Makhnovshchina - ndiko anarchism kana ugororo?

Makhnovshchina - sangano panguva Civil War, iro dzematongerwe izvo akanga zvinoitwa anarchism. The zita rinobva nezita mutungamiriri vapanduki - Nestor Makhno. In nhoroondo Civil War, mufananidzo Nestor Makhno achiitei nzvimbo inokosha, ichi ngano gamba, uye ari mukuru mabhuku ndiyo zvikuru akaipa mufananidzo romuvengi, zvematongerwo mushingi, gororo. Nzira idzi usamira kukwira kutsoropodzwa, kushaya udzamu yakakwana, zvakakomba vhidhiyo hunogutsa. Ivo makasika chifananidzo chakaipa haasi chete munhu asi yose mananara evanhu upenyu, dzakadai Makhnovshchina munguva Civil War.

Apo kufamba akaberekwa Nestor Makhno?

Mavambo anogona kunzi sezvo 1918. Makhnovshchina munguva Civil War aiva zvikuru munzanga asian. Mauto achitungamirirwa Makhno akaenda kumaodzanyemba Katerinoslavshchina vanhuwo zvavo, vaiita basa pokugadzwa simba yeSoviet muUkraine rokutanga hafu cha1919. Yakanga inenge iyi zvavanoita uye anotaurwa mubhuku rino. Ipapo nzira Makhnovists uye Red Army akatanga diverge mberi uye mberi. Pasinei neizvi, vapanduki vakaita basa rinokosha mune pokukundwa Denikin, Wrangel uye ipapo.

Nestor Makhno - unyanzvi murongi

In hondo vavengi Revolution, Nestor Makhno akaratidza unyanzvi murongi uye yepakutanga remagandanga wavarwi. Under utungamiriri hwake panguva dzimwe nguva vakabatana makumi ezviuru vanhuwo zvavo.

At mwoyo kusiyana Makhnovists uye zviremera Soviet kuisa kuramba miduku yokuruwa wokuti "hondo komiyunizimu", uyewo maonero akasiyana pamusoro Bolsheviks uye vapanduki pamusoro mamiriro muchinangwa kuvaka gutsaruzhinji. Pashure pakatanga matsva zvoupfumi wokuti ruzhinji vanhuwo zvavo vakasiya Makhno mauto. Makhnovshchina - sangano vakatanga kuwana chimiro enyika gangsterism. Zviri pachena, chokwadi ichi uye akaita Makhno, uyo akanga ari kuramba kurohwa pamusoro Red Army, kurega zvimwe kurwisa muna August 1921 kuyambuka muganhu neRomania.

Mugumisiro Nestor Mahno anarchistic kufamba

Zvisaririra maonero ake anogona kuwanikwa Makhnovshchina. Bato iri rava mhando "brainchild" pamusoro Nestor Makhno. Vapanduki anowanzonzi hapana chimwe se "baba."

Uyu mupanduki rokuremekedza vaidada uye kazhinji vaitendawo paruzhinji magwaro.

Pakazopera 1918 Nestor Makhno akakwanisa vabatane pasi ake murayiro ruzhinji mupanduki mapoka kushanda mudunhu. Panopera 1918, Nestor Makhno, pamwechete mauto eSoviet aidzidza ushingiwo kushanda akandosungawo Ekaterinoslav, asi kubudirira kwenguva refu. Dhorobha aifanira kupfuura pamwe zvinokosha nezvinhu.

Nestor Makhno uye hurumende yeSoviet

Muna February 1919, chibvumirano pamusoro panopindwa mauto ake wacho wakasainwa mudonzvo Nestora Mahno mu tsvuku Zadneprovski Division sezvo 3rd Brigade Zadneprovski. Makhnovshchina - sangano akasiyanisa ushingi iri hondo kuzorwa nevarwi Entente uye chena muchirimo cha1919. Vakanga ratorwa Mariupol. Asi pakati vapanduki uye Bolsheviks pakanga unopinza kusiyana Pfungwa nyaya. Makhno vaisagona kuziva nheyo udzvinyiriri pakati proletariat uye "hondo komiyunizimu", kunyanya nderwevaya uye socialization hwokurima. kuzvipokanidza izvi vava zvinowedzerwa Kunyanya simba muchirimo cha1919, kwakaita kuti vaviri kupomerwa uye vakava chinhu chinogumbura ukama pashure Trotsky yakatanga hondo kuzorwa "partisan" iri wokuUkraine mberi.

Basa anarchist kufamba ari kukundwa weuto A.Denikin

Muna August 1919, Nestor Makhno vakazivisa nokuumba wakazara vapanduki hondo echimurenga rweUkraine. Her takawana aisimbirira pakurwisa Denikin, uyo panguva iyoyo akatora pamusoro dzakawanda Ukraine, uye akatungamirira zvinobudirira kunogumbura musi Moscow. Muna September Makhno kupinda pfupi kubatana pamwe Army Ukrainian People Republic pamusoro kwemajoini Varwisei Denikin. In hondo Peregonovka pedyo Uman Makhnovists vakaputsa kwazvo mukuru echiShinto chena, ipapo akaita nokukurumidza vakapararirazve shure chena kumaodzanyemba Ukraine, ipapo mumatsutso 1919 kusvika vasina kurongeka zvachose. Makhno panguva ino guta Aleksandrovsk, Berdyansk, mijenya Nikopol, Mariupol, Melitopol. chinokosha ichi waitwa General A. Denikin yepamwoyo vamabhiza zviumbu zvakabviswa Bolshevik mberi uye kukanda navo vakandimukira. Izviwo, akabvumira tsvuku kumisa kufambira mberi Anton Denikin, uye kuti vavimbezve ravo nyasha. Asi nguva ino dzakazara kubatana tsvuku Makhno akakundikana.

Kamwe Denikin ngozi kwave kukurirwa, Red Army kubva January 1920 akatungamirira kurwa kuti aparadze Makhnovist. Muzhizha 1920 akaita okupedzisira 3 kurwisa Left-Bank Ukraine, zvavo, nokuputsa 1400 mamaira. In kuwa 1920, zano rakashandiswa zvakare Makhno muhondo pamwe nehondo General Wrangel. Makhnovist vamabhiza akapinda mukati rwemberi chena, muchirongwa kuyambuka Sivash uye Perekop kutsemuka kuzvidavirira uye Yushuni. Pakarepo shure kubatwa of Crimea tsvuku enderana pakavanda yakatanga kushanda mutsva kuparadza vapanduki.

Makhnovshchina, gore zvisikwa zvinogona kunzi muna 1918, akava anyatsoona kwakabatsira zviitiko Civil Hondo munharaunda Ukraine.