Mauthausen wevasungwa muAustria mapikicha. Vasungwa Mauthausen wevasungwa

Mauthausen aiva mumwe yakaipisisa rufu mumisasa. Raiva pamusoro munharaunda Austria uye raiva kupfuura munyika. Panguva Kuvapo Mauthausen mairi rakauraya vasungwa vanopfuura zviuru zana. Vasungwa vose vakanga akachengetwa zvoutsinye ezvinhu, pasi kurwadziswa, zvakapfurikidza, uye marudzi ose kushungurudzwa.

Creation mumwe musasa wevasungwa imhosva pamusoro pavanhu. Zvino pane zvirangaridzo wandei pakuyeuka noutongi hweNazi.

History chokusika

Wokutanga misasa yevasungwa ndokumisa pamusoro munharaunda Third Reich achiri matatu rechitatu gore. Pakutanga, ipapo vakaiswa dissenting utongi hweNazi. Zvisinei, gare gare ava mujeri kudzorwa. Zvakagadzirwa vanobatanidzwa Theodor Eicke, musiki SS mauto "Totenkopf". Gore matatu namasere, nhamba vasungwa kwave zvinoshamisa kuwedzera. Shure "usiku wakaputsika nezvionioni" vaJudha vose vari mundima Third Reich vakatambudzwa. Vazhinji ukabatwa dzaiunzwa yevasungwa. Pashure ivo Anschluss vasungwa zvainge kaviri. Mukuwedzera kuvaJudha, uye kushorwa kuti mumisasa vakatumirwa uye vanhu vaifungidzirwa kuti havateereri.

ekisitenjeni

Nokuda vakawanda vasungwa SS aida musasa itsva. Vakanga yakavakwa munyika panyaya yokukurumidzira. Mauthausen wevasungwa akavaka pachavo vasungwa, avo vakaunzwa kubva kuDachau. Vachavaka dzimba uye fenzi. vakavaka nzvimbo haana kusarudzwa netsaona. Pedyo ndiyo yakazova mhesano kuti inoita chokuendesa vasungwa nezvitima. nzvimbo yakanga dzakati vakawanda uye sandarara. Vamwe nguva aiva matombo aro. Naizvozvo, dzomunyika yeAustria vakawanda havana kutomboziva kuti inotevera kwavari ndiko wevasungwa Mauthausen. vanotenderwa ndandanda vasungwa pakavanda, zvokuti kunyange yeAustria zviremera vaiva nepfungwa isina kujeka pamusoro tirongo.

kushandiswa First

At nzvimbo Mauthausen dzimba dzaiva deposits pakati girenayiti. Kwemazana emakore akanga yakataurwa yomunharaunda pavaiputsa. Nokuti zvinyorwa zvose, zvivako zvitsva vaionekwa mamiriro.

Asi kukura chaiko akatenga German muzvinabhizimisi. Kutsigira kuvaka yakaitwa kubva nhamba oga nyaya. Kunyanya, davi international sangano "Red Cross" German akaita dzinounzwa inokosha mari kuti wevasungwa Mauthausen. Ndandanda vasungwa pakutanga zvaisanganisira chete vemhosva. Asi musasa wacho vanogona kuramba basa.

Zvisinei, pakazopera murayiro matatu namasere vakatanga zvachinja. Pashure pakasvika vaJudha, vechiGypsy enyika vasungwa makasimba kugadzirwa quotas. Eicke akatanga aite kuchinja zvose mumisasa. Pakutanga kurongwazve ari Dachau zvachose. Discipline akasungirirwa, zvave kurwadziswa uye vakawanda mutongo. Kurindwa nevakuru chaiwo vepamusoro SS dzakabatana.

kushandurwa

Negore ramakumi matatu namapfumbamwe rokubata Mauthausen inova yoga mumusasa. Ikozvino awo vose pamusoro Austria. Paiva ebetsero misasa anenge mashanu. Vakanga iri munharaunda zvimbambaira, maindasitiri mafekitari nedzimwe emakambani, izvo zvakafanira rinorema chaiko basa. Zvisinei, chikuru kunzwisisa yakanyorerwa kwerunyararo vasungwa. Inenge zvose vasungwa dzimwe nyika uye dzemitambo rehondo, kutanga vakauya kuna Mauthausen. Pashure kurwiswa Poland Akakurumidza kuchinja madzinza Zvinoumba vasungwa.

Kubva mabvazuva akatanga kusvika nhapwa vokuPoland muchiuto uye nhengo pachivande nemishonga. Sezvo akawandisa vaJudha Polish. Vanokwanisa kwomusasa akakura. Pakazopera matatu namapfumbamwe ipapo akagara kune vanhu 100 zviuru. Rokunze mukomberedzo rakanga rakapoteredzwa norusvingo rwematombo zvikamu nemiseve waya. Kuburikidza Makwanza maduku vaiva nharire. Pakangotanga fenzi achanzi "kuungudza rusvingo." Zuva nezuva vasungwa vakanga ichavakirwa pamwe masvingo matatu uye kuitisa rejisita.

Panzvimbo ino, uye akaita chisimba mienzaniso chirango. Nemhaka yokusagadzikana, kurwara kunyange kana pasina zvikonzero vasungwa vakapfurwa pakarepo. Uyewo, kakawanda vamwe vasungwa vakabvisa uye sprayed nemvura inotonhora iri kuchitonhora uye ipapo zvinehunhu nechando.

Mhosva pamusoro vanhu

Yakanga pashure padanda nemvura inotonhora vakaurayiwa nenzira youtsinye nevaNazi muna Mauthausen wevasungwa , General Karbyshev. Maererano zvakaona, pamwe chete nevamwe vasungwa vakanga akachengetwa muchando uye doused nemvura kubva hosipaipi. Uye vaya dodged ari kutyaira, vairohwa netsvimbo. Zvino waimbova musasa ndiyo shongwe General.

Zvakananga kunze ndima, mumupata, riri matombo. Aishanda anenge vasungwa vose. Long dzinza masitepisi yainzi "Stairs Rufu". Maererano varanda vake akamutsa mabwe kumusoro. The zvikwama vakayera kilos anopfuura makumi mashanu. A yakawanda vasungwa vakafa vanomutswa ichi. Pamusana ezvinhu akaipisisa uye nesimba chete vakawira pamatanho. Rawa kazhinji akapedza kubva SS.

kuri utsinye

Vasungwa Mauthausen wevasungwa zvachose vakayeuka uye pakachena pamupata. High mira Rwodzi vaNazi nokuzvidza vachinzi "The Parachutists Wall". Pano isu dumped pasi vasungwa. Ivo kana yakadonha pasi, kana kuwira Nzira dzaifamba mvura, iyo rikanyura. Kuine dombo kukanda vanhu vaigona asingachagoni kutsungirira hellish basa. Number vakaurayiwa "rusvingo" haizivikanwi. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika yakasimbiswa kuti chete muna 1942, akabva auraya vaJudha anoverengeka zana, akauya kubva Holland.

Asi zvikuru chinosemesa nzvimbo mumusasa waiva nhamba maviri chezvakaipa. Chokutanga, akanga asina vakasiyana nevamwe mumabharaki. Mariri pakanga vagari Soviet, izvo kubva Eastern Front vakauya kuna Mauthausen. List vasungwa vehondo vakatumirwa Berlin. Kana paiva inonakidza ubanguranyika chokuzivikanwa, vakanga vatora. Vamwe vakasara pamisasa.

Mugore mana rechina uye maviri yemauto nzvimbo yakanga akanyudzwa ne rusvingo rwematombo. Tangowana crematorium. The rakashandurwa misa inogona vasungwa nengozi. Most zvamboshandiswa munyaya kupukunyuka kubva vanhuwo musungwa hondo mumisasa. "Bharaki rufu" raishandiswa sezvo nzvimbo tempering itsva varwi zviumbu "Totenkopf". Vaibvumirwa chero nguva yezuva kumhanya zvakare pamusoro munharaunda chikwata uye vangani vanoda kuuraya varanda. Gare gare, mirairo iyi dzave kwakamboitwa yose mumusasa.

Kugadzirira kupunyuka

Utsinye ezvinhu, basa rakaoma, kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, isingaperi kurwadziswa, vaiurayiwa uye Kurohwa kuratidzira aifanira kurega kuda vasungwa vose. The chinhu kudzivirira mumusasa raiva kushayisa vasungwa vanetariro. Uye vakabudirira. Vanhu kunzwisisa kuti nzira yokubuda uye chero nguva unogona kuurayiwa. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kune kutya nokushungurudzika aiva noushingi. Vasungwa Soviet akatanga boka kupukunyutsa kubva mumusasa.

The nhamba maviri chezvakaipa dzichengeterwe vasungwa vakaita nhungirwa uye vokuGermany vave kuzivikanwa sezvo ngozi. kari wavo aiva mujeri mukati mujeri. Vasungwa vakapiwa chete muzvina murombo zvokudya, izvo yakanyorerwa vamwe. "Zvokudya" Kazhinji marara uye nokupambarwa zvasara. Muchiitiko chino, achikanda naye pasi, uye chete kana yaita chando, vakabvumira ikoko. Sex dumba sprayed nemvura inotonhora usiku, airara kuna vasungwa chando mvura.

Kutiza Mauthausen wevasungwa

Vasingachakwanisi kushivirira vakuru veSoviet vakasarudza kuti kutiza. Vatungamiri yokupanduka vakava vachangosvika vezvikepe. Tiri kukurukura uchapukunyuka pfupi ndisati ndarara. VokuGermany akabvumira vasungwa kumhanya kumativi pachivanze, kuti zvimwe angadziyirwa. Kwakasarudzwa kumhanya nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Vaya vakanga ratorwa achangobva akaudza kuti vatsigiri kare kukodzera zvakatarisana.

Kubudiswa netariro zvakanga zvisingabatsiri. kuenda SS asati akapfura vasungwa chaiwo zvinogumbura.

Kwakasarudzwa tichibatsirwa iripo zvishandiso kurwisa nevarindi, uye ipapo kumhanya kupinda musango. Twentieth yemauto zvakanaka pamadziro. Three-mita namasvingo korona nemiseve waya pariri conected kuvhunduka. Four zana negumi nemapfumbamwe vanhu vanosarudza kutya tariro. About makumi manomwe wevasungwa rokupisa uye kuneta vasingagoni kufamba, akavapa dzavo refu, uye akati bhayibhayi. Mukuwedzera vasungwa vehondo Soviet, kwazvakarerekera mune Mauthausen wevasungwa chakatsigirwa wePolish uye vasungwa Serbian.

Liberty kana Rufu

Usiku, wechipiri February rioters akaputswa madhishi. Zvimedu anoshongwa akaita pfuti. Uyewo, zviri pachena kuti vaiva zvidimbu nezvidhinha, marasha, uye zvose raigona kuwanikwa. Ndakakwanisa kuwana mbiri moto. With nzeve Vanopupurira "Hurray!" Vasungwa vakamhanya rokupedzisira muhondo. Kushamisa zvakanaka kushanda, Red Army pakarepo vakaputsanya projectors akawanda uye akaparadza varindi pambiru. Achibatsirwa moto kudzvinyirira muchina-pfuti dendere. Akarikunda, vapanduki vakaparadza kudzivirirwa mamwe maviri shongwe.

Kukunda rusvingo uye waya pasi makakatanwa, vasungwa akaenda minimini. Ivo nyoro magumbeze uye zvimedu zvipfeko, uye ipapo akavaisa fenzi, izvo zvakaita kuti dunhu pfupi. Pashure paizvozvo, vanhu vanopfuura mazana matatu akaita zvavo akapukunyuka. Vakatiza kuti sango pedyo. Rimwe boka Vakarwisa pamusoro-soro kukarukureta. Mushure melee, vakabata pfuti dzakawanda, asi nokukurumidza kuwana pachavo rakombwa SS varume vakapindira.

Zvakaitwa vomunzvimbo

Mauthausen wevasungwa muAustria, iri pakati munda uye misha. Naizvozvo, pakarepo pashure kupukunyuka SS akazivisa kutanga rinokosha kushanda kukomba vatizi. To ichi vaunganidzirwe omunzvimbo zviumbu of Volkssturm, Hitler Youth uye kugara dzakabatana. Uyewo, vagari vemo akaziviswa. vanhu vanopfuura zana vakaurayiwa kunyange masvingo Mauthausen. Uye vasungwa asara ari chinogumbura vakapfurwa pakarepo. Masango nokusima muzinga siku nesikati. Zuva nezuva mhiri vatizi itsva. Panyaya iyi, vagari vemo vachishingaira akabatsira kubatwa. Kazhinji abatwa ne utsinye yakaponda. Vakaurayiwa netsvimbo, mapanga nezvimwewo kugadzirwa nzira, uye akakuvadza muviri kupfeka pachena kuratidzwa.

Braveheart

Zvisinei, vamwe vagari vachiri akabatsira Soviet vanhu, pasinei norufu. Mumwe vatizi akavanzwa mumba yeAustria varimi. Akapupurira zviitiko izvi - musikana ane makore 14 okuberekwa panguva, anoyeuka kuti vasungwa vakanga vagogodza pasuo pakati masikati. Amai regai navo, pasinei nemafashamo nemigumisiro.

Paakabvunzwa nei vakasarudza muchigogodza nayo mumba, masoja Soviet akapindura kuti havana kuona pahwindo mufananidzo Hitler.

kuregedzera

Pakazosvika May, US mauto vakanga vatova kusvika muLinz. Wehrmacht vakadzokera shure vakakurumidza. Pauchadzidza dzairwisa akaswedera, SS, zvakare, akasarudza kukanda pamusoro run. Inenge zvose akasiya musasa asi rokutanga May. Vamwe vasungwa vakanga vachienda vabva "rworufu." Kuti achaita kuti makiromita akawanda netsoka. Practice inoratidza kuti vakawanda vasungwa vakaparara nokuda vaneta. Cheshanu May vokuAmerica vakasvika pamusasa. Vasungwa vakamukira akasara SS varume uye vakavauraya. May rechinomwe Infantry Division US muchiuto akasunungura wevasungwa Mauthausen. Photo kwomusasa rakapararira munyika yose. Vazhinji varwi, uyo dzakavhiringika nezvavakanga vaona, haana akaratidza tsitsi vasungwa vokuGermany. On mundima chirangaridzo kunzwisisa rakavambwa mumusasa.

Mauthausen, wevasungwa: mazita vasungwa

Zvino nyika waimbova musasa rufu chirangaridzo kunzwisisa. Gore negore zvinonzi akashanyira nezviuru zvevashanyi. Pane zvivako mumitauro yakawanda. The chinosemesa nzvimbo kumbochinja, senyevero kune zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. Ndandanda Mauthausen, unogona kukumbira munhu munharaunda arşive. Pane rine zvose Vasungwa mazita ari earufabheti. zvizvarwa zvakawanda vasungwa Russian vakakwanisa kudzidza zvaitika madzitateguru avo kubudikidza yamabhuku izvi.

Zvisinei, dambudziko riri pakuti vokuGermany havana nemazvo nguva dzose akashandurwa surnames Russian. Memory vasungwa chinoramba chichiitwa uyewo mumisha yaiva pedyo.

Muna 1995 firimu yakabudiswa muAustria, achiudza pamusoro wakashata yemuna.