisa chii chinokonzera yezwi mutemo nevazhinji collectivization, vanofanira kunzwisisa dzinokosha zvinangwa zvakagadziriswa.

1) Cities rakakura nokukurumidza, vaifanira kupa mari hwokurima. Asi nezera ravo kukura uye kunyatsoshanda kuita chinangwa chakadaro zvakanga pasi.

2) Zvakanga kurongwa kuti mumakore okutanga collectivization zvabuda, kureva kuwedzera zviyo kupinzwa, kuchaita kuti refinance kwete chete zvokurima, asiwo chirongwa maindasitiri.

Cannibalization. chaizvoizvo

Dispossession nomunhu mapurazi vakatora nzvimbo kubva vachiteura ropa uye nemisodzi. Vanhu vakakwanisa kusvika zvimwe miti kukura vayo upfumi, haadi kusiya pfuma, mhuka, midziyo "pasi Bapiro mumapurazi", asi pfungwa dzavo uye anoda hapana achizogamuchidzwa dzisaitwa. Hazvina kubatsira, uye yakakwirira mitero, zvakasimba chikwereti mamiriro. Antikolhoznye zvesimba, iro rakatanga muchirimo 1930, zvishoma kurukutika kumanikidzwa nezviremera zvomunzvimbo, varimi vakatanga kusiya mumapurazi, asi nokuda matsutso collectivization chisimba nzira zve nesimba rakawedzerwa.

Kwete chaizvo zvakafanana Sezvaitarisirwa, yakabereka zvibereko collectivization. Makore andakapedza pamusoro kusikwa rimwe muchina zvokurima, kutsausa vanhu kupinda vashandi hanya ane waivako kwakanga zvishoma yakaita mberi. Nepo yekudyidzana kuderedza zvipfuwo, negoho rakadonha, aina chingwa kwakawedzera uye somugumisiro, nzara 1932-33.

Zvino kuti unonzwisisa mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii vari zvikonzero yezwi mutemo nevazhinji collectivization, rinoratidza zvinotevera: "Nei zviremera havadi kuona kuti pfungwa dzavo wakavhiringika, nekuti ndihwo Aisagona pasina incentives kuti kubudirira mune zvoupfumi kuti?"