Varwi, izvo akaponesa Russian statehood

MARARAMIRO anopamba

Kusunungurwa Moscow kubva Polish nechisimba muna achabatira ndangariro vomunyika yedu iri rakagara richidudzirwa vairemekedza chimwe chezvinhu umhare Zvikamu munhoroondo Russian. Chiitiko ichi chiri kupfeka ndima ine akangwara shure Kutuzov kubva guru muna 1812, izvo zvakaita kuti kutiza Napoleon kubva Russia. Uye pamwe kudzivirira Moscow muna 1941, akavigwa urongwa blitzkrieg pamusoro Adolf Hitler. Nhasi, chiitiko ichi chine chokuita nehurumende-pamwero pazororo - National Unity Day, inomiririra vanhu varwi vari chiso occupier.

nguva Troubles

Pakutanga nemanomwe remakore aiva nesimba bvunzo nokuda Russian nehurumende. The inonzi munhoroondo chikoro mabhuku, "Nguva Troubles", akanga chokuita zvose munyika nematambudziko, nzwisisika, uye munenge yakawedzera kwokunze vavengi. WokuLivonia War kuguma navatanhatu chizvarwa remakore vakabvuma zvakakomba zvoupfumi, hombe-pamwero nzara it serfdom, kukura makakatanwa ari munzanga uye, chokwadi, kuderedza uto rine hurumende. Against ichi nakwo, kudimburira dzinza raitonga youmambo, magariro uye kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika, kakawanda misha madzimambo pachigaro choushe Muscovy akaita nyore uye muedzo vatorwa. Rinokosha uremu uye simba munzvimbo vawana muvakidzani kumeso wePolish wehurumende, kuwana zvichida mukuru maruva kwesimba rayo munhau yacho. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, imwe hondo Russian-Polish, yakatanga muna 1609, akakurumidza kwakaita kuti kuwa dzinoverengeka zvinokosha nhare Russian (kufanana Smolensk uye Kaluga) uye akapukunyuka, uye gare gare rufu Venhema Dmitry II uye pakupedzisira kuti basa mauto hwaMambo Moscow Sigismund III.

mukurumbira kusagutsikana

The basa kwemakore maviri - kubva mumatsutso 1610 kusvika matsutso 1612. Zvaive munguva iyi vakabata chiitiko, rinozivikanwa varwi. Kana uto dzose vakazvipira kuti akasimba anokumhan'arira, kuvafarira aifanira kutora mauto zvevanhu. First varwi akatanga kuoneka mukuvamba 1611 nokutanga uye kudzorwa nomunhu anokudzwa Procopius Lyapunov. Kuvaka Poles uye kufarirwa yakakurumbira mauto chakaitika pakutanga pasi achinyepera rokudzivirira nyika Orthodox raMambo Catholic. Bet pamusoro pfungwa pokutenda aiva rudaviro kukuru pakati pavanhu, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu, unokosha musiki varwi vakava Patriarch naHerimogene, ugodana kurwisa.

Performance kwakaitika January 1611, apo mauto yavarwi uye Cossacks pamusoro Ryazan, Novgorod nemamwe maguta vakatamira Moscow. Zvisinei hondo inokosha kwakaitika March, kana mazuva Moscow maviri kwehasha womoto, vamwe mauto Polish vakapamba chezvipo, kugadzirira mumusiye,, nokuda kusiyana mumusasa vapanduki ebhizimisi vanhu nevarwi vakanga vakundikana uye rakaparadzwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuedza kusunungura guru wakasiya havana. Uye mumatsutso 1611 muna Nizhny Novgorod, akatanga kuumba munhu mutsva National nevarwi. Misoro pake nguva ino mabharani akatanga mukuru Kuzma Minin uye Dmitry Pozharsky muduku wamambo, akakurudzira vanhu zvakare kudzivirira Orthodoxy. Chechipiri varwi akaramba achishingaira kuumba munguva nekutambira 1612, kuchipedza vakasara akakundwa rokutanga People Uto, uyewo pakusanganisirawo mapoka matsva veguta uye vanhuwo zvavo zviri nechepakati kumatunhu. Muna April 1612, huru mauto evapanduki vari kusimbiswa Yaroslavl, apo ari dzimbabwe guru remauto mhando rakavambwa - "Council Pasi Rose".

Makatodzinga Poles

Nokuti yechipiri yezana August, vapanduki akakwanisa kupinda rakakombwa Moscow uye kukombwa dzomunyika masvingo eguta, achiteverwa Poles akanyangarika. Hondo huru yakakundwa ravarwi Hetman Yana Hodkevicha uye rakatorwa Kremlin, Moscow, pashure iyo kusarenda pakupedzisira vakasunungurwa.
Saka, basa vanhu varwi haringanzi dzakanaka mune Russian mamiriro nemari.