Mitambo yeItaly: nhoroondo nemarudzi avo

Munyika kune marudzi akawanda anotaura mumitauro yakasiyana. Asi kwete nemashoko chete vanhu vakataura munhau yose. Nechinangwa chekunamata manzwiro avo nemifungo munguva yekare, nziyo nemitambo zvakashandiswa.

Dhidhiyo yemaDhani nechekuita kwekusimudzira tsika

Chimiro cheItaly chinonyanya kukosha pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu epasi rose. Kutanga kwokukura kwayo nokukurumidza kunobatana nekuzvarwa kwemunguva mitsva - Renaissance. Chaizvoizvo, chizvarwa cheRenetwork chinowanika chaizvo muItaly uye kwekanguva chinotanga mukati, pasina kubata dzimwe nyika. Kubudirira kwake kwokutanga kunowira muzana remakore re XIV-XV. Gare gare kubva kuItaly yakapararira muEurope yose. Kubudirira kwemaitiro kunotangawo muzana remakore rechi14. Mweya mutsva unyanzvi, mafungiro akasiyana kune rugare neruzhinji, kuchinja kwehutano hwakaratidza zvakananga mumitambo yevanhu.

Kufurikidza kweRenthrough: New Pa naBalli

MuMiddle Ages, kufamba kweItaly kumimhanzi kwakaitwa nhanho-euchenjeri, zvakanaka, nekusvetuka. Chizvarwa chekare chakachinja mafungiro pamusoro paMwari, izvo zvakaratidzwa mumitambo. Mitambo yeItaly yakawana simba uye kufamba kwakasimba. Saka na na "kumira kwakakwana" kwakaratidzwa pasi pano revanhu, kubatana kwake nezvipo zvezvisikwa. Uye sangano re "zvigunwe" kana "nekutumbuka" chido chomunhu chakaonekwa naMwari uye kukudzwa kwake. Izvo zvinobva paItaly dance heritage. Kusangana kwavo kwainzi "balli" kana "ballo".

Italiyane vanhu vese mimhanzi zviya zveRenaissance

Mabasa ehutano akaitwa pasi pechidimbu. Zvishandiso zvinotevera zvakashandiswa pane izvi:

• Harpsichord (chiItaly "chibalo"). Kutanga inotaura nezveItaly, XIV yezana remakore.
• Ngoma (rudzi rwemakandira, tateguru yemudhadha wemazuva ano). Vatambi vakashandisawo panguva yekufamba.
• Chisimba (chiridzwa chemidziyo, chakaberekwa muzana remakore rechiXV). Shanduro yake yeItaly is viola.
• Lute (yakabvutwa chiridzwa chine tambo.)
• Dudki, nyere uye oboes.

Dance Diversity

Nyika yemimhanzi yeItaly yakawana zvakasiyana-siyana. Kubuda kwemitambo mitsva nemitambo yakakonzera kufamba kwakasimba kune kurohwa. Mitambo yeItaly yeItaly yakaberekwa uye yakagadzirwa. Mazita avo akange akaumbwa, kazhinji akavakirwa pamutemo. Paiva nemhando zhinji yemarudzi avo. Mitambo yemitambo yeItaly inozivikanwa nhasi ndeye Bergamask, Galliard, Saltarella, Pavan, Tarantella uye Pizzicum.

Bergamask: mapoka ekare

Bergamask - kudhakwa kwevanhu vechiItaly mhando dzezana remakore XVI-XVII, kunze kwefashoni pashure, asi yakasiya nhaka inofambidzana yemitambo. Native nzvimbo: kuchamhembe kweItaly, ruwa rweBergamo. Mimhanzi iri mumutambo inofadza, rhythmic. Urefu hweawa-yakadzika-yakasungwa mana. Movement - iri nyore, yakanyatsogadzikana, yakabatanidzwa, inogona kuchinja pakati peviri pakati payo. Pakutanga, dhanki yevanhu yakawira mukuda nedare munguva yeRenaissance.

Kutaura kwekutanga kunyoresa pamusoro pake kwakaratidzwa muWilliam Shakespeare kutamba A Midsummer Night Dream. Pakuguma kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana kubva muchechi wekutamba Bergamask zvishoma nezvishoma unoshandiswa kuva chizvarwa chetsika. Vanyori vakawanda vakashandisa nzira iyi mukutora mabasa avo: Marco Ucchelini, Solomon Rossi, Girolamo Frescobaldi, Johann Sebastian Bach.

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechina, imwe shanduro yeBergamaski yakaonekwa. Yakanga yakarongedzwa nehupamhi hwakavhenganiswa hukuru hwemimhanzi, nekukurumidza (A. Piatti, K. Debussy). Kusvika iye zvino, akachengetedzwa maitiro echechi Bergamaski, ayo anowiridza kuedza kushandura mu ballet nemitambo yemitambo, achishandisa shanduro yakakodzera yemimhanzi.

Galliard: anofara mitambo

Gallardo dhanho yekare yeItaly, imwe yevanhu vokutanga nziyo. Yakaratidzwa muzana remakore re XV. Mukushandura zvinoreva "kufara". Chaizvoizvo, anofara zvikuru, simba uye rhythmic. Iko kusanganiswa kwakakomba kwechishanu pa uye kusvetuka. Uyu ndiwo mutambo wepakati pevanhu vakave vakawana mukurumbira pamapurisa ane simba muItaly, France, England, Spain, Germany.

Muzana remakore re XV-XVI, galliard yakave yakashongedzwa pamusana pekunyora kwayo, gay, kurongedza rhythm. Kurasikirwa nekududzirwa nekuda kwekushanduka-shanduka nekushandurwa kuva muchengeti wechirongwa chekuda dare. Pakupera kwezana remakore re XVII, zvakashandurwa zvachose kumimhanzi.

Inonyanya galliard inoratidzwa ne tempo inonyoresa, kureba kwemamita iri nyore matatu-lobed imwe. Mune nguva dzinotevera, dzinoitwa nemutauro unofanana. Iri galliard rakarongedzwa nenhare yakaoma yemimhanzi yemimhanzi. Anozivikanwa nemabasa emazuva ano mumutauro uyu anozivikanwa nechepfupi uye yakanyatsogadzikana kufamba. Vanyori vakashandisa mimhanzi isina basa mumabasa avo: V. Galilei, V. Breik, B. Donato, W. Byrd nevamwe.

Saltarella: kufara kwemuchato

Saltarella (Saltarello) ndiye mutambo wekare wokuItaly. Ari kufara uye rhythmic. Icho chinopindirana nekubatanidzwa kwezvikwiriso, kusvetuka, kutendeuka uye uta. Kubva: kubva kuStaritari yeItaly - "svetuka". Kutaura kwokutanga kweiyo mhando yehutori hwemifananidzo yakadzokera ku XII yezana remakore. Pakutanga yaiva dhanho yevanhu vose mumhanzi wekuimba kwemavara maviri kana matatu. Kubva muzana remakore rechigumi nemana, rakaberekerwa patsva muSartarella kusvika kumimhanzi yakakura zvakakura. Stylistics yakapona kusvikira zvino.

Muzana remakore reXIX-XX - rakashandurwa kuva danho guru rekuchato reItaly, rakatamba pamhemberero panguva yechikwata. Nenzira iyo, panguva iyoyo ivo vaiwanzoita nguva yekukohwa. Mu XXI - inourawa pane dzimwe nguva. Mimhanzi mumutauro uyu yakagadzirwa mune zvinyorwa zvevanyori vakawanda: F. Mendelssohn, H. Berlioz, A. Castellono, R. Barto, B. Bazurov.

Pavane: mutambo wakanaka

Pavan mutambo wekare weChitori webhora, iyo yaive yakaitwa pachivanze chete. Imwe zita inozivikanwa - padovana (kubva kune zita reguta reItaly Padova, kubva muLatini pa - peacock). Iyi dhanho inononoka, yakanaka, yakasununguka, artsy. Kubatanidzwa kwekufamba kunosanganisira matanho akareruka uye maviri, kukwidza uye kushanduka nguva nenguva munzvimbo yevakaroorana kune umwe neumwe. Handina kungoita chete pamashoko, asiwo pakutanga kwekufambisa kana mhemberero.

IItaly Pavane, inopinda maharabhuro ematare emamwe nyika, yachinja. Yakava rudzi rwekutamba "mutauro". Nokudaro, chiSpanish chinokonzera kubuda kwe "pavanilia", uye chiFrench - kuti "passametstso." Mimhanzi iyo pasi yakanga isina kuitwa yakanga inonoka, mbiri-yakabatwa. Nziyo dzokurumbidza dzinoita kuti pave nechirevo uye nguva dzinokosha dzekuumbwa. Iko kutamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwakabuda mufashoni, yakachengetedzwa mumabasa emimhanzi (P. Attenyan, I. Shane, K. Saint-Saens, M. Ravel).

Tarantella: chimiro chemutauro weItaly

Tarantella - dhanzi revanhu veItaly, rakachengetedzwa kusvikira nhasi. Anoshuva, ane simba, rhythmic, anofara, asingatauri. Mutambo weItaly dance tarantella ikadhi rinoshanya yevagari vemo. Inoumbwa nekubatana kwemajumusi (kusanganisira kumativi) neimwe ejection yemakumbo zvimwe mberi kana kumashure. Yakatumidzwa zita reguta reTaranto. Pano panewo imwe shanduro. Zvakarehwa kuti vanhu vakagumiswa nekatangara tsandanyama, vakaratidzwa nechirwere-tarantism. Chirwere chacho chakange chakafanana zvikuru nemarabhosi, kubva kwavari kuedza kuporesa mukugadzirisa kwekusasiya kwekufambisa.

Mimhanzi inoitwa musingareruki matatu-yakarembera kana yakakura. Anokurumidza uye anofara. Special features:

1. Kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakakosha (kusanganisira keyboards) nezvimwe zvishandiso, zviri mumaoko evatambi (madamba uye castanets).
2. Kusina mimhanzi yakawanda.
3. Kuvandudzwa kwezviridzwa zvemimhanzi mukati mezwi rakazivikanwa.

Rhythmicity inherent in the movement in his compositions was used by F. Schubert, F. Chopin, F. Mendelson, P. Tchaikovsky. Tarantella ichiri chinyararire chetambo hwevanhu, nheyo dzayo dzinowanikwa nevose vanogara. Uye muzana remakore rechi21, rinoramba richidhura zvakanyanya pamhemberero dzemhuri dzinofadza uye kuroorana kunoshamisa.

Pizza: a clockwork dance fight

Pizzika ishanyo yeItaly dance, yakabva pane tarantella. Yakava mutambo wekutamba wevanhu veItaly folklore zvichienderana nekuonekwa kwezvake zvakasiyana. Kana tarantella inowanzoita mutambo mukuru, iyo pizzic yakave yakasiyana pairi. Kunyanya maawa akawanda uye ane simba, akawana mamwe mapepa akafanana nehondo. Kufambisa kwevatambi vaviri vanofanana ne duel, umo vanofara vanopikisana vanoita nharo.

Kazhinji zvinowanikwa nevasikana vane mazita mazhinji. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuita mhirizhonga yakasimba, mukadzi wechidiki akaratidza mavambo ake, kuzvimiririra, mukadzikadzi ane chisimba uye, somugumisiro, kuramba mumwe nomumwe wavo. Vakatasvi vemabhiza vakakundwa nechisimba, vachiratidza kuyemura kwavo mukadzi. Uyu munhu unhu humwechete hunokosha chete ku pizzicism. Mune dzimwe nzira, anorondedzera chido cheItaly chido. Akapiwa mukurumbira muzana remakore rechiXVIII, pizzic haina kurasikirwa nayo kusvikira nhasi. Inoenderera mberi kuitwa pamashizha uye pamitambo, mhemberero dzemhuri uye mitambo yemitambo uye ballet.

Kuonekwa kwerudzi rutsva rwekutamba kwakaita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwakakodzera mumimhanzi. Inooneka "pizzicato" - nzira yekuita mabasa nemitengeranwa yakakodzwa, asi kwete zvirokwazvo nehuta, asi nekuisunga. Semugumisiro, mhere-mhere zvakasiyana-siyana uye nziyo dzinooneka.

Mitambo yeItaly munhoroondo yenyika yakawanda

Kutanga sehutori hwevanhu, pakapinda mukati memahara ballrooms, mitambo yakawira murudo munzanga. Paiva nechido chekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kwekuti kwete nokuda kwechinangwa chekuraira uye unyanzvi. Vadzidzi vekutanga vaongorori vaItaly: Domenico da Piacenza (XIV-XV), Guglielmo Embrio, Fabricio Caroso (XVI). Izvi zvinoshanda, pamwe nekukudza mafambiro uye maitiro avo, yakashanda senheyo yekusimudzira nyika ye ballet.

Zvichakadaro, pane zvinyorwa zvaive zvakashamisika mumasango ekumaruwa uye mumaguta ekudhanha vachitamba saltarella kana tarantella. Maitiro eItaly ane shungu uye anofadza. Nguva yeKuzvarwa kwemazuva ano inoshamisa uye inokudzwa. Izvi zvinoratidzawo mitambo yeItaly. Nhaka yavo ndiyo nheyo yekusimudzira unyanzvi hwekudhika munyika yose seyakazara. Zviratidzo zvavo zvinoratidzira nhoroondo, unhu, manzwiro uye pfungwa dzevanhu vose kuburikidza nemazana emakore.