Mabasa Lermontov ari chikoro hweutungamiri. Kudzidza Lermontov kuchikoro

Okugadzira zvinhu Russian Classic Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova tose tinoziva vachiri kuchikoro. mabasa ake hunoumba purogiramu yokudzidzisa fanira. Chero Genre ose Lermontov uye inimitable shasha, kunyange zvazvo aiona pachake haana zvakakwana vakakwana kudhindwa pedyo ake mudzidzisi uye chidhori Pushkin. Ndicho chikonzero akatanga kubudisa mabasa ake chete pashure pokufa Alexander.

Mabasa Lermontov ari chikoro hweutungamiri

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov aiva matarenda uye pakuridza murume, kuti muupenyu hwake hupfupi chaizvo akakwanisa kusiya zvizvarwa zvedu nemagariro pfuma zvisingaverengeki muchimiro nhetembo, nhetembo, enganonyorwa, pfupi nyaya, enganonyorwa, etc. Panguva iyoyo, akawedzera kubatana pakati geniuses mukuru Russian mabhuku dzenhoroondo ane basa inodzidziswa mukirasi. Mabasa Lermontov ari chirongwa yechikoro otaura vana kuti kutarisirwa vanhu panguva vakanga akafuridzirwa uye kuti kuuraya. Lermontov kuti nhetembo rakanyorwa nenzira dzakasiyana chaizvo, akanaka uye yepakutanga mutauro. Vakawanda vachiri kuyeuka nomusoro wacho nhetembo "Borodino" uye vanoziva nemabasa akadai yakakurumbira se "musungwa Caucasus", "Haji-Abrek," "ruzivo," "Demon," "Kufirwa nyanduri", "nechikepe", "Dagger" "Duma", etc.

"Hero Chenguva Yedu"

Kuti uwane zvakadzama kudzidza okugadzira zvinhu M. Yu. Lermontova rakasiyana mumwe zvaakasika waibatanidzwa chikoro hweutungamiri. Kwavari ndiko yokufungidzira "A Hero Chenguva Yedu", iyo Lermontov akaonekwa somunhu chaiye mabhuku innovator 30-40-ies yacho XIX remakore. musiki Great mubasa rake kudanana mirayiridzo. nganonyorwa ake rakanyorwa prose ane chepakutanga rokusika yokutaura kuti cyclization nzira. Akatibereka raikosha mufananidzo Pechorin - murume, akava okushamisira wayo breakaway nguva.

Basa pacharo hausi anotevedzana nezvenyama urongwa, uye rine zvachose nyaya, essays kufamba, nyaya uye diaries. zvitsauko zvitanhatu aigona kuronga yakatosiyana hurongwa. Asi Lermontov asiri kukosha, uye kuti nechekumberi tinorasikirwa zvakawanda chaizvo kuona unhu gamba Pechorin, ake mufananidzo uye ake nazvo. Narrator nyaya kushumira vanhu vatatu: mumwe mucherechedzi - rokufambira mukuru, shamwari yake inomubatsira - Maksim Maksimych, uye mukuru hunhu - Grigory Pechorin.

First muverengi surfactant Pechorina zvepfungwa inoongorora, ipapo muudzame, uye pakupera pane gobvu psychoanalysis. The nganonyorwa "Hero Chenguva Yedu" Lermontov rakanyorwa muna 1840, chete gore isati unosuruvarisa duel. Uye zvinenge pakarepo rakadhindwa muna St. Petersburg kubudiswa Ilya Glazunov.

"Nechikepe"

The "nechikepe" rechitanhatu giredhi vadzidzi vanotanga kuongorora akakurumbira nhetembo. Lermontov akanyora kunyange somudzidzi vava kuda kuchinja zvikuru uye muedzo kwaari, apo vachifamba pamhenderekedzo Gulf Finland muna 1832. Aiva nemakore 17 chete. Nokuda vakapopotedzana kudzidzisa nomudonzvo, akamanikidzwa kubuda University of Moscow uye kukanganwa basa nyanzvi. Aifanira kutamira St. Petersburg uye kuenda murindi chikoro warandi vakuru uye Cadets. Uye saka vaiita nhetembo "nechikepe" Lermontov akaisa zvose murangariro wake uye pfungwa pamusoro wake zvekare uye remangwana hainyatsozivikanwi haisati pachena.

Nhetembo ine stanzas matatu, iyo kupa maitiro inopenya mifananidzo, enhetembo rwiyo, manzwiro ruzivo uye kukura mupfungwa zvakadzama. Nechikepe iyi anoita somunhu lyrical gamba, pamberi riri kuchinja seascape. Uye izvi ndizvo zvinoratidza ake mupfungwa mamiriro. Mufananidzo gungwa chiratidzo upenyu dzinokanganisa uye majana, uye seiri - ndiye mweya wemunhu. Nechikepe kumushora okunze, uyewo murume pachake, mugungwa nematambudziko ezuva nezuva, izvo akatosimba ndakasurukirwa pakati chete vanhu achiumburuka ikoko.

"Dhimoni"

Maererano chikoro kwakarongwa, vana vanodzidza mumwe basa yepakutanga chaizvo - the nhetembo "The Demon". Lermontov, kufanana vanyori vakawanda Russian kuziva mifananidzo mweya yakaipa, uye nokudaro anoshandisa chevarwere epics, ngano uye zviitiko dzemubhaibheri. In detembo rake "The Demon" Lermontov anonyevera sei mano munhu, sei nyore aigona nomuedzo kuti kugehena chaiko. Nyora izvi zvinoshamisa pakunaka kwawo uye madimikira nhetembo Lermontov akatanga nemakore 15 uye akashanda pariri kwemakore 10. Zvarongwa ndiyo biblical ngano, iyo inoti Mwari chikara kubva kudenga mweya wakaipa vaishora simba rake uye aida kuti Mwari wokudenga. Uye ipapo anonzi kwaari Caucasian yekare nengano kuti gomo mweya Washington, godo musikana Nino wake anoda, vose flunked imwe aval.

Uye Demon Lermontov anosika mafungiro akafanana Washington, akanga asingazivi hasha uye mubvunzo refu chakarambwa, haana kutsvaka pokugara, azvidza zvavasingakwanisi munguva uye nzvimbo okuvapo kwevanhu. Uye pakarepo akakundawo - ari murudo yakaisvonaka Tamara, rudo urwu anoedzwa rikaparadzwa izvozvo, asi chete ngirozi vakaponeswa naye uye akazarura magedhi kudenga, asi dhimoni raiva zvakare oga uye nokusingaperi. Anoedza kuti vamutsidzirwezve kuburikidza haana kubuda rudo. Dhimoni Lermontov akazvidemba, uye kusuruvara ichi ruchitedzemuka mashoma mitsetse, uye nokudaro anobata mweya muverengi.

"Gold" nhetembo

detembo chirongwa School Lermontov pamusoro pokuwa vasingagoni haana kusanganisira pacharo, nekuti iyi ndiyo vakazvipira kuti "ndarama" kutenderera. Yaiva mugwenga, nyorova kwematsutso nguva kuchengetwa nyoro kudanana mweya muduku nyanduri, uyo yachinjwa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva rakapfava uye anozvininipisa mukomana excitatory uye irrepressible mukomana aiva nguva mapfumo pasi upenyu kare uye kwete achizviona sechinhu maturo. Iye inoyemura kutsakatika zvakasikwa uye pachisikirwo imwe okuguma kutenderera muupenyu uye zvino kugadzirira tobvuma chero dambudziko achagadzira naye. detembo chirongwa School Lermontov pamusoro pokuwa vasingagoni batidza.

"Autumn"

Lermontov "Wirai" akanyorwa 1828, paaiva nemakore 14 chete okuberekwa. detembo iri raiva rimwe pachena mienzaniso nyanduri kuda mai hunhu. Paakanga kudzidza mumba chebhodhin'i uye kugadzirira kupinda University. Achisiya chikoro, akasvika ake chizvarwa mbuya vake munda muMoscow uye rakawanda vachifamba, kumuyemura yomunharaunda musha zvinokukanganisa. Zvaiva imomo kuti akatanga akarumbidza kunoshamisa runako, kubwinya noukuru Russian hunhu. Akanga ashanyirwe neMuse mashiripiti, akatanga kushanda, uye awane detembo kukuru. detembo Lermontov pamusoro Mumatsutso vanodzungudza ake anoshamisa melodic uye yakanaka kurondedzerwa ichi isingafadzi mwaka, iro nguva dzose rinounza chiedza Doukyu zvatoitika uye kuzadziswa tariro.

"Kufirwa nyanduri"

Lermontov akadzidza mabasa pachikoro kwakarongwa, uye anosanganisira yakakurumbira nhetembo "Kufirwa nyanduri." Lermontov, Pushkin aiva chifananidzo, agara basa rake kuyemurwa. Naizvozvo, kungoerekana rufu Pushkin waiva Michael ndisingafungiri uye akaita neshungu huru uye kuvhunduka. It mwoyo akanyora nhetembo iyi, iyo anodzipomera conspiratorially yakakwirira munzanga zvirongwa pamusoro nyanduri kukuru. Nhetembo "Kufa nyanduri" ine zvikamu zviviri, okutanga anotsanangura nenjodzi yakaitika January 27, 1837. Uye hachisi Dantes Lermontov inozivisa muurayi, kunyange hazvina mhosva, uye yakakwirira munzanga, uyo ndokuseka mudetembi uye kazhinji pamukana wose anyadziswa uye vakagumburwa naye. Lermontov blames ari pedyo yeChina Nyanduri uyo akaurayiwa muna kunyengera, mashoko asina maturo nokurumbidzwa uye pathetic kuzvipembedza. Kunyange Lermontov Mitsetse dzavo aitaura chokwadi kuti Pushkin aiziva muurayi ake kumeso uye chikonzero rufu rwake, rwaakanga yakafanotaura munhu kufembera achiri muduku.

In chikamu Lermontov chechipiri mhosva vanonzi "uduku yendarama" wamadzibaba nomukurumbira zvino, Chokwadi, vasarangwe. Zvisinei, akanyevera kwokutonga kwaMwari, pamberi iyo, pakupedzisira mumwe nomumwe wavo uchava kuoneka. Nokuti detembo iri akashinga Lermontov akatumwa muutapwa kuCaucasus. Ipapo chete, kufanana Pushkin, achaurayiwa vari duel.

mhedziso

Mudetembi vasingagoni kwaunoita, pasinei kuedza kuti vavengi vake. Mabasa Lermontov ari pachikoro kwakarongwa, kugara chikamu guru. Mudetembi akabatana basa mibvunzo ake husingaperi kwouzivi kuti vagara vanhu, aiva mupanduki uye kunopesana kuratidzwa zvose hurongwa nyika. Nguva, akanga akaita vatambi vake, naiye akanzwa, akatambudzika uye vanodiwa. nevakwegura, unhu hwake kwazvo zvakafanana Pushkin, vose vaida kutarisirwa uye akwezvwe wake, sezvo kwavaigona, dzimwe nguva dzisina musoro kusekwa ari muchimiro epigrams kana freestyle maitiro panguva evanhu balls, uyewo vachida uye kutukwa. mweya wavo akatunhidzwa aiva pangozi uye havaratidzi kudzivirirwa, saka nguva yokuti upenyu Mwari akavapa vakasvimha. Asi hazvisi pasina kuti akararama. Zvino tinogona chete kudada kwakadaro zvikuru vanhu vakararama pasi pano. Zvino vava pfuma chaiyo mabhuku Russian.