Day yorusununguko rakazara Leningrad kubva blockade Nazi (1944, January 27)

Patova nemakore anopfuura 70 kubva nguva apo mauto eSoviet pakupedzisira akakwanisa kusimudza blockade pamusoro Leningrad, iyo yakatora nguva refu uye zvinotyisa mazuva anenge 900 uye nousiku. Mauto yeNazi vakakomba guta rechipiri anoisvokosha muSoviet Union muna September 1941. Asi pasinei dzakawanda dzinotyisa hondo, kugara kutokonora uye kubhomba, chinonyanya kukosha tsika, yezvokutengeserana uye enyika Nhongonya Soviet wehurumende akanga kupikisa incredible kumanikidzwa nomuvengi.

Pashure paizvozvo, murayiro German vakasarudza kutora kuchamhembe guta iri mhete. Uye pasinei zvakanga vomumaguta uye varwi Red Army, asi ivo vachiri arasikirwe rinopfuura revanhu kuedza kusvika, sezvadzaigona, zuva kusunungurwa Leningrad wakakwana kubva blockade Nazi. Zvinosuruvarisa, kwete zvose achiripo kusvikira zuva rinokosha.

Wokutanga blockade chando

Zvakakosha kutaura kamwechete kuti kukombwa Leningrad akanga wakapindwa kwete chete mauto eGermany. By ruoko kuFinland Army, Navy, uye wokuItaly, uye Spanish "Blue Division", uye vazvipiri vaibva kunyika dzakawanda dzeEurope. The guta akagurwa kubva napamwe anenge chose. Munguva yokukombwa chikuru Mugwagwa, iyo anopa vanhu vayo zvokudya munguva chando mwaka, waiva mugwagwa upenyu. Saka akadana nzira kuti vakamhanya mhiri chando kweLake Ladoga. Vagari vakatambura incredible nematambudziko uye ndizvo vakaenda kusvikira, kusvikira pazuva kusunungurwa Leningrad wakakwana kubva blockade Nazi.

Asi chando mugwagwa vasingagoni zvakazara kufukidza zvose zvinodiwa rimwe guta guru kudaro. Somugumisiro, Leningrad akarasikirwa, maererano nokufungidzira siyana, kubvira akawanda zviuru zana kuti hafu yemiriyoni vemo. Ruzhinji vanhu vakafa nokuziya nenzara uye hypothermia kunokonzerwa chakasimba pokuperevedza kwezvokudya uye peturu. Wokutanga blockade muchando 1941-1942 kukanyanya kwazvo, saka mukuru kurasikirwa Wakauya panguva ino. Zvadaro, wedzerai nani zvishoma, uye vomuguta vakakwanisa kuronga mapurazi, pashure izvo nhamba yevanofa ungaderedza yekudyidzana.

vhidhiyo chisimbiso

Zvinosuruvarisa vagari vakawanda havana kumirira nguva apo zuva rakasvika anosimudza yakazara blockade pakati Leningrad. peji ino WWII ndomumwe kupfuura inotyisa uye umhare munhoroondo yacho. Mumwe inoda chete kuyeuka njodzi dhayari vakanyoresa wokuchikoro Tani Savichevoy. Pane mapeji mapfumbamwe chete, matanhatu izvo zvakatsaurirwa kuna kufa kwake chizvarwa vanhu - hama, hanzvadzi, mai, mbuya uye vaviri nanasekuru.

Zvechokwadi, dzinenge nhengo dzose dzemhuri akafa wechando kukombwa wokutanga, kubva December 1941 kusvika May 1942. The musikana chaizvo chete akanunurwa uye akatizira huru. Asi sezvo Tanya utano yakavhiringidzwa kwazvo nokushayiwa zvokudya zvinovaka mwedzi yakawanda, iye akafa makore maviri gare gare. Akabva aiva nemakore 14 chete okuberekwa.

Pakupedzisira zuva rakasvika zvakazara vaizoitwazve ari Leningrad blockade. Somugumisiro Papera, Tanya achiri zvakaipa. mukoma nasisi akapona, uye kuburikidza navo pamusoro wake Blog akadzidza yose. Zvinyorwa izvi vava mumwe zviratidzo kuti zvinotyisa blockade. At rokuNuremberg miedzo Tanya kuti dhayari chaipiwa sezvo uchapupu utsinye uye utsinye yechiFascist utongi.

kukunda mugwagwa

Muna January 1943, Red Army, vavesa incredible kuita uye kupfeka muhondo huru nhamba Mauto aro vakaperekedza kuvhiyiwa bumbiro-anonzi "chimvari". Nokufamba mauto ake pamusoro Volkhov uye Leningrad fronts vakatadza kupaza German kuzvidzivirira. Somugumisiro, riitike yakamanikana mukoridho Zara pamwe Lake Ladoga. Pairi uye rakadzorerwa nyika kutaurirana zviri rakakombwa guta huru.

On nzvimbo iyi pfupi motokari rwakagadzirira mugwagwa uye njanji mutsetse, iyo vainzi "Anodiwa kukunda." Pashure paizvozvo, nyika nomukana kuva nerubatsiro guta nezvokudya uye huni, uyewo kubvisa zhinji rehurumende vakawanda, kunyanya vakadzi nevana. Asi ichi hachisi kuguma blockade pakati Leningrad. guta Liberation Day achauya chete pashure pagore.

The yokuchinja

Muna 1943, Red Army akanga zvinoverengeka zvinokosha zvine urongwa kushandiswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira Hondo Stalingrad, hondo iri pamusoro Orel-Kursk, muna Donbas uye Dnieper. Somugumisiro, kubudikidza 1944 pakava yakanaka chaizvo nemamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvikuru akauya zuva kusunungurwa Leningrad wakakwana kubva blockade Nazi. January 27 zvichaitika, asi kusvikira zvino mauto eNazi achiri kunoisawo nengozi. Wehrmacht haana kurasa ayo kurwisa kugona, sezvinoratidzwa vemauto akavhiyiwa rinoitwa navo. Mukudzora kwake vachiri guru zvikamu mundima USSR.

Pakazosvika nguva mberi yechipiri muna Western Europe asati wawanikwa, uye zvakanga mumaoko yeNazi Germany, sezvo vanobvumira Hitler kunyatsotora kurwa nesimba ravo rose kumabvazuva. akavhiyiwa avo muchiuto kuti yaiitwa muna Italy, haana migumisiro uye anoita pasina kuchinja Wehrmacht. Naizvozvo zuva kusunungurwa Leningrad wakakwana kubva blockade reNazi yairamba vambomira.

Urongwa kusunungurwa guta

Panguva chaipo kuguma 1943. The zvazvingava asarudza kutanga nhevedzano inovhuvhuta ichienda mauto muvengi. Vakaronga Kurwisa kubva Leningrad kusvikira paGungwa Dema, Kunyanya kumikidzo pachiuno Soviet-German mberi.

Chokutanga, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti aputse boka wehondo "North", guta Leningrad kiinura uye kuregedza Baltics. On kumaodzanyemba mirayiridzo aifanira kubvisa yechiFascist mauto Crimea kwete chete, asi Kodzero-Bank Ukraine, uye ipapo vanoenda pamuganhu Soviet Union.

kusunungurwa Leningrad wakakwana kubva blockade Day achiuya, sezvo kwavaigona, varume 2nd reBaltic, Volkhov uye Leningrad fronts, uyewo mauto kuBaltic Fleet.

Kurwira Northern Capital

The tsamwisa yakatanga musi waJanuary 14. Tiine oranienbaumin bridgehead akaenda pamusoro kutambudzwa 2nd kuvhunduka, uye zuva rakatevera - uye 42 fung Army of Leningrad Front. Pakarepo navo uye Volkhov. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti vanhu muvengi vakanga rakanyatsorongwa kudzivirira, uye panguva iyoyo akapa mikukutu nemishonga. Uyewo ari kumhanya ari Red Army rinoitei marshy musango. Uyezve, yaJanuary nyungudika akatanga pakarepo kudziviswa achifambisa zvombo.

Mazuva mashanu pashure pakutanga tsamwisa mauto eSoviet vakakwanisa kusunungura Red Village uye Ropsha. Panguva ino, Peterhof-Strelna yechiFascist boka rakanga rakakombwa uye zvishoma kuparadzwa uye vakasara yaro - zvikanyauka muguta rakakombwa kwenguva 25 km. Under chete dzokutyisidzira akatendeuka Mga chokuita, asi vokuGermany nguva yokubva mauto ayo. Zuva kusunungurwa Leningrad wakakwana kubva Nazi blockade (1944) iri kusvika nokukurumidza. Zvichakadai, Red Army akadzinga vanopinda nechisimba kubva mamwe maguta.

Novgorod vakabvumirwa

Zvino musi January 20. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pamberi hondo Novgorod yakanga yava dzetsika, zvesayenzi uye mumaindasitiri muzinda zvikuru. Zvakaoma kufungidzira, asi mune imwe yenzvimbo maguta ekare Russian akapukunyuka nezvivakwa hapana zvinopfuura 40. Kwete akaponesa vaNazi uye zvivako zvikuru unyanzvi yekare uye mapurani. Zvakaparadzwa zvachose kereke St. Peter uye Pauro Kozhevniki uye Muponesi pamusoro Ilyina. Kubva pavo pakanga chete marangwanda charred masvingo. Nicholas uye St. Sophia Cathedral zvishoma kuparadzwa uye vakapamba. Novgorod Kremlin ari kukuvadza chaizvo.

Zvinoita sokuti chikonzero kuparadza zvikuru muguta aigona kuva plan utungamiriri German echiuto uye enyika. Rakati kuti Novgorod nyika dzakanga pasi kufamba kuMabvazuva Prussian colonists, saka pano akaedza kuparadza zvose uchapupu enhoroondo netsika pamberi pavanhu Russian. Kunyange shongwe kuna Millennium kweRussia, yave namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara. VokuGermany vakanga vachienda akariisa kuti smelter.

remagandanga mufambo

Mazuva gumi pashure kusunungurwa Novgorod, mauto eSoviet vakakwanisa dzinga vokuGermany Slutsk, Pushkin uye Krasnogvardeisk, kuuya panguva iyo rwokuyera dzakaderera kunosvika rwizi Luga. Ikoko, vakatora bridgeheads akawanda. Panguva iyoyo kwakawedzera uye Soviet partisan dzakabatana uchishanda munharaunda idzodzo. Kuti varwe navo, murayiro German akakanda rechiuto nomumwe nomumwe aivapo munda mumapoka, uye munhu kuchengeteka kupesana. Achipindura, Central Partisan Headquarters vaibata dzakatevedzana inovhuvhuta ichienda rwemberi yechiFascist mauto.

Kusunungurwa Northern Capital

Pakupedzisira, rakasvika zuva kwenguva akamirirwa vachisimudza pamusoro blockade pakati Leningrad (1944). January 27 redhiyo vemo verenga kubva mashoko sezvakarayirwa varwi Leningrad Front. Akaudzwa kuti blockade rinobviswa chose. Pashure makumi ezviuru inoshamisa yokupona vagari aro nevanozvitsigira vakamhanyira mumigwagwa.

Gedye pa 20:00 rakaitwa 24 volleys kubva 324 pfuti, dzakanga achiperekedzwa mafayawekisi, uye backlight pamusoro antiaircraft searchlights. MuMoscow, zvakare, vaiva yakatarwa atirari kusaruta uye hwemoto. Sezvineiwo, nokuti guta riri Neva takaita chete Kusara munguva yehondo. Vamwe mafayawekisi vakanga raparurwa chete muMoscow.

zvimwe pachine

Pasinei chokwadi kuti zuva kusunungurwa Leningrad wakakwana kubva blockade Nazi paakazosvika, Red Army akaramba kurwisa kuenda mauto eGermany ari Luga, kuti Narva uye Gdov nzira. VokuGermany akapindura nerokuchema counterattack. Dzimwe nguva vakakwanisa kutora mune zvimwe Red Army encirclement. February 4, mauto eSoviet aiuya akasunungura Gdov, vachibudisa kuna Lake Peipsi. February 15 vakakwanisa kupaza Luga kuzvidzivirira mutsetse.

Somugumisiro remapazi, mauto edu akaparadza refu kudzivirira yechiFascist nechisimba uye vakadzinga kuBaltic States. Heavy vachirwisana kusvikira March, asi zvakadaro, Red Army rakakundikana kusunungura apo Narva. Volkhov Front yakanga emauto akadzingwa mabasa uye mauto ayo zvaiendeswa chikamu chimwe - Leningrad, uye mumwe - the 2nd reBaltic.

In chitubu 1944, mauto eSoviet akasvika kuvanzwira tsitsi rakavakirirwa mutsetse German "Panther". Asi kweinenge mwedzi miviri dzamarudzi uye hasha kurwa, Red Army akatambudzika huru nezvinhu zviri midziyo uye manpower. Uye ari mumamiriro yokushomeka zvombo! Naizvozvo, mwero vakasarudza kutamira mauto kuzvidzivirira nzira.

Chirangaridzo zuva

Muna 1995, zvakanga kushandisa mutemo yeUnited, maererano iro rinopembererwa musi waJanuary 27 - Day kubwinya uto Russia (Day yokuputsa blockade kuti Leningrad). Muna 2013, President akasaina gwaro idzva musi uyu. Zvaiva zvimwe zviitiko pamusoro zita idzva: Zuva Military Kubwinya Yakazopiwa zita rokuti paZuva Liberation pakati Leningrad kubva blockade Nazi.

January 27 - chiratidzo ushingi, incredible nhamo, chibayiro heroism sezvo varwi Soviet, uye vagari vanhuwo. Mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vakakurwirai Leningrad, akanga paakavapa siyana ehurumende mibayiro. 486 Vanhu vakatanga kupfeka chepamusorosoro chinzvimbo Hero of Soviet Union, pamwe vasere vavo - kaviri.

ngano muchiuto

Pasinei chokwadi kuti chero bedzi paine izvi zvinosuwisa kuti kwakaitika makore anopfuura 70, musoro kuchamhembe guru blockade ichiri hotly nharo. Mamwe masayendisiti enyika uye kare Nokuverenga kuti kana udzvinyiriri Stalin hurumende akabvumira ipapo kuzvipira guta nemauto eGermany uye Finnish, zvimwe vakakwanisa kudzivisa zvibayiro zvisina kufanira kwakadaro kudivi vanhuwo zvavo, uye 27 January - zuva kusunungurwa Leningrad rakakwana - asingadi kudaro kusuruvara munyika munhau.

Vachiti, vanhu vanokanganwa kuti Northern guta rinokosha muchiuto uye zvine urongwa chinhu. hwakundwa dzaizondisema zvakakonzera irreparable yakaipa kungaita Zvaizobuda hondo. Chokwadi kuti Leningrad rakaitirwa kumativi pacharo mauto zvikuru romuvengi, unova boka wehondo "North". Atapa guta, mauto eGermany yaigona muAtlantic kuti taramba Moscow kana kukunda eCaucasus. Uyezve, iyi mamiriro ezvinhu zvakanga zvakafanira kufunga tsika chinhu, sezvo kurasikirwa Leningrad kuti kukanganisa zvikuru morale kwete chete weSoviet vanhu, asiwo Red Army yose.

Zvarongwa Germany uye ayo nevatsigiri

Utungamiri Nazi havasi chete tichiverenga pamusoro kubatwa huru muchiuto, mune zvematongerwo enyika uye mumaindasitiri pakati Soviet Union, riri guta riri Neva. Zvinonzi aronga chose Leningrad. Uye uchapupu ichi chinhu kupinda mu dhayari yake, chinoitwa mukuru weuto Staff Frantsem Galderom Germany. Rakati kuti Hitler akakurayirai inonzwisisika chisarudzo pamusoro Moscow uye Leningrad, unova kudiwa "equalize navo panyika." Maguta aya ane vanhu vazhinji kuchengeta uye kufudza vanhu vokuGermany vakanga vasina kuenda.

Kunze Finland kwakauraya Leningrad yose, uye Hitler vakavimbisa kumupa nokukurumidza vanoparadza nzvimbo. Vaidavirawo kuti basa muguta yakawanda vanhu hazvina zvinobatsira, sezvo guru zvokudya mumatanda zvakadaro havana. Kubva ichi mhedziso yokuti "vokuEurope yakabudirira", izvo vokuGermany uye Finns vaionekwa uye vakauya kuzoparadza guta Soviet zvachose uye vanhu vayo vafe nenzara.

Chero zvakanga, asi mukuru kukunda rave akahwina, uye zvakadai zororo sezvo paZuva vaizoitwazve ari blockade pakati Leningrad (ra1944, January 27), pane, uye vanhu vanoyeuka zvibayiro kutambudza nyika pamusana kurwisa Kuedzwa nechisimba German uye vatsigiri vavo.