The havaoni zviri Odessa: nhoroondo guta, zvivako uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Nyika haisi guta kwakafanana Odessa pamusoro usingatsananguriki yeshoko hwake. Kunoratidza pacharo mu runako wokumaodzanyemba hunhu, guta mapurani, pebhanhire tichibatanidza mimwe yakasiyana siyana siyana. Asi chikuru chinhu Chokwadi, vanhu vayo - iri zvachose nemamwe vanhu vanonzi Odessites, vachitaura chete make yo "Odessa" mutauro. Akavamba guta rino pamahombekombe zvitema kweGungwa Dema munyika?

refu sei zvakaitirwa!

Kutaura zvinhu sezvazviri, asi havaoni chaicho Odessa - haasi Ðức de Richelieu uye rinobwinya Prince G. A. Potomkin, uyo rwunoverengerwa kukudzwa uku. Vagari Odessa rokutanga rakanga madzibaba edu zvakafanana - vagari Paleolithic, ane kupaka vematongo zvichiri kuwana iri kumadokero pamahombekombe Gulf Kuyalnik. Zvichitevera navo chemakore chokutanga BC muna Odessa Bay mahombekombe kuonekwa achizorora kubva kurudzi Cimmerians. Vane mbiri nehafu achinja makore chiuru akapfuura vaSitiya, uyewo sezuva uye kurovera mafungu kweGungwa Dema.

Asi mitemo nhoroondo dziri rwechisikirwo. Uye nokukurumidza savages aya yanzwa vaGiriki, kuziva panguva zvose runako mukuru budiriro. Kuumba nzvimbo iri kuitika Luzanovka uye Port of Commerce chinhu (kana kuti uzviise nyore, kutengeserana nemisha), vanakomana Hellas vakagarapo kusvikira II remakore AD. Ivowo vakasiya akasiyana munda webasa mumatongo ano. Asi ivo yakanyangarika kunzvimbo idzi pasina kupinda munhoroondo sezvo havaoni kuti Odessa. rukudzo urwu vakagamuchira.

The Middle Ages uye avo vanotaurwa

KuMiddle Ages huru nharaunda yose yakabatana Odessa Bay, kakawanda akava zvakatapwa dzimwe vakundi. Pano, necheSalvic madzinza yekare Ulichi akakwanisa kwekanguva uye Tivertsy, yakatsvairwa pamusoro pavo Tartar vazhinji, akatambanudza kwavari ruoko dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya Great Duchy pamusoro Lithuania. Kusvikira pakupedzisira, muna XVIII remakore, kwete nguva hweOttoman utongi.

Supreme Revashumiri Mother Empress

Apo nhasi rustle Acacia Seaside Boulevard, kamwechete Turkish nhare Yeni Dunya, uyo aiva dambudziko kuti atambudzwe mukuru I. V. Gudovicha, yakavatevera muna 1789 panotangira eRussia kuna Bender akamira. Its yemhando yokuzviparadzanisa pasi murayiro Count Joseph de Ribas Jose akakunda munhare mambakwedza September 13, kudzivisa vakatendeka kupedza munamato mangwanani, akapinda nhare wokuRussia Turkish hondo 1787-1791 uwandu mikombe.

Makore maviri pashure zvakanga yakasainwa Chibvumirano Jassy, izvo hwogumisa utsinye. Maererano gwaro, pasi Russian tsvimbo akabva wandei ndima, inonzi New Russia. Kumadokero kwayo chikamu, muGungwa Dema irwo Empress Catherine II chirevo pamusoro May 27, 1794 vakarayirwa kuti kutanga kuvaka guta, nhare uye chiteshi chengarava. Saka, nevanga yamambo chinyoreso akanzwisisa kodzero upenyu uhwu guta yakasiyana.

The zita rakapiwa achangoberekwa

basa rake havaoni kuti Odessa akatanga chaizvo mitatu. The murwi yokutanga nomuzvanza pasi asati yakatarwa basa ane kumwaya nemvura dzvene. Achida kupa guta yemberi ine European zvechokwadi kuzivikanwa, asi Empress akarayira chokuvaka ane Dutch injiniya uye mapurani Fransua De Vollanu, akapinda Russian basa muna 1787 pasi patronage yeRussian nhume mu The Hague.

Naizvozvo akavhura nyika kuti apo pakuberekwa kwake kwete chete vanozvarwa anopiwa mazita, asi rose guta. A gore pashure pakutanga pakuvaka ibwe achangoberekwa akava wokutanga kunzi zita rake chairo - Odessa yokuvamba sezvo vaongorori vanodavira, kubva zita rimwe guta Greek yekare Odessos, aimbova zvishoma kumabvazuva, pamahombekombe parizvino Tylihul Estuary.

Deribas - muvambi Odessa

City, akaberekwa maererano nomurau Empress, yakavakwa pasi zvakananga penhungamiro mumwe magamba nenguva Catherine, Vice Admiral Iosifa De Ribas, varwi vakashinga chaizvo kuti kamwe pakarepo akatora Turkish nhare Yeni Dunya. Jinda Spanish pakuberekwa, kwagara inopepereswa nyota mberi nokuda kutsika, akararama hupenyu yakajeka uye azere chinonyanya incredible adventures kuti aigona kushumira sezvo rangano hakusi chete ushingi enganonyorwa.

Sezvo muvambi Odessa yaro yokutanga meya, De Ribas immortalized zita rake rokuti huru mumugwagwa Deribasovskaya. Ndizvozvo, mune shoko, pasina mekuparadzanisa French revatongi chivakashure "de", kumutumidza Odessa. The Monument zvakare achakudzwa murume uyu vagari guta makasimbisa chete muna 1994, yakarongwa kuti iitike rienderane mhemberero yacho bicentenary kweguta.

Second Odessa meya

Kana muna 1803 of Ribas akachinjirwa St. Petersburg, yake youmbozha neimba yaiva hofisi uye dzimba dzokugara pedyo meya, uyo akaburuka munhau sezvo muvambi Odessa. Yakanga hapana zvishoma rakakurumbira pane nowakautangira wayo, Duke de Richelieu - aristocrat French, akauya mushure French Revolution kusvika Russian basa. Monument yake yokupedzisira pasi Potemkin Stairs, akava mhando pakuva guta.

Duke akanga akangwara chaizvo uye unyanzvi mutariri. Panguva yokutonga kwake (1803-1815 gg.) Muguta inoitwa zvikuru pakuvaka, kune migwagwa yakawanda itsva rakatyorwa minda, vakavaka Orthodox uye nemachechi Catholic, sinagogi, yemauto musika, akazaruka zvakawanda zvikoro uye akasika gungwa mvura yakachena, panguva iyoyo zvakanga akakodzera chaizvo.

Zvibereko Board vakadzikama vanhu

Nemhaka vakachenjera ake utungamiri, muna Odessa, kufanana kumwe, zvakanaka zvakatipoteredza kukura kutengeserana. Pasinei mhami masimba zvatakangopiwa paari nokuda Alexander I, muvambi Odessa Duke (Duke) de Richelieu rechipiri vakaratidza vakachenjera zvakakwana kubvisa ari zviduku emo vezvokutengeserana administrative mutorongo, anosiya mushambadzi kusarudza mukana nzira kutanga bhizimisi ravo. Saka iye vakasungira guta vazhinji Russian uye vatorwa vanamuzvinabhizimisi, uye maererano, uye misoro yadzo.

Varume ava vaviri, vakatanga kuti Odessa - Vice Admiral Iosif De Ribas, uye Ðức de Richelieu - akasika guta razova kwete chete zvoupfumi netsika muzinda New Russia, asiwo masvingo simba pamusoro Sea Black, kwete nyaya dzose inoratidza kurwisa muvengi.

Asingatyi uye norupo Count Langeron

Muna 1815, meya Odessa kwakaitika mumwe hapana zvishoma vakakodzera munhu - Count Alexander Fedorovich Langeron. zita rake, iye hunofukidza pamadziro vaIshmaeri, vari kurwisa vakatora chikamu pedyo A. V. Suvorovym. Sezvinoratidzwa vomunguva, kunze apererwa ushingi, chikuru unhu hwake aiva rupo, kumanikidzwa kugoverana kokupedzisira munhu, ndiani zvingava kana kukumbira.

Kuva nekodzero guta kwemakore makumi matatu anenge basa-mubhadharo imupota nhumbi (basa-mubhadharo chiteshi muoti), iye kwakapfumisa ake zviito, asi vakasiya vafa venhaka imwe imba duku uye akapotsa vashatisa purazi. In Odessa, mumakore Alexander Fedorovich akazviratidza Botanical Garden nemapaki akawanda, vakatanga kubudisa pepanhau yokutanga muguta, uye akazarura magonhi aro Richelieu Lyceum, rwakazokura wechipiri kuRussia pashure yakakurumbira Tsarskoye tiiviste.

City glitz dzomutengo

Mune ramangwana, kunobwinya renyeredzi rimwe mayors akabatana Prince Mihail Sergeevich Vorontsov. Pamusana kwaari, Odessa akawana revatongi Gloss. Aine guru mamiriro wokuva noukama rokumusoro nevaitonga Russia uye England, akakwanisa akwezve kuguta nhengo dzakawanda yakakwirira munzanga uye nevaya, isina ruzha zita, akanga zvisinei yakasimba mamiriro. Muchinda uyu wakabatsira wake - Polish aristocrat Countess Bronitskaya. Nokuda connection yayo Odessa wokuPoland akatamira chaizvo mupfumi mhuri.

Izvi zvakabatsira kuti zvimwe kubudirira yezvokutengeserana, kuti kwaita dzemitambo zvitsva uye mumaresitorendi. Prosperity kubva zviyo zvokutengeserana nedzimwe sectors muguta nguva kuwedzerwa uye vakagadzirira pamwe zvemazuva ano. Zvaakanga makawana kuwedzerwa basa-mubhadharo chengarava kwemamwe makore gumi, Prince Vorontsov akaita Odessa chikuru Shopping Centre kumaodzanyemba Russia.

Isingasvavi kuyeuka pakuvambwa Odessa

Muna 2007, Catherine Square muguta yakavakwazve 1900, akamisira uye namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara panguva Soviet shongwe vakatanga pakati Odessa. The Zvinoumba nomuvezi M. P. Popova ndiye mufananidzo Catherine II, wakamutswa yakakwirira nechigadziko, uye akamira mujinga neshamwari dzake ina. Pakati pavo - kare kutaurwa of Ribas, uyewo vakakurumbira inofananidza yaitonga G. A. Potomkin, de Volan uye PA Zubov. Mumwe nomumwe wavo vakasiya chiratidzo avo nhoroondo yeguta.

Chaiva chiitiko chinokosha muupenyu tsika musha. Odessa kazhinji zvikuru vakapfuma akakura mabasa vanatenzi mumakore emakore uye nhasi. Vakawanda vavo vari kuzivikanwa ounyanzvi. Ichi shongwe Duke de Richelieu, akajeka ari pagungwa Boulevard Prince Vorontsov muna Cathedral Square, mudetembi Polish Adam Mickiewicz pakutanga Alexander Avenue nevamwe vazhinji, tiri kubwinya Odessa.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kare akachengetedza mazita avo chete, nokuda kwavo yakakwirira munzanga uye yepamutemo mamiriro aiva chinokosha kukanganisa kukura kwaro uye kukura, muvambi wechokwadi kuguta Odessa vanoyeuka - vaya emakore anopfuura maviri apfuura, nemaoko avo pachavo wakazvisika pamusoro zuva-zvakabikwa pamhenderekedzo Sea Black. akaberekwa basa ravo chishamiso, akakudzwa vadetembi zhinji, yava kumba vakawanda zvinoshamisa vanhu. Ndiwo vanhu - muvambi Odessa wechokwadi. Nhoroondo guta - hweizvi.