Injini mafuta arambe achirema. Sei uye nei uchifanira kuziva arambe achirema mafuta injini?

Pakusarudza mafuta injini, vatyairi vanotungamirirwa nezviyero zvakasiyana. Nokuti peturu chikwata kunoratidzwa pamusoro kavha yacho indekisi S, nokuti Diesel injini - C. Chinonziwo anotungamirirwa zvimwewo. Somuenzaniso, akasarudza chakaita zvokugadzirwa, Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa kana chicherwa nechimwe; mafuta akasiyana viscosities zvichienderana inodziya kana inotonhora mwaka. Asi kazhinji vakasarudzwa aonekwa achangopfuura makore, nokudenga lubricating Urume. Panguva iyoyowo kutungamirirwa viscosity indekisi, izvo ndakarumbidzwa ari mugadziri.

Pane imwe parameter inokosha - the arambe achirema mafuta injini. Pairi ichakurukurwa munyaya.

The inokosha ehupfumi kwemafuta

Pakati huru unhu chokuita lubricating zvinwiwa, ndivo zvinotevera nenhamba:

• mafuta Density Injini uye yakananga negiravhiti. Chokutanga izwi iri nhamba vhoriyamu vakawanda. Density unotaurwa makirogiramu muzana cubic mita. Pano zvinokosha kuziva nhamba kureva zvakawanda reshiyo zvinodhaka kuti uremu mvura. Both ehupfumi vari tembiricha kuzvimiririra.
• Viscosity - mutengo aishandiswa kutsanangura fluidity. It inobvawo pamusoro tembiricha. The viscosity kunoyerwa muzvikamu dzakawanda: muna Stokes centistokes uye mativi metres kana millimeters kwechinguva pamusoro SI maitiro yakayerwa.
• The mbaravara pfungwa uye kudurura pfungwa. Chokutanga nzira iri kuwedzera kupisa panguva iyo vapor vari kwepfumo panguva mharidzo kuti rakavhurika womoto. The chakarurama wechipiri makabuda tembiricha yakaderera panguva iyo mafuta haina zvachose flowability. Izvi zvinogona achiratidza zvinodiwa chubhu.
• Acid nehwaro nhamba inoratidza uwandu chigadzirwa inodiwa neutralization chokwadi chokuti asidhi uye alkaline zvigadzirwa uchingounganidza ari lubricating mvura panguva oparesheni.

arambe achirema

The arambe achirema mafuta injini chinhu chinokosha chaizvo paakati, iyo inotaura nhamba vakawanda kuti vhoriyamu. Zvinonzi chokuita compressibility uye viscosity. parameter ichi yekudyidzana chinobata simba wakatomborwira panguva hydraulic hutachiwana, uye anoratidza simba romugove riparadzirwe. At yakakwirira arambe achirema vakawana nokuderedza ukuru hydraulic hutachiwana, pasina kuchinja simba. With kuwedzera kumanikidza kuti arambe achirema anotanga kuwedzera.

Kana kushandura arambe achirema mafuta injini pa 20 madhigirii, zvinokwanisika kutaura pamusoro zvinokanganiswa injini. Kufunga fananidzo arambe achirema kuti peturu uye Diesel mafuta ane arambe achirema, zvinoitika kuti ekupedzisira nhamba achava kwirirei. Nokudaro, ingress peturu kupinda noukama kuchaderedza kuti arambe achirema ukoshi. Panguva iyoyowo, mvura kuva anenge 1,000 makirogiramu / m3, pamusoro Zvakatosimbisa kuchawedzera. Izvi zvichaitika nokuti ane kukosha yakakura kupfuura injini mafuta arambe achirema makirogiramu / m3 (ine chete 880). Vakapiwa maitiro aya, unogona akaverenga Somuenzaniso, imwe mhosva iri crankcase kufefetedza kana injini kutonhora hurongwa.

Ukama pakati arambe achirema uye viscosity

Kupatsanura, chichiratidza arambe achirema mafuta injini, havapo. Asi pane imwe, inonzi SAE. It anosarudza kuti mafuta viscosity parameter. mafuta Winter inoziviswa pamberi tsamba W. Vari akakamurwa kubva 5W kusvika 25W. Somuenzaniso, zita rokuti 5W mafuta inokwanisa kushanda panguva yechando kutonhora anosvika makumi madhigirii pazasi razero. A rokuti 10W oparesheni zvinoreva kukwanisa kubvisa makumi inegumi. Asi mafuta injini ine edza 20W, ucharizadzisa chete panguva frosts chaizvo duku. Hazvina varumbidzwa kuzadza, kana kunze pangozi yokuva zvakare chando.

Rokuti mafuta zhizha kazhinji anoda kubatsira kubva 10 kusvika 60. Pane refu tembiricha lubricating mvura inofanira kuva pasi viscosity ehupfumi.

The arambe achirema vamwe vsesezonok

Pasinei nokuti arambe achirema mamwe injini tsvina mafuta haisi novimba viscosity indekisi, zvinokwanisika kuti ndezve kuziva zvimwe mapatani. Mukuwedzera, mugadziri inoratidza mufananidzo ari nokurondedzerwa.

Somuenzaniso, zvinozivikanwa kuti 0,87-0,9 - anozivikanwa arambe achirema pamusoro 15W40 gwenya mafuta pa madhigirii namashanu. 0,857 makirogiramu Index Kazhinji kuva pane imwe yechando muchiso 10W. A arambe achirema vanenge 0,85 5W40 vachatitaka motokari mafuta.

Summer zvazvingava pa makumi maviri akaenzana 0,861 makirogiramu / L, uye nenguva makumi mashanu - 0,875 makirogiramu / l.

Munguva ichangopfuura, zvikuru kwose kwose lubricants wakagadzirirwa mvura kugona kushanda zvakafanana zvakanaka muzhizha uye muchando, anonzi multigrade anonhuwirira. Kushandiswa kwavo zvikuru upenyu vatyairi, izvo havachafaniri kutya kuti uchakanganwa kuchinja mvura pamusoro panowanikwa inopisa mwaka, kana, Ukuwo, inotonhorera nyore.

hydrometer

Nokuti arambe achirema chipimo kushandisa mudziyo inonzi hydrometer. Izvi ichiyangarara zvakagadzirwa negirazi, pamwechete kutsigisa igwa iri pasi lämpömittari pakati uye nhete chubhu ine chikero pamusoro.

The midziyo yaiswamo mafuta kwenguva kwemaminitsi matatu kana mashanu uye kutora kuverengwa nedanda rechikero. mafuta Density Injini (makirogiramu / l) pana imwe tembiricha rworwendo mazana maviri. Kana kuyerwa zvakaitwa pamusoro tembiricha zvakasiyana, mugumisiro wacho kugadziridzwa maererano runoenzanirana tafura CCITT.

arambe achirema chipimo

Kuona ehupfumi ari lubricating Urume inoshandiswa hama ayo arambe achirema akanga dzaona kubva reshiyo mafuta arambe achirema kuti arambe achirema mvura panguva tembiricha makumi mana madhigirii (pa zvakaenzana mavhoriyamu).

Density chipimo rinoitwa sezvinotevera.

1. The mafuta yakadururirwa girazi chinu ari tembiricha rworwendo makumi maviri.
2. Nyatsoongorora kudzikisa hydrometer zvokuti hazvina kubata masvingo ngarava.
3. Papera maminitsi mashoma, vakabata nhumbi pa ziso sandara, kuti kuyerwa vachitsigira tembiricha kuverenga. Density akatsunga maererano chinokosha tafura.

Somuenzaniso, zvinozivikanwa kuti arambe achirema mafuta Diesel injini zvichisiyana makirogiramu 890 kusvika 920 / m3, uye gwenya peturu - kubva 910 kusvika 930 makirogiramu / m3.

pfungwa iyi kunobatsira kuenzanisa ehupfumi dzakasiyana lubricating zvinwiwa. Zvisinei, izvozvo chete havagoni kutonga kunaka mafuta rose. Kuti aite izvi, kufungawo ruvara, iro pachena pamusoro chigadzirwa uye zvimwe zviratidzo.