Olivier Levasseur - Pirate French. Legend wepfuma uye cryptogram Levasseur

About corsairs, Pirates, freebooters, buccaneers nevamwe "naanamai werombo rakanaka" haina kunyorwa rimwe kuedza yokufungidzira uye firimu akaita. Yakafukidzwa imwe Aura dzorudo, kazhinji Pirates vekushangazhika vave mienzaniso, vazhinji vavo zvichipomerwa akakumbanira Pirates kwete pamoyo wake, asi nekuda ezvinhu.

Zvisinei, zvinhu tarisa harisi anoyevedza muupenyu chaihwo. Yenhau kare, kubvira panguva yakare, vakazadzwa weropa mapeji paumhondi, ugororo nokupamba, chinivshihsya Pirates. Amaro Pargo, naOlivier Levasseur, Henry Morgan uye vamwe vazhinji vakawana dubious mukurumbira, kuunza kunovhundutsa navafambisi uye kumahombekombe maguta.

yekare hove

Sea ugororo akazviratidza mambakwedza yebudiriro, pamwechete kukura kutengeserana. Nezvikepe zvavatengesi, vakaremedzwa nenhumbi zvinodhura, asi havaratidzi zvombo, akava nyore kuti Pirates. Wokutanga muchirumbidza Pirates akanyorwa Mikoko kudzokera veIjipiti.

Munguva dzekare Pirates vakasununguka Surf ari Adriatic, reAegean uye Mediterranean makungwa. Greek guta-inoti vakanga nguva nenguva nokunzwa kutonga kwavo, asi zvaioneka migumisiro havana kuuya nazvo. Pirates vakaramba kuzopamba nezvikepe zvavatengesi, vakatakurwa uye vashandi vatengese muuranda.

Gare gare Roman Empire akakwanisa zvinobudirira kurwisa gungwa ugororo. Pompey muna I remakore BC, akaunganidza ngarava 500 uye nehondo 120 zviuru vanhu kwemwedzi mitatu vaibvisa muMediterranean Pirates. Chete chete kuwa Rome mune V remakore BC iyi mugungwa pokupambara munharaunda zvakare vakatanga kuwanazve simba.

Nguva nenzvimbo zvakawanwa

Pakazopera yeMiddle Ages, vokuEurope vakaita kufambira mberi kukuru mune shipbuilding uye wekushandisa. Spanish uye Portuguese caravels ndadzidza kuvaka - yakakura, mukuru-nokukurumidza uye ngarava chiedza inokwanisa nechikepe pamusoro mhepo.

Kukura cartography, pamwe nokushandiswa chinongedzo, zvino anoita kuti tikwanise kushambira ari megungwa, uye sphericity Nyika pfungwa akapa tariro kubudirira akapfuma kumabvazuva, kuenda kumadokero. izvi zvose vakagadzirira guru zvakawanwa nenzvimbo.

Mazana maviri nemakore, kubva yechipiri yezana XV remakore. uye anopera pakati XVII remakore., navigators European Akaongorora asingazivikanwi pamberi kumakungwa, makungwa, makondinendi uye zvitsuwa. Kudivi rimwe, nzvimbo yomugariro zvakawanikwa vaiva danho mberi, asi, Ukuwo, vakapa zvakasimbisa yaitonga kukunda uye zvisati Kuwedzera mugungwa ugororo.

Hazvina Nguva ichi yabudisa ezvinhu kuti kwaita Pirates, mazita havasati kukanganwika. Kunyanya, kana vari chokuita kutsvaka pfuma yakabiwa. Somuenzaniso, zviri cryptogram Levasseur - mutungamiriri thugs, yaiva yokutanga Caribbean, uye ipapo muna Indian Ocean, inoramba unsolved kusvikira nhasi.

inonyoreswa piracy

Pakutanga zvingaita sokuti zvisingashamisi kuti monarchies European pachavo pamwero vakadudzira kumboitika basa Pirates, uyo gare gare vakarwa rinopikisa. Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri.

Holland, Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain uye France muna XVI-XVII emakore. Vanoita makwikwi itsva dzaitongwa uye akanzi munyika kutengeserana. The mbambo mu hondo iyi yakakwirira zvikuru, saka vanobatanidzwa kwake vakaregeredza ehurumende tsika apo vakaenda kusarudza nzira.

Saka paiva privateering - inonyoreswa piracy. patents wokupamba nezvikepe zvavatengesi First simba yomuvengi paakavapa kumakambani kumapati chete nguva rehondo. Zvisinei, akabatanidza manakiro capers asina kukurumidza kusiya nyore wokuwana uye pashure apera.

Maererano nedzimwe nemishumo, yambotaurwa naOlivier Levasseur akatanga basa rake somunhu privateer, wavanotibira ngarava Spanish muAtlantic Ocean nokuda Hurumende France. Zvisinei, pasina nguva, kufanana vazhinji mamwe masoja ake ari zvokutengeserana, vanosarudza "basa" pamusoro pachavo.

Piracy muCaribbean

Sea ugororo akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha mune Colonisation vokuAmerica uye muitiro chinyakare kuunganidza guta iri Western Europe. Ruzhinji Pirates uye privateers vaiva Dutch, French, neSpanish, Chirungu uye Portuguese.

In pakati XVII remakore. Zvakatanga inonzi dzakaitika chendarama zera gungwa ugororo. Richagara makore anenge 80, uye chikuru nhandare mabasa Pirates muCaribbean vava, apo cruised chikepe dzakatakura ndarama, fodya, sirivha, indigo, shuga uye nezvimwe zvinhu mitengo.

Pakazopera chete remakore apo hurumende yaitonga pakupedzisira yakakamurwa mabhora ose simba, vakatanga anorenda kupfurikidza zvachose gungwa nokupamba muCaribbean. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vazhinji Pirates, pakati pavo naOlivier Levasseur, vakatamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo pasi pose kuti zvakanaka mberi kwavo hove zvisiri pamutemo.

Man Pasina Past

Mashoko akavimbika pamusoro pemavambo Levasseur haana kurarama. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti vaiva mhuri zvakafanana Pol Levassor - mumwe Pirate French kubva Calais. Zvisinei, vhidhiyo uchapupu pfungwa iyi haisi.

Panewo zvokufungidzira kuti naOlivier akazvarwa aine Tortuga - zvitsuwa muCaribbean, apo ari 40s zviri XVII remakore mutungamiriri aiva Fransua Levassor. Kana zvakadaro, ipapo kumhuri vanokudzwa kubva Conyer (Maine Department).

Izvi zvinoshandawo gore yokuzvarwa Olive Levassora. Musi chaiwo hauzivikanwi. Ungangove akazvarwa pakati 1680 uye 1690. The chete bhuku chokuita nenguva naOlivier Levasseur aivhima muGungwa Caribbean, uye ipapo muna Indian Ocean, ari "nhoroondo yakakurumbira Pirates," Charles Johnson, rakabudiswa muna 1720

kumanikidzwa vaitamira

Munguva yeHondo of Spanish Kwevaapostora (1701-1714 gg.), The Hurumende Louis XIV norupo akagovera patents privateers vakapamba ngarava muAtlantic Ocean. Zvisinei, pashure kuguma France vakabatana wemasangano nemasimba European akamisa kutsakatisa piracy mudunhu.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1716 Levasseur, zita remadunhurirwa La Buse Ndarayira vashandi 70 Pirates. Cruising muCaribbean, ivo vakabudirira kubirwa wacho Dutch, Spanish uye British zvikepe pavaienda Europe kana America.

Around iyoyo iri Bahamas akasangana Pirate vatungamiri, apo ruzhinji akavhotera kuti kutamira njodzi nzvimbo, sezvo kurwisa gungwa ugororo kuwedzera. Pakati pevaya vakasarudza tama, uye aiva Pirate naOlivier Levasseur.

In mvura Indian Ocean

West Africa rava paakanga aivhima ugororo muna 1718-1719 gg. pamwe chete navakuru Coquelin uye Davis. Vaibira ngarava dzinenge 15 pamuromo pomupata Sierra Leone, vakagovana. Panguva ino, Pirate French uye ake rikarira vakapinda Indian Ocean nomukombiyuta Cape of Good Hope.

Muzhizha 1720 mumwe Comoros chikepe yaparara Levasseur. chikwata chake vakanhonga England uye Taylor - vakuru vaviri Pirate ngarava. Nokukurumidza England Akabviswa uye akasvika pachitsuwa kuMauritius, uye panzvimbo yake akasarudzwa Levasseur.

Pamwe chete Taylor, vakaritora maviri mudziyo Arab wokutanga, uye ipapo vapinze British dzechikwata, raiva East India Company. Extraction kukuru uye ndisisina pakati Pirates kunobatsira Dutch vatengesi ari Indian muguta Cochin. Kubva ipapo vakadzokera nenzira Mauritius.

nakisisa mukombe

Restock mbuva uye vachigadzira zvikepe, pamwe Levasseur Taylor vakananga Madagascar. On nzira yavo akarara Reunion Island, akashevedza Bourbon. Pirates akaswedera kwaari 8 April 1721 uye vakawana mumigwagwa ari Portuguese chikepe, vanorohwa nedutu.

Nokuti mashoko pamusoro zviitiko zvinogona kuwanikwa zvakachengetedzwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzokuEurope, nokuti zvakatapwa akabatwa neboka Pirates, runoonekwa rimwe remasangano munhoroondo piracy.

Mune Portuguese flagship chikepe chaiva Archbishop uye Viceroy pakati Goa, asi Chikurukuru - nedhaimani gomo, zvishongo, machira anodhura, fenicha, sirivha negoridhe Gráfica, midziyo, pakuzvichenesa zvinhu, mari, etc. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofungidzira kuti kukosha mangoda chete. yanhasi Gengi zvichisiyana 3 kusvika mamiriyoni 4 emadhora.

chinetso

Zvakapambwa kwakaitika kuMadagascar. Mumwe nomumwe akagamuchira 42 nedhaimani uye 4000 makirogiramu. Pakutanga of XVIII remakore - zvakanga kumbonzwiwa upfumi kuti akabvumira mhenyu tefe mu Europe.

Asi Pirates uye haana kufunga kusiya kunobatsira kutengeserana. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1722, vakapamba muArabhia chikepe, munzira kubva China kusvika chigadzirwa, uye akabva atamira Madagascar kuna Delagoa Bay (East Africa). Local Dutch ravarwi kwete chete akaramba Pirates, asiwo yakazara zvasungwa pamisara yavo.

Mwedzi mishomanana Pirates akatora kugadzira ngarava uye zvokuita inotevera: kudzokera muCaribbean kana kuramba ari Indian Ocean. Pakupedzisira, Taylor nechikepe kuWest Indies, uye Levasseur aine vashandi vanhu 250 vakaenda angabira nezvikepe zvavatengesi nemhenderekedzo East Africa kusvikira chikepe chake, akatasva pamahombekombe, kwete yakadonha. Kubvira ipapo, Levasseur vakagara kuMadagascar.

End basa

Reunion Island muna 1642 akava nyuchi French. Madagascar zvinonzi akaparadzaniswa nevanhu 700 chete? Km. Muna 1724 mubati chitsuwa akavimbisa Levasseur wake nechikwata ruregero kana ivo dzinopaza pamwe piracy uye kutamira Reunion. Achida paiva zvishoma. Most, kusanganisira La Buzás akaramba.

Kwemakore matanhatu akatevera vakaramba vawane mumwe ari Indian Ocean, zvichiita chawo chitsuwa chiduku Sainte Marie. Muna 1730 mukuru French chikepe "Medusa" unyengeri akakunda Levasseur akakunda vakauya namaketani kuna Reunion. Pano Pirate akazviratidza pamberi pedare, izvo akatongera kuti asungirirwe.

Zvakanga runyerekupe kuti mumwe nhengo Council, aitonga chitsuwa, kunyanya achishingaira akarwa pamusoro kubatwa uye aurayiwe La Buzás sezvo chinangwa kundozvitorera upfumi hwake. Kana ichi chiri chokwadi, zvinoita Ungangove akatorwa romuromo kubudikidza zvakazoitika.

Chakavanzika pfuma

The kuuraya kwakaitika July 1730 iri huru mativi ose Saint-Paul, uyo panguva iyoyo muzinda chacho. mukabhururukira pamberi scaffold, iyo Pirate akakanda revanhu kapepa, achiti kuti awane pfuma kuti munhu anogona decipher zvinyorwa.

Vatsoropodzi vanodavira kuti nyaya ngano. Zvisinei, pane zvechokwadi cryptogram. Uye kweanenge matatu emakore pfuma Olive Levassora akaramba kutambudza pfungwa vavhimi kubva kunyika dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinonzwisisika, vakapiwa kukura zvakatapwa akabatwa Pirates kure muchiPutukezi muna 1721 Asi aingova mumwe Zvikamu iri basa La Buzás.

Chero zvakanga, asi pfuma Olive Levassora kuramba kutsvaka mumazuva edu zvitsuwa Indian Ocean, yaiva pedo Madagascar. Zvisinei, saka kure hapana anekodzero decrypt ari cryptogram oumhizha Pirate. Saka, munhoroondo pfuma La Buzás pfungwa wakaiswa mangwanani.