Shanduro dzakawanda sei Baty haana kuenda Novgorod

Active negwaro kubvuta nyika itsva iri 12-13 emakore vakasuwa vakabatsira kuti kukura runochengeta pastoralism uye chido kukomba isingabviri pfuma ngano pedyo zvikuru dzakabudirira. Asi kurwisa Novgorod, Batu haana kutora nzvimbo. Sezvo muArabhu yakabereka chinhu asi zvokudya zvavanoda, zvoumbozha ivo yakakanganisa kana kosi wezvokutengeserana, kana (izvo zvaiwanzoitika) iri nedanho zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye ugororo. Munyika dzakavakidzana, kuti eMongolia akaona kuderera uye munyika kukakavadzana, mukana kuti kutanga hondo dzokukunda vakanga vakakwana. Ngationgororei kuti nei Baty haana kuenda Novgorod.

Kukura Genghis Khan nezvinenge muzana remakore rechi13

Great Mauto Khan kuti akakunda zvinotevera:

• Central uye Middle Asia.
• Southern Siberia.
• Khorezm pakati umambo maviri.
• North eCaucasus.
• Akakunda mauto Georgian-Armenian uye Alans.
• Gungwa Azov.
• Russian-akakunda Polovets kushamwaridzana pap. Kalka.

Pakafa Genghis Khan muna 1227 zvarinoroora of Mongol Empire yakakamurwa dzikava ulus akawanda. Vatongi vave vanakomana vake nevazukuru.

Mutongo Mongolian rwendo kuna West

Mutongo kukunda Russian nharaunda rakaitwa mukuru musangano Mongol kwamachinda (Kurultai) muna 1235. Mongolia kwazvo kugadzirira hondo. machinda akawanda, uye navakuru, uye zvakanakisisa nukers eMongolia vakatora chikamu mu izvi refu utsinye. Sezvo wokumavirira umambo pakuva muArabhu vakaenda Batu, muzukuru Genghis Khan, akashingaira idzi vapfumi nyika. Chinangwa chaiva Eastern Europe.

Kutanga nechisimba Batu

Kuti adzivirire shure kwake, Batu akakunda marudzi Polovtsian pakutanga, ipapo vakaparadza Volga Bulgaria. mamiriro Izvi havasisipo. Muna 1237 hondo anongofamba akaenda pamusoro North-Eastern Russia. The eMongolia vakapisa panguva nechisimba uye noutsinye akaparadza maguta zvinotevera:

• Ryazan akawira pashure okukomba pavhiki.
• Yechinopiwa Kolomna, Tver, Pereyaslavl, Moscow.
• Pashure 4 mazuva okukomba, yaaigara uye akapisa Vladimir.
• 2 weeks heroically madzivisa, asi zvino Torzhok akawira.

A kuwanda nezviduku misha of North-East kweRussia vakaparadzwa, pamwe vanogara munguva matsutso-yechando makore 1237-1238 nguva. Kutanga kwematsutso mvura uye nekusagona kutama inorema ngoro pamusoro madhaka pasi akava mumwe zvikonzero Baty haana kuenda Novgorod. The eMongolia havana kusvika guta vamwe 100 km.

Nechisimba Batu nemauto wechipiri

Akaramba mauto anopamba Papera gore, zvakare mumatsutso-yechando. Yakabata Crimea, akawa uye chakatsva Kiev, Galich, Vladimir-Volyn, mamwe maguta kumaodzanyemba nokumadokero Russia. Batu akabva vakakamura hondo yake. Part akaenda kuPoland uye Hungary, mumwe - kuBaltic kumhenderekedzo.

Sei Baty haana kuenda Novgorod? Nokuti mauto ake vakatamira kune rimwe divi. Akakunda Sandomierz, Lublin, Krakow, Wroclaw. Polish uye German Knights vakakundwa. Mongol vazhinji achiitei Hungary, Austria, Croatia, kuDharimatiya, Czech Republic, vakasvika Vienna, kusvika Venice. Anokunda kubatwa Europe Batu vakaputsa ndagamuchira mashoko pamusoro afa Khan Udegeya muna Karakorum. Zvisinei, kwete Paakadzokera kuMongolia, Batu Khan akavamba hurumende iri rezasi Volga, waiti Zolotaya Orda. nemiganhu yayo akatambanudza kubva Danube kusvika Irtysh.

Asi chii pamusoro Novgorod?

Mubvunzo apo Baty akakunda Novgorod, ane mhinduro imwe: hazvina kuitika. Wechipiri Mongol kubvuta aisava chete rutsigiro. Batu akatungamirira kupambwa mundima vakapararira munhevedzano kurwiswa. Khan, achiratidza simba rehondo hondo yake, akakurudzira guta kuti vazviise yayo Nuker. Chete musoro akaramba nemisha zvakaparadzwa.

Nokuzvidira aisa kugarwa aibhadhara indemnity Khan mabhiza, zvokudya zvevanhu nezvemhuka. Mukuwedzera, hondo muArabhu nezvipfuwo zvavo uye ngoro aisagona kurwa maererano hova, masango, nzizi uye anezvimiti. Ndicho marshes uye yechirimo nyungudika kechipiri kudzima mushandirapamwe Batu Novgorod uye akabatsira zvikuru guta kuramba haripindiki.

Panguva iyoyowo, Novgorod akadana kudzivirirwa wokuLivonia Knights vavamba North-West kweRussia, Aleksandra Nevskogo. Zvichida kuvapo muduku uyu mukuru ane chikwata vakaitawo anunure kubva nomad vachirwisa guta.

Chimwe shanduro mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti nei Baty haana kuenda Novgorod, anoti mushure yechando mwaka mumisha Russian vari kushanda hapana reserves zvokudya mhuka. Paradza musha, achitora akagadzirira chando uswa vanhuwo zvavo, muArabhu zvokudya mabhiza avo uye nenzombe. Vaifanira kumisa munzvimbo rechiuto chiito, sezvo pakanga pasina zvokudya mombe dzavo.