Copper saiyoyo: zvinokonzera, zviitiko, migumisiro

Copper saiyoyo - iri chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo Russia, kumukirawo pamusoro dzomumaguta murombo uye makirasi maduku, vakatora nzvimbo muMoscow paitonga Alexei Mikhailovich. Pfungwa yokuti 'mhangura nezvokumukira "yava anofanana. Rinoshandiswa pose unofanira vataure depreciation mari uye kusauka cheHurumende.

Copper saiyoyo: chinokonzera uye nhoroondo mamiriro ezvinhu

Moscow mamiriro dzakarwiwa hondo refu kuti kuUkraine kuzorwa wePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, nokuti chii yakapera guru uwandu mari. Paiva kuperevedza mari. Own deposits zvinokosha nesimbi, izvo yakagadzirwa mari panguva iyoyo, Russia haapo, saka vakanga yabva kunze. Mint vakashandisa dzimwe mari kuti vave Russian - sendi kobiri uye mari.

Zvinhu vakasvika kuti Boyar Ordin-Nashchokin akapa vasingabvumirani kwazvo nzira yokubuda: kuti chemindi mhangura mari sezvadziri sirivha. Panyaya iyi, nemitero zvichiri inounganidzwa sirivha, asi mari yakapiwa pamwe mari itsva mhangura. Kutanga mhangura mari ra1654 Pamutemo chakaunzwa wokufambisa pachinzvimbo sirivha.

Pakutanga, zvinhu zvose vakaenda sezvo aronga hurumende: mari itsva chakagamuchirwa pa mutengo mari kare. Asi nokukurumidza vakatanga kubereka Zvaifadza mari, hazvina nokuti matambudziko nemhangura. Chakavezwa matare muMoscow, muPskov, Novgorod, kushanda panguva zvizere chinzvimbo. Fudza unsecured mari nerubatsiro yakatsvairwa Russia, saka nokukurumidza zvinoda kuti sirivha akatanga nokukurumidza kukura, uye rokutenga simba mari yemhangura akawa.

Zvakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma pakutanga, uye ipapo mhoromhokwa mitengo. The Hurumende akaramba kugamuchira mari yemhangura muzvikwama mitero, saka tsaru mari kwakawedzera mutengo, nokuti imwe yesirivha Ruble yekare akapiwa mhangura itsva 15 kusvika 20. Vatengesi vakaenda kumusika uye akadzinga mari yemhangura chaiwoiwo ngoro, apo mhangura devalued ose zuva. Vagari vhunduka nokuti mari yemhangura vasingagoni kutenga chinhu, asi pakanga pasina kutora sirivha.

Asi hurumende haina kuda kubvuma chikanganiso nezviito zvake, uye tsika yakanga kutarisa nemhosva kudivi. Kuita kuti aval kuti mitengo vainzi counterfeiters. Show miedzo akatanga kugara munyika. Nokuti kweShanduro "Akasiya" mari mutongo apo paiva mumwe chete: ane utsinye mutongo. Maererano ukapisa murwi mhosva akadurura yakaumbwa simbi iri huro.

Dambudziko raiva kuti mari dziri nemhangura aigona zvinenge munhu aigona kubata zvishoma simbi. "Kotelniki uye olovyanniki" apo massively akura mufumi, anokwanisa pachako imba ibwe, kutenga zvinhu zvinodhura. Nekuti chimwe nechimwe akanga yayo shoma chivanze mari. Yokunyepedzera mhangura mari muMoscow oga kwakanga zvinopfuura hafu yemiriyoni.

Copper saiyoyo: zviitiko

Mangwanani June 25, 1662 Old Style padanda panguva Lubyanka muMoscow akanga glued tsamba damning, iyo inonzi vatengesi Rtishchev Miloslavsky uye muenzi Basil Shorin. Kutaura zvazviri vakanga anonzi hukama wokuPoland, iyo kusvikira zvino aiva hondo. The rwakange zvachose groundless, asi vanhu kunge vaida chero chikonzero kutanga nokusagadzikana.

A vazhinji zviuru zvakawanda vanhu, pashure pokuverenga mashoko aya, akaenda kumusha Kolomenskoye - muzhizha dzokugara wamambo. Guard yakaunyana, uye vanhu vakasununguka akaputsa kupinda yamambo. Alexis akaudza Rtishchev Miloslavsky uye nedebwe mudzimba mambokadzi, uye akabuda kuvanhu. Zvino pakava pachiitiko kuvhuna Nheyo dzose kwenzanga uye canons. Vanhuwo zvavo vakakomba Alexei Mikhailovich, uye chaizvoizvo vakabata mabhatani wamambo zvipfeko, akabvunza: "Ruripiko chokwadi," The kukurukurirana hwaiva norunyararo kwazvo, uye mambo akavimbisa vanhu kuti agadzirise. Mumwe vapanduki kunyange "yakarova ake namambo." Pashure paizvozvo, vanhu vazhinji vadzikama uye vakatanga kupararira. The Chiitiko zvaiita kuti apera. Asi nhasi kwaifanira agumise zvakasiyana.

Imwe revanhu panguva ino akaputswa kumba Shorin, uye mwanakomana wake mucheche kunyora kupupura kuti baba vake yekuita vaitengesa Poles uye zvikuru akaronga asingashumbi mari mhangura kubatsira vaivengwa muvengi. With ndicho "kuzivikanwa" mumaoko vapanduki vakamhanya vari Kolomenskoye, kudhonza shure avo kare vakadzoka vachibva ikoko. Panguva iyi mambo ava kuda kuenda kuMoscow kuongorora nyaya. Zvisinei, vatsva kutyisidzira vapanduki vakamubvisa pachake. Kubva Moscow iyoyo akasungirirwa uta uye masoja. Uye Alexei Mikhailovich akarayira Artamonov Matveyev Hack vapanduki.

Zvakatanga kuranyutsa ichi. Chaunga chaiva unarmed. Vanhu akadzvinyirirwa, vakanyura murwizi, vakabayiwa uye akacheka. Pazuva iroro, akauraya vanhu vanopfuura chiuru. In pamazuva anotevera, vadzidzi kuzviita akatsvaka kuti kwidza muna Kolomenskoye, akasungwa, akasungirirwa, akagura maoko netsoka, vakapiswa, akadzingwa Moscow nhapwa zvachose. Vakawanda vevaya vasungwa dzakamanikidzwa kunyora kubva dhikitesheni kuenzanisa manyorerwo pamwe kuti kurwara-fated Gwaro. Zvisinei, vaikurudzira wechokwadi akawana uye vakakundikana.

Copper Kupanduka 1662 kwaiva chokupika izvi dzomumaguta murombo - mhizha, varimi, vatengesi venyama, emo murombo. Kubva vashambadzi uye vanhu dzekirasi yakakwirira hazvina kutora chikamu kwete. Uyezve, ivo vakabatsira kuti Zvakazoitwa kusungwa pakati rioters.

Somugumisiro bope sei vanenge zviuru zvitatu pavanhu, uye vakawanda vavo vaiva inongova kuziva boka.

Copper saiyoyo: nechirevo

Mambo akaramba chivimbiso chake uye kukurira dambudziko Mari mhangura. Muna 1663, rakanyorwa mafekitari muna Novgorod uye muPskov dzakavharwa, uye mari yemhangura vachizvitsaura zvachose kubva wechiGeorgian. Akatangazve coinage mari yesirivha. Mari yesimbi yemhangura akarayirwa kuti tsvina boilers kana kupfuura kuti chezvipo. Copper mari vakatsinhanisa nemari itsva sirivha vachiri mwero inflationary makumi maviri kusvika imwe, kuti, hurumende yave pamutemo kuti rubles yemhangura yekare vaiva pasina nzira yakapiwa. Mari aizokurumidza zvakare kubhadhara nesirivha.