"Gremyashchy" (muparadzi Northern Fleet) mumakore ehondo

MuHondo Yenyika II, mumwe chinhu - plane, chikepe, uye kunyange murwi nyore, kuti kubatsira kudzivirira nyika uye zvakaita kuti rakada Kukunda Day. Zvaizoratidza sokuti unogona kuvimba nyore kuzvikepe kana ngarava? Sei vanogona kutungamirira nyika uye nyika pakuguma hondo? Contemporary uye zvinyorwa kundorondedzera ushingi, ushingi uye voumhare, masoja kwete chete munhu uye vafambisi vengarava, asiwo anokwana zviyero yose, uye masimba wengarava, matangi ndege. The womukati chatingatevedzera vanhu sezvo zvakapfuudzwa magadzirirwo, zvavakanga vakatonga.

Saka muparadzi "Gremyashchy" pamwe chikwata, mabasa ayo uye zviito chichiwanikwa naye muvengi zvezita. Imhandoi mufananidzo chikepe rinonzi muparadzi?

Nomuparadzi - webetsero warship

Vanoparadza, kunonziwo muparadzi, chiri multi-chinangwa rwisana-nokukurumidza raanoziva, ndoupiko unonyanya agadzirira kundorwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, ndege (ari ano shanduro uye zvombo), uye ngarava muvengi. Basa kuvaparadzi kunosanganisirawo kudzivirirwa uye kudzivirira wengarava convoys, ushori vachirwisa, atirari rutsigiro munguva kumhara uye zvichingodaro.

"Gremyashchy" - Guards muparadzi dzechikwata kuna WWII

Izvi wakaradzikwa pamusoro muparadzi Leningrad chirimwa № 190 pasi nhamba C-515. Makore matatu gare gare, imba yakapera uye Red Banner kuBaltic Fleet akamuendesa tsvimbo yake. Papera mwedzi yakati, muparadzi "Gremyashchy", iyo panguva iyoyo akarayira A. I. Gurin, pamwe muparadzi "Crushing" akayambuka White Sea-kuBaltic Canal uye vakasvika vachibva Kronstadt kuna Polar.

Panguva Finnish War "Gremyashchy" kakawanda akaita mabasa ose patrol uye ushori, uyewo nokuda kudzivirira motokari convoys.

Muna November 1940, ngarava yakanga garandi basa uye kugadzira, urwo rwakatora kusvikira May 1941. Saka muparadzi pamberi pakutanga Great Patriotic War yakanga yakanaka ezvinhu.

"Gremyashchy" muparadzi muna 1937, mumazuva hondo mangwanani

In yechipiri yezana usiku June 22, 1941 , kuti Northern Fleet yave yazivisa. "Clattering" akarayirwa kuti pakarepo kuenda muromo Vaenga kweArctic. Panguva iyi, June 23 nomuparadzi vamutye kurwisa ndege German, uye zuva rakatevera akaenda yake yokutanga pokurwa convoying ngarava kubva Murmansk kuna Titovka apo akapotsera pasi muvengi bhomba.

Kusvikira pakati August 1941 muparadzi "Gremyashchy" Northern Fleet aiva Vaenga, kuita neapo forays mugungwa. Zvisinei, munguva ino akakwanisa kuratidza zvinopfuura 20 kurwisa kubva mumhepo.

By August 18 muparadzi akakurudzirwa Murmansk, kwaiva nokusimbaradza zvombo zvayo Anti-ndege: 45-millimeter kanoni akawedzera mamwe 37-millimeter pfuti.

22 August Ngarava dzepasi pemvura German uye Ndege vakarwisa muvengi chikwata chikepe mai "Maria Ulyanova". In kwayo kuzvidzivirira nemuparadzi "Gremyashchy" vakatumwa, pamwe kumatare, "Kuibyshev", "Uritsky" uye chikwata chikepe "Storm". Muhondo iyi, vashandi vemo kuti "Gremyaschi" rakaratidza kuva wepachokwadi, vakashinga uye ruzivo yetsiva chikwata. mumwe "Junkers" akapfurwa pasi uye mumwe zvakaipisisa sousingabatsiri. Zvisinei, akagamuchira kuduku kukuvara muparadzi 8 mabhomba raputika 15 chete metres kubva kurutivi rwake. Asi mazuva mana pashure yenjodzi kugadzira dzinotevera mudungwe wemabhazi mugungwa pamwe "Gremyashchy".

Nomuparadzi yose mwedzi September akanga kugadzwa minefields mana chete nguva pachena pagungwa vachiridzira pamusoro muvengi pasi kunangwa. Panguva iyi, iye akasimbisa maminitsi anopfuura 190, uye dzikabereka vanenge 300 anoshongwa.

Kusvikira kwa1941, "Gremyashchy" toyambutsa pakati nezvigadziko muna Murmansk, kweArctic uye Vaenga nguva kuitwa kurwisa nzvimbo muvengi. Chinonyanya chinoshamisa kuvhiyiwa muparadzi mumwedzi hondo yokutanga - iri kutokonora Varde chiteshi chengarava muNorway musi November 24 usiku. 6 maminitsi Kwapera, vakapa 87 vaitenderera uye ngozi vakadzokera yokunyoresa Database, haana akakuvara munguva moto apindure.

In itsva gore kutongwa mberi

Muparadzi "Gremyashchy" Northern Fleet February 21, 1942 airamba ari muvengi zvepamusoro muNorway 121 projectile.

Patsime 1942 muparadzi Akaperekedzwa 11 omubatanidzwa convoys. All vachirwisa chikepe kwakaitika yakaoma okunze. Somuenzaniso, March 14 nomuparadzi akanga ari muaizi yomuGungwa North kurwisa German kudzika mhosva yepasi pemvura matatu. A March 22 apo pamahombekombe ipapo takapfugama tikanyengetera mumwe mudungwe wemabhazi akanga ari simba dutu. Ngarava uye muperekedzi ngarava vakapararira kwakasiyana-siyana. Akatambudzwa uye "Gremyashchy" - muparadzi gungwa mafungu akarova nhamba kukuvara zvakakura. Mazuva maviri gare gare akachiita yake chawo kuti March 28, pamwe muparadzi "Crushing" uye Chirungu chikepe "Oribi" kuti kugungwa nokuda unotevera musangano karavhani nhumbi zvikepe achibva UK.

Zuva rakatevera, iro mudungwe wemabhazi uye muperekedzi vakarwiswa zvikepe muvengi, izvo akabudirira akanga unonyangadzwa. Asi akamirira mumwe kushamisika. March 30, 1942 pamukova Kola Bay yakawanikwa nomuvengi yepasi pemvura. "Gremyashchy" panguva kumhanya vakananga nzvimbo muvengi dislocation uye akadonha mumvura 17 udzamu mhosva. The Kurwisa akabudirira: pashure pfupi pakanga masarasara pamusoro pegungwa mafuta itsvedze uye bhegi reGermany mukuru wacho. Somugumisiro akazotevera, yepasi pemvura yokuGermany U-585 rakaparadzwa.

Munguva yose mwedzi waApril muparadzi aigara akaenda kugungwa dzibudise convoys. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe kusingafadzi chiitiko hwakanyorwa. Panopera mwedzi "Gremyashchy" ne "kurwadza" akatora kuchengetedzwa kuBritain ngarawa "Edinburgh", iyo akarwiswa yepasi pemvura wokuGermany. Night May 1 vaparadzi dzakamanikidzwa kudzokera napamaruva wedzera. Pazuva rechipiri, "Gremyashchy" vakadzokera ngarawa, asi zvakanga yapera: "Edinburgh" akanga dzanyura ngarava German.

Kubva May kusvika pamugumo June muparadzi yeSoviet "Gremyashchy" tawirwa yaigadzirisa pamusoro zvinoyangarara nechigadziko nhamba 104. Its kwete achichisonera panguo kumusoro, asi akashandura uye vaisanganisa kuti chombo. Mukuita, anenge mazuva ose aifanira yokudzivisa nayo kurwisa ndege muvengi. Saka, musi waJune 15 unotevera mhepo kurwisa kwaunonogadziriswa Anti-ndege muparadzi akapfura pasi Ndege matatu, uye zvakafanana zvinokonzera kukuvara.

kunatsiridzwa

Mushure kugadziriswa, muparadzi yakaramba dzibudise nhumbi zvikepe, nguva dzose kuratidza vachirwisa kubudikidza ndege muvengi.

Sezvo kuguma August - kuvamba September 1942 "Gremyashchy" riri pamusoro chakasungirirwa muna Murmansk, apo rakachengetedzwa akapinda mudenga kudzivirira hurongwa. Cheshanu September Gunners onboard nomudonzvo, pamwe pamhenderekedzo murindi akazarura moto muvengi murwi boka aériennes anobhomba guta Murmansk. Muhondo muchikepe Anti-ndege bhatiri kupfurwa pasi ndege matatu, asi chikepe pacharo harina dzaparadzwa, kunyange zvazvo vakawanda raputika anopfuura 12 mabhomba.

Mumazana ose mwedzi September ndaiva hondo dzakawanda "Gremyashchy": muparadzi akadzivirira mapoka evafambi Soviet uye omubatanidzwa ngarava. Asi mukurusa kuvadza chikepe zvinoitika kwete mabara muvengi uye anoshongwa, chinoshamisa sezvo sokuti, uye kubva zvomumvura maatomu akafanana. Anogara Zvinovhiringidza madutu, pashure zvakaoma kuenda pedyo umbowo igadziridzwe. Somuenzaniso, musi October 21, muparadzi apinda dutu, nokuda hwakaraswa chikamu chacho michina uye svinga zvombo. Mukupera October, iye zvakare yarova 7 Gale nesinou nemhepo, uye ipapo chikepe zvikazara yakasimba wepfumo mvura. The mudziyo kutanga chitsitsinho 52 madhigirii, kutanga uye chechitatu dzokutyaira boilers vakatanga chinomwiwa. Naizvozvo, muparadzi akamanikidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kudzokera chawo, nokudaro kukanganisa makagadzirira.

varindi rokuremekedza

March 1, 1943 muparadzi "Gremyashchy" pamwe chete vashandi vake pakuratidza ushingi uye ushingi akanga paakavapa musoro Guards.

Kusvikira pakuguma April rechi43 chikepe chehondo, zvichiratidza anopfuura gumi risati mhepo vachirwisa. Pakati pavo paiva chinoshamisa nyaya, kana ndege yakapfurwa pasi wokuRussia pamwe kuziva zvezvinangwa ose zvisingazivikanwi mhando.

Kubva May kusvika June Guards muparadzi vakaperekedza gumi motokari karavhani, apo repulsing kudenha "mhumhi rongedza" pamusoro Ngarava dzepasi pemvura German.

Mumatsutso 1944 "Gremyashchy" iri rengarava vakatakura rutsigiro moto nokuda mberi mauto Karelian Front.

Sei anotakura kudanwa, saka zvichaita kuyangarara

Muparadzi "Gremyashchy" muhondo zvechokwadi atambira zita rayo. Akaita vanopfuura 90 rwisana mishoni basa kwaari murayiro mukuru, aiva zvuru 60 nautical mamaira. Nomuparadzi anonunurwa 112 muvengi mhepo kurwisa, akapfura pasi 14 uye akakuvadzwa anopfuura 20 ndege, vakabudirira vakaperekedza vanenge 40 pamwe uye 24 convoys edu, rikanyura mumwe uye kwakakanganisa kuti Ngarava dzepasi pemvura maviri German, kakawanda vakapedza kutokonora muvengi zviteshi uye nzvimbo. Uye ndicho chete chepamutemo, kunozivikanwa mashoko.

Muzhizha 1945 Captain A. I. Gurin akagamuchira mukuru zita Hero of Soviet Union.

pashure kukunda

Muna 1956, muparadzi wakazvikudza maoko, uye akava chikepe chokurovedza. Uye vaviri makore akanga adzingwa Navy. Muparadzi "Gremyashchy" kubva 1941-1945, akaenda pazororo, uye iye chikatsiviwa idzva ano Anti-yepasi pemvura chikepe zvakafanana zita, iro akaramba kubwinya tsika yakakurumbira muparadzi Soviet Northern Fleet.

Technical parameters pomuparadzi "Gremyashchy"

Muparadzi "Gremyashchy" vane mufananidzo tinogona kuona kumusoro, ane inokwana 48,000 horsepower uye misha matani 2380, mumwe kureba 113 uye 10 mamita paupamhi. The kunonyanyisa kumhanya ngarava - 32 nokusunungura mapfundo, cruising siyana pamwe Eco muoti - anopfuura 1,600 mamaira. Armed nomuparadzi aiva mana 130-millimeter pfuti, maviri 76.2-mm mana 37-mm kanoni mana mapatya zvigwagwagwa, zviviri mumaturi uye vaviri Avangard sepombi. Uyezve, akaisa mungarava maminitsi 56, vanenge 55 anoshongwa pamusoro inosiyana rakadzika. The vashandi raiva 245 vanhu mudziyo.

Mubayiro kudzokorora

Maererano zvinyorwa vakuru German uye varwi Second World War, Zvikepe Soviet agara akavarova haana kudaro zvikuru hwokugadzira unhu kwepfuti sezvo ushingi vafambisi vechikepe navakuru vaigona kurwa zvayo nhatu dzokutanga ezvinhu pasi zvakasiyana-siyana.

Uye "Gremyashchy" vaiwana zvakunoreva zita rayo makore akawanda kuhondo basa kuchengetedza nokudzivirira nyika yedu kubva muvengi nechisimba. Mazuva Russian nezvikepe pamusoro zvikepe zvombo, Chokwadi, zvakawanda vepamusorosoro zvikepe pane 1941-1945 kuti mudziyo. Zvisinei, mudzimu nemauto tsika kuramba chete.