The Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: pfupiso. The Feat yeSoviet vanhu vari kurwisa kwechiFascist

Kubva September 1939 akagumisa pfupi nguva yorugare pakati maviri hondo huru remakore rechimakumi maviri. Makore maviri gare gare, uchitongwa Nazi Germany yakanga yakakura chikamu Europe ine guru kugadzirwa uye upfumi zvinogona.

A airwadza aifanira kuuya pasi Soviet Union, iro Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). Executive Summary iyi nguva munhau Soviet Union havagoni kutaura ndeyokuti kutambura kwakatsungirirwa muSoviet vanhu uye ayo heroism.

Pausiku nemiedzo nemauto

The kumutsidzirwa simba German, kugutsikana nemigumisiro World Vokutanga (1914-1918), pamusoro utsinye izvo vachisvika bato musimba panotangira nemadhimoni Adolf Hitler, yayo dzematongerwe marudzi ukuru akaita ngozi yehondo itsva kuti Soviet zvikuru uye chaivo zvikuru Union. By pamugumo 30, idzodzi vari kuramba kupinda kupinda vanhu, zvinonzwisiswa zvakajeka, uye ane simba rose mutungamiriri rakakura nyika, Stalin.

The nyika ichagadzirwa. Vanhu vava pakuvaka nzvimbo iri kumabvazuva kwenyika yacho, kuSiberia uye Urals akavaka vemauto mafekitari - kaviri maindasitiri kuti yaiva kumadokero miganhu. In mupomerwi indasitiri paakapiwa yekudyidzana zvikuru zvemari, dzevanhu uye kwesayenzi pfuma pane yevagari. Kuwedzera migumisiro basa mumaguta uye mune zvokurima akashandisa Pfungwa (Stakhanov kufamba) uye vanachandagwinyira administrative zvishandiso (mitemo utongi kurayirirwa ari mafekitari uye mumapurazi).

Reform weuto akanga kuitwa mutemo pamusoro yezvisikwa kuhondo (1939) akatanga kudzidziswa kwakapararira zvechiuto. Yakanga iri inifanduri, parachuti zvikwata, aero AND club pa Osoaviahima akatanga kudzidza nemauto sayenzi ramangwana masoja-magamba Patriotic Hondo 1941-1945. Akavhura zvikoro zvitsva muchiuto, yakatanga mhando itsva zvombo, kurwisana idzodzo vakaumba mberi mhando: warrior uye kuenda neherikoputa. Asi nguva yakanga isina kukwana, kurwa unoda mauto eSoviet akanga muzvinhu zvakawanda akaderera kupfuura Wehrmacht - hondo Nazi Germany.

kukuvadza Great kwakaita ndakazoona kuti Stalin maererano simba vavariro yakakwirira murayiro. It kwakaguma muna monstrous udzvanyiriri, cheka kusvika zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu mukuru Corps. Pane shanduro vakaronga zvainditsamwisa ungwaru German muchiuto, kutsiva akarova magamba mazhinji hondo, vakaurayiwa purges.

vatorwa zvinhu

Stalin uye vatungamiriri venyika vaida kutirambidza European hegemony pakati Hitler (England, France, USA), aisagona kusikira hondo isati vakabatana Anti-yechiFascist mberi. mutungamiriri Soviet, mukuedza kunonoka hondo akaedza kuonana naye Hitler. Izvi zvakazoita kuti kusaina muna 1939 Soviet-German chibvumirano (chibvumirano) vasiri utsinye, riri haakonzeri kuti convergence vehondo Anti-Hitler.

Somugumisiro, hurumende yakatadza pamusoro kukosha runyararo sungano Hitler. June 22, 1941, Wehrmacht uye Luftwaffe pasina rokuzivisa hondo vakarwisa kumuganhu wokumavirira of USSR yose. It zvakandishamisa zvakakwana mauto eSoviet uye simba yakavhundutsa Stalin.

Zvinosiririsa ruzivo

urongwa "Barbarossa" akabvumirwa muna 1940 ne Hitler. Pasi zano iri, kukundwa of USSR, ari kubatwa kwayo guru akatsaura mwedzi mitatu yezhizha. Zvino zano akatakurwa pakutanga kubuda pamwe zvakarurama. vechikamu vese yehondo anorangarira anenge tariro Kukanganisika nemakore zhizha 1941. Masoja mamiriyoni 5.5 German pamusoro mamiriyoni 2,9 Russian, zvachose ukuru mu zvombo zvehondo - mumwedzi kare uye vakabata Belarus, kuBaltic States, Moldova, zvinenge zvose rweUkraine. Soviet nezvinhu - vasungwa miriyoni vakaurayiwa 1, 700 zviuru ..

Chinozikamwa waiva ukuru German unyanzvi murayiro uye kuzvidzora - aitambura muchiuto muhondo ruzivo, kwakanga kwatopfuura hafu Europe. Unyanzvi anofambisa akakomba uye akaparadza boka rose pana Smolensk, Kiev, munharaunda Moscow, iyo blockade kuti Leningrad anotanga. Stalin akanga vasingagutsikane zviito chikwata chavo uye kuita zvavaisiita udzvanyiriri - akapfurwa kuti hurumende General Pavlov, mutungamiri Western Front.

Vanhu hondo

Kunyange zvakadaro, urongwa aHitler akanga kuparara. USSR akamira zvakasimba pamusoro hondo akamira. Created nokuda Supreme Command kudzora mauto uye dzibatane yose nyika rinodzora - State Defence Committee, akatungamirirwa neMweya-simba rose mutungamiri Stalin.

Hitler aidavira kuti nzira Stalin kwakaita eutungamiri wenyika yacho, pamutemo udzvanyiriri pakati vakadzidza, mauto, vanhuwo zvavo akapfuma uye rose avanhu achaita pokuwa mamiriro, kuti chidzoke ane "cheshanu mbiru" - sezvo akanga ajaira muEurope. Asi iye miscalculated.

Kuvengwa nechisimba varume pemigero, mukadzi ari pabhenji, vakwegura uye vaduku nevana. Hondo Huru ichi sei njodzi munhu wese, uye kuhwina yezvisikwa voltage raida mauto. Zvibayiro zvavo kukunda kunounza kwete chete nokuda vavariro pfungwa, asiwo nokuda tinozvarwa uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika, akanga midzi muna pre-echimurenga kare.

Battle of Moscow

Wokutanga kurwisa chaizvo nechisimba vacho pasi Smolensk. The umhare kuedza kurwisa pazuva guru Dzakachengetwa imomo kusvikira pakutanga September.

By October matangi ane michinjikwa zvombo kuenda kuMoscow, nepfungwa rokutora guru Soviet pamberi kuchitonhora. Inouya nguva yakaoma zvikuru mumakore Huru Patriotic War. MuMoscow, akazivisa mamiriro okukomba (10/19/1941).

Nhoroondo nguva dzose kuramba rechiuto achimisa pamusoro musi unoenderana October Revolution (11.07.1941) sechiratidzo chivimbo chokuti Moscow uchagona vadzivirire. Mauto uye varwi vakanga achisiya Red Square ngaatarire mberi, inova 20 makiromita kumavirira.

Muenzaniso nemishonga masoja Soviet vakatanga kushandisa 28 Red Army varwi kubva weboka General Africa. 4:00 Vakabata budiriro boka 50 Matangi panguva mhesano Dubosekovo uye kuurayiwa, akaparadza 18 motokari zvechiuto. magamba aya ari Patriotic War (1941-1945) - chete chiduku chikamu Haufi chemazana chehondo weHondo Russian. Zvibayiro zvakadaro vanoberekwa muvengi kupokana mukukunda, vachisimbisa Ushingi nevanozvitsigira.

Kuyeuka zviitiko hondo, mutungamiri Western Front pedyo Moscow, Marshal Zhukov, uyo Stalin akatanga kusimbisa basa agara kuchiratidzwa pakuti kudzivirira guru mutengo kuti kubudirira kukunda muna May 1945. kunonoka Chero muuto muvengi zvaiita kuponesa simba nokuda pakaunda-kurwisa: vari vakamhanyira kuMoscow matsva chikamu kuSiberia mapoka. Hitler akaronga kurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu yechando, vokuGermany vakatanga anonetswa nerubatsiro mauto. Pakazosvika December, kwave pakachinja pakurwa nokuda guru Russian.

nokuchinja kukuru

Zvisingatarisirwi Hitler tsamwisa of Red Army (12.05.1941 g) akakanda vokuGermany pamusoro zana nemakumi mashanu mamaira kumavirira. Uto Nazi vakatambura kukundwa yaro yokutanga munhau dzayo, anokunda hondo chirongwa rakakundikana.

The tsamwisa kusvikira April 1942, asi kune kusingarapiki kuchinja nzira hondo kure kure: chinoteverwa chikuru kukundwa panguva Leningrad, Kharkov, Crimea, vokuGermany kusvika Volga pa Stalingrad.

Kana Vanyori chero nyika akataura Guru Patriotic War (1941-1945), mumwe ezviitiko hazvisi pasina Hondo Stalingrad. Kuti masvingo eguta vakatakura zita chematenga muvengi yaHitler, atanga rova, zvakakonzera pakupedzisira kuti kuparara.

kudzivirira guta rakanga kazhinji inoitwa pedyo muhondo, nokuti mumwe chimedu ndima. War verusununguko tara isina kumboitika uwandu hwevanhu uye michina zviwanikwa zvinobatanidzwa kumativi ose, uye kupiswa nomoto hondo Stalingrad. VokuGermany akarasikirwa kota mauto - hafu yemiriyoni bayonets, mamiriyoni 2 - kurasikirwa kwedu.

Zvisati nemishonga varwi Soviet ari kudzivirira uye chin'a nehasha kurwisa, pamwe vakawedzera tactical unyanzvi murayiro akapa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kubatwa 22 Mapoka 6 Army Field Marshal Paulus. Results muchando yehondo yechipiri zvakashamisa Germany uye yose. History of Hondo 1941-1945 mararamiro, zvakava pachena kuti Soviet Union kwete chete vakapona wokutanga amurove, asi vanongoerekana kubata munhu simba muvengi kutsiva.

Kwokupedzisira pavaipfuura yakachinja muhondo

A mienzaniso mishoma utungamiri netarenda murayiro Soviet rine Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). A ezviitiko ose 1943 - dungwerungwe anoyevedza Unobata Russian.

Spring 1943 akatanga aine tsamwisa muSoviet fronts zvose. The configuration nechemberi mutsetse zvisiri mungozi encirclement Soviet Army munharaunda Kursk. German mashandiro tsamwisa inonzi "nhare" chaiwo chinangwa ichi inokosha, asi Red Army Command akapa kunowedzerwa kuzvidzivirira munzvimbo vaida budiriro, panguva imwe chete kugadzirira reserves kuti pakaunda-inogumbura.

The tsamwisa German mukutanga July akakundikana kupaza okuchengetedza Soviet chete nzvimbo kuti kudzika 35? Km. History of War (Makore 1941-1945) anoziva musi pakutanga kupfuura motokari hondo kurwa kuti kuzvidzora propelled michina. Kuchipisa July zuva, rechi12, 1,200 dzehondo zvokuchenesa vakatanga kurwa murenje pedyo nomusha Prokhorovka. VokuGermany - ichangoburwa "Tiger" uye "Panther", muchiRussia - the T-34 pamwe mutsva, pfuti zvikuru simba. Kukundwa vokuGermany akagogodza kubva mumaoko yaHitler chombo tsamwisa kubva motorized Corps uye neuto reNazi vakatamira munyika zvine urongwa kudzivirira.

Pakazopera August 1943 akanga unonyangadzwa Belgorod, Orel, uye Kharkov akasunungurwa. Nokuti makore mashoma okutanga Huru Patriotic War, tanga akabata Red Army. Zvino veuto German vaifanira zvokufungidzira apo zvichava kutanga kurwa.

Mumakore gore, uto venhoroondo akasimbisa 10 akavhiyiwa dzinonetsa kuti kwakatungamirira kusunungurwa ndima wakabatwa muvengi. Kusvikira 1953, ivo vainzi "10 Stalin kuti zvibhakera."

The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945): pfupiso vemauto kushanda 1944,

1. Removal Leningrad blockade (January 1944).
2. January-April 1944: Battle of Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket, kubudirira kurwa vari Right-Bank Ukraine, musi March 26 - kuenda kumuganhu neRomania..
3. Crimea rusununguko (May 1944).
4. Pokukundwa Finland muna yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, ayo kushaya kubva hondo (June-August 1944).
5. fronts Four tsamwisa mu Belarus ( "Bagration" mashandiro).
6. July-August - hondo kumadokero kweUkraine, Lvov-Sandomierz Kurwisa.
7. Yassko-Kishinev oparesheni muvavhunduse mapoka 22, asi goho kubva Romania uye Bulgaria hondo (August 1944).
8. Batsirai reYugoslavia partisans IB Tito (September 1944).
9. Kusunungurwa kuBaltic States (July-October wegore iroro).
10. October - kusunungurwa Soviet uye Circumpolar North-mabvazuva Norway.

Kupera muvengi basa

Pakazosvika November, USSR mundima kumiganhu pre-hondo yakabudiswa. Ndokuguma nguva basa kuti vanhu Belarus uye Ukraine. mamiriro ezvinhu enyika yanhasi inoita zvimwe "vatungamiriri" kupa neGermany rinenge sezvo zvakanaka. Zvakakodzera kubvunza Belarusians vakafirwa pamusoro zvakaitwa "vokuEurope yakabudirira" ose wechina.

Ndosaka mazuva okutanga vemamwe nechisimba muna dzatorwa vava partisans. Hondo 1941-1945 ari mupfungwa iyi yaiva ungira pakati pehondo 1812 , apo vamwe nechisimba European havana kuziva rugare mundima yedu.

kusunungurwa Europe

European rusununguko chirongwa vakarayira kuti USSR sanzwisisika dzevanhu mutengo uye vemauto pfuma. Hitler haana kubvuma pfungwa yokuti musoja Soviet achauya ivhu German, kukanda kuhondo mauto zvose zvinobvira, akaisa pfuti pasi ravakuru navana.

Weboka chokupedzisira. hondo dzinogona kuonekwa wenyaya mibayiro dzakatangwa nehurumende yeSoviet. Soviet masoja somununuri vakagamuchira Medals hondo 1941-1945 dzakadaro nokuti kusunungurwa kuBelgrade (20.10.1944), Warsaw (01.07.1945), Prague (May 9), nokuti kubatwa kweBudapest (February 13), Königsberg (April 10), Vienna (13 April). Uye pakupedzisira paakavapa kuti varwi kuti storming kweBerlin (May 2).

... Uye ini ndinouya May. Kukunda kwakaratidza kusaina pamusoro isiyo Kuregwa mauto eGermany musi May 8 uye June 24 kundoita achimisa pamwe kutora chikamu vamiririri vose fronts, maoko uye mabasa.

Victory Great

bheja Hitler kwakaita kurasikirwa vanhu zvikuru. The nhamba chaiyo yevanhu nezvinhu zvichiri nharo. Rokuvakazve maguta akaparadzwa, kugadzwa management zvaida makore akawanda rakaoma basa, nzara uye kushayiwa.

Siyana zvino dzinoongororwa uye migumisiro hondo. Geopolitical kuchinja kwakaitika kubvira muna 1945, nemigumisiro yakasiyana. Miganhu acquisitions of Soviet Union, kuti chidzoke pamusoro mugovanisi kwomusasa uye kusimbisa enyika kurema Soviet Union kuti superpower mamiriro nokukurumidza zvakatungamirira nebope uye kusimudza kusawirirana pakati chingashamwaridzana kunyika iri Second World War.

Asi chikuru zvabuda havasi pasi chero dzokororo, regai kuvimba maonero enyika kutsvaka pakarepo kubatsira. MuHondo Yenyika II, nyika yedu akadzivirira rusununguko uye rusununguko, vakakundwa muvengi akaipa - the mutakuri monstrous dzematongerwe chinogona kuparadza marudzi ose, haana kwaari vanhu Europe.

Ko nhoroondo, vatori pakati kurwa, vana hondo - kare vakwegura, asi kuyeuka hondo kuti vachararama kwenguva vanhu vanokwanisa kunzwisisa rusununguko, kutendeseka uye ushingi.